{"id":32747,"date":"2025-10-25T13:41:08","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T10:41:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=32747"},"modified":"2025-10-25T13:41:08","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T10:41:08","slug":"owncloud-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04-uzerinde-tasima-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/owncloud-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-16-04-uzerinde-tasima-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"ownCloud Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde Ta\u015f\u0131ma Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

ownCloud Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde Ta\u015f\u0131ma Rehberi<\/h2>\n

ownCloud, ki\u015fisel bulut depolama \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda pop\u00fcler bir a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak projesidir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 senkronize etmelerine, payla\u015fmalar\u0131na ve \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i olarak eri\u015fmelerine olanak tan\u0131r. Genellikle bir web sunucusu (Apache veya Nginx), bir veritaban\u0131 (MySQL\/MariaDB veya PostgreSQL) ve PHP ile birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. ownCloud kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda, kullan\u0131c\u0131 verilerinin depoland\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir “veri dizini” belirlenir. Bu dizin, t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, \u00f6nbellekleri ve ownCloud’un dahili verilerini bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r. Zamanla, bu veri dizininin yerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek gerekebilir. Bu makale, ownCloud veri dizinini Ubuntu 16.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde nas\u0131l g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

ownCloud veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131, \u00e7e\u015fitli senaryolardan kaynaklanabilir. En yayg\u0131n nedenlerden biri, mevcut disk alan\u0131n\u0131n yetersiz kalmas\u0131d\u0131r. ownCloud sunucunuzun kurulu oldu\u011fu sistem diski dolmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir depolama birimine veya ayr\u0131 bir diske ge\u00e7mek ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmaz hale gelir. Bu durum, \u00f6zellikle \u00e7ok say\u0131da kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olan veya b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar depolayan ownCloud kurulumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir.<\/p>\n

Bir di\u011fer \u00f6nemli neden, performans iyile\u015ftirmesidir. Daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir depolama birimine (\u00f6rne\u011fin, geleneksel bir HDD’den bir SSD’ye) ta\u015f\u0131mak, dosya y\u00fckleme, indirme ve senkronizasyon h\u0131zlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir. Bu, kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini do\u011frudan etkileyen kritik bir fakt\u00f6rd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcvenlik de ta\u015f\u0131ma karar\u0131 \u00fczerinde etkili olabilir. Veri dizinini web sunucusunun k\u00f6k dizininden ay\u0131rmak veya hassas verileri ayr\u0131 bir \u015fifrelenmi\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcme ta\u015f\u0131mak, potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik risklerini azaltabilir. Bu, yetkisiz eri\u015fime kar\u015f\u0131 ek bir koruma katman\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ayr\u0131ca, yedekleme stratejilerini basitle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in veri dizinini ayr\u0131 bir birimde tutmak, yedekleme i\u015flemlerini daha verimli hale getirebilir. Sistem yeniden kurulumu veya sunucu ge\u00e7i\u015fi gibi durumlarda da veri dizininin ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekebilir.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 16.04, uzun s\u00fcredir desteklenen bir i\u015fletim sistemi olsa da, g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc de\u011fildir. Ancak, bu makale, bu platformda hala \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan ownCloud kurulumlar\u0131 i\u00e7in pratik ve uygulanabilir bir rehber sunmaktad\u0131r. Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi dikkatli bir planlama ve uygulama gerektirir; aksi takdirde veri kayb\u0131 veya hizmet kesintisi ya\u015fanabilir. Bu nedenle, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da belirtilen ad\u0131mlar\u0131 titizlikle takip etmek b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar<\/h3>\n

Veri dizini ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 minimize etmek ve veri kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fartt\u0131r. Bu ad\u0131mlar, i\u015flemi g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde tamamlaman\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n

Yedekleme<\/h4>\n

Herhangi bir kritik sistem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi, veri dizini ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce kapsaml\u0131 bir yedekleme yapmak hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 ana bile\u015fenin yedeklenmesi gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n

* Veritaban\u0131 Yedeklemesi:<\/strong> ownCloud, dosya listeleri, kullan\u0131c\u0131 bilgileri ve di\u011fer yap\u0131land\u0131rma verilerini bir veritaban\u0131nda saklar. Bu veritaban\u0131n\u0131n yedeklenmesi kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.
\n * MySQL\/MariaDB i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n

sudo mysqldump --single-transaction -u [kullan\u0131c\u0131_ad\u0131] -p [veritaban\u0131_ad\u0131] > owncloud-db-yedek.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n
        [kullan\u0131c\u0131_ad\u0131]<\/code> ve [veritaban\u0131_ad\u0131]<\/code> de\u011ferlerini kendi ownCloud veritaban\u0131 bilgilerinizle de\u011fi\u015ftirin. Parola istendi\u011finde girin.
\n    *   PostgreSQL i\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo pg_dump -U [kullan\u0131c\u0131_ad\u0131] [veritaban\u0131_ad\u0131] > owncloud-db-yedek.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyalar\u0131:<\/strong> ownCloud’un ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 \/var\/www\/owncloud\/config\/config.php<\/code> konumundad\u0131r. Bu dosya, veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131 bilgileri, veri dizini yolu ve di\u011fer \u00f6nemli ayarlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Ayr\u0131ca, Apache veya Nginx gibi web sunucunuzun ownCloud i\u00e7in \u00f6zel yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 da yedeklemelisiniz. Genellikle bu dosyalar \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/<\/code> veya \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/<\/code> dizinlerinde bulunur.<\/p>\n
sudo cp \/var\/www\/owncloud\/config\/config.php \/root\/owncloud-config-yedek.php\n    # Apache i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek:\n    sudo cp \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/owncloud.conf \/root\/owncloud-apache-yedek.conf\n    # Nginx i\u00e7in \u00f6rnek:\n    sudo cp \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/owncloud.conf \/root\/owncloud-nginx-yedek.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Mevcut Veri Dizini:<\/strong> ownCloud’un mevcut veri dizini, t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131 dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu dizinin tamam\u0131n\u0131n yedeklenmesi zorunludur. Genellikle bu dizin \/var\/www\/owncloud\/data<\/code> veya \/var\/snap\/owncloud\/current\/data<\/code> (e\u011fer snap kurulumu ise) konumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo rsync -avhP \/path\/to\/old\/data\/ \/root\/owncloud-data-yedek\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131 ve dizinleri koruyarak bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
ownCloud’u Bak\u0131m Moduna Alma<\/h4>\n
Veri tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak ve ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n dosya eklemesini veya de\u011fi\u015ftirmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ownCloud’u bak\u0131m moduna almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Bu, web aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r ve yaln\u0131zca y\u00f6neticilerin eri\u015fimine izin verir.<\/p>\n
sudo -u www-data php \/var\/www\/owncloud\/occ maintenance:mode --on<\/code><\/pre>\n
www-data<\/code>, genellikle web sunucusunun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r. ownCloud’unuz farkl\u0131 bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, bu kullan\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Alternatif olarak, config.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek de bak\u0131m modunu a\u00e7abilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
\/\/ \/var\/www\/owncloud\/config\/config.php dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n\n'maintenance' => true, \/\/ Bu sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin veya true olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirin<\/code><\/pre>\n
Gerekli \u0130zinler ve Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar<\/h4>\n
ownCloud’un sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi i\u00e7in web sunucusu kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (genellikle www-data<\/code>) veri dizinine tam eri\u015fim iznine sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi sonras\u0131nda bu izinlerin do\u011fru ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olunmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Hedef Dizinin Se\u00e7imi ve Olu\u015fturulmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yeni bir konum se\u00e7in. Bu konum, ayr\u0131 bir disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, farkl\u0131 bir dizin veya hatta bir a\u011f depolama birimi (NFS\/Samba) olabilir. Yeni dizini olu\u015fturun ve e\u011fer yeni bir disk kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, onu sisteme ba\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan (mount) emin olun.
\n\u00d6rne\u011fin, yeni veri dizininizi \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data<\/code> olarak belirleyelim:<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer yeni bir disk kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, diski bi\u00e7imlendirip \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na kal\u0131c\u0131 bir giri\u015f ekleyerek her yeniden ba\u015flatmada otomatik olarak ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
# \u00d6rnek fstab giri\u015fi (UUID ile)\nUUID=xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx \/mnt\/new_data_disk ext4 defaults,nofail 0 2<\/code><\/pre>\n
UUID<\/code> de\u011ferini sudo blkid<\/code> komutuyla bulabilirsiniz. nofail<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi, diskin ba\u011flanamamas\u0131 durumunda sistemin \u00f6ny\u00fcklemesini engellemesini \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n
Veri Dizini Ta\u015f\u0131ma Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
\u00d6n haz\u0131rl\u0131klar tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, nowCloud veri dizinini yeni konumuna ta\u015f\u0131mak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 dikkatlice uygulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Mevcut Veri Dizinini Kopyalama\/Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/h4>\n
Mevcut veri dizinini yeni hedef dizine kopyalamak i\u00e7in rsync<\/code> komutu en uygun ve g\u00fcvenli y\u00f6ntemdir. rsync<\/code>, kesintiye u\u011frad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile devam edebilme yetene\u011fi, ilerleme g\u00f6stergesi ve dosya izinlerini koruma gibi avantajlar sunar.<\/p>\n
sudo rsync -avhP \/var\/www\/owncloud\/data\/ \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   -a<\/code>: Ar\u015fiv modu; izinleri, sahiplikleri, zaman damgalar\u0131n\u0131 ve sembolik ba\u011flar\u0131 korur.
\n*   -v<\/code>: Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131; kopyalanan dosyalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\n*   -h<\/code>: \u0130nsan taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir formatta boyutlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\n*   -P<\/code>: \u0130lerleme \u00e7ubu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir ve kesintiye u\u011frayan transferleri devam ettirebilir.<\/p>\n
Kopyalama i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, yeni dizinin i\u00e7eri\u011fini kontrol ederek t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde aktar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. Eski veri dizinini hen\u00fcz silmeyin. \u0130\u015flem ba\u015far\u0131yla tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve ownCloud’un \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin oldu\u011funuzda, eski dizini silebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
ownCloud Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcncelleme (config.php<\/code>)<\/h4>\n
ownCloud’un yeni veri dizinini tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in config.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki datadirectory<\/code> parametresini g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/var\/www\/owncloud\/config\/config.php<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 bulun:<\/p>\n
'datadirectory' => '\/var\/www\/owncloud\/data',<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu sat\u0131r\u0131 yeni veri dizininizin yolu ile g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
'datadirectory' => '\/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data',<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kaydedip dosyay\u0131 kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Web Sunucusu Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcncelleme (Apache\/Nginx)<\/h4>\n
\u00c7o\u011fu ownCloud kurulumunda, veri dizini web k\u00f6k dizininin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda bulunur ve web sunucusu do\u011frudan bu dizine eri\u015fimi engeller. E\u011fer yeni veri dizininiz de web k\u00f6k dizini d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yorsa ve herhangi bir \u00f6zel Alias<\/code> veya location<\/code> direktifi kullanm\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bu ad\u0131m\u0131 atlayabilirsiniz. Ancak, web sunucusunun yeni veri dizinine eri\u015fim izinleri oldu\u011fundan emin olmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer Apache kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve veri dizininiz i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir <\/code> y\u00f6nergesi veya Alias<\/code> tan\u0131mlad\u0131ysan\u0131z, bu tan\u0131mlar\u0131 yeni yolla g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
# Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/owncloud.conf)\nsudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/owncloud.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Eski veri dizininizi referans alan bir sat\u0131r varsa, bunu yeni yolla g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
# Eski\nAlias \/owncloud\/data \"\/var\/www\/owncloud\/data\"\n\n    Require all denied\n    # ... di\u011fer ayarlar ...\n<\/Directory>\n\n
Yeni<\/h2>\nAlias \/owncloud\/data \"\/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\"\n\n    Require all denied\n    # ... di\u011fer ayarlar ...\n<\/Directory><\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Nginx kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, benzer \u015fekilde location<\/code> bloklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol etmeniz gerekebilir:<\/p>\n
# Nginx yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyan\u0131z\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/owncloud.conf)\nsudo nano \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/owncloud.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
Eski veri dizininizi referans alan bir location<\/code> blo\u011fu varsa, bunu yeni yolla g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n
# Eski\nlocation ~ ^\/data\/ {\n    deny all;\n    # ... di\u011fer ayarlar ...\n}\n\n
Yeni (genellikle bu blo\u011fu g\u00fcncellemeye gerek kalmaz, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \/data\/ yolu config.php'de belirlenir)<\/h2>\n
Ancak, e\u011fer farkl\u0131 bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma varsa kontrol edin.<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/h2>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra Nginx’i yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n
SELinux\/AppArmor Politikalar\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n
Ubuntu 16.04, varsay\u0131lan olarak AppArmor g\u00fcvenlik mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc kullan\u0131r. AppArmor, uygulamalar\u0131n dosya sistemi \u00fczerindeki eri\u015fimini k\u0131s\u0131tlar. Yeni veri dizininiz standart \/var\/www<\/code> yolunun d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaysa, AppArmor’un web sunucusunun (Apache veya Nginx) bu yeni dizine eri\u015fimini engellemesi olas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu durumda, AppArmor profilini g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekebilir. AppArmor loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek herhangi bir “denied” (reddedildi) mesaj\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo journalctl -xe | grep \"apparmor\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer AppArmor’dan kaynaklanan hatalar g\u00f6r\u00fcyorsan\u0131z, ilgili web sunucusu profilini d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir.
\n*   Apache i\u00e7in: \/etc\/apparmor.d\/usr.sbin.apache2<\/code>
\n*   Nginx i\u00e7in: \/etc\/apparmor.d\/usr.sbin.nginx<\/code><\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, Apache profiline yeni veri dizininize eri\u015fim izni vermek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/apparmor.d\/usr.sbin.apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosyan\u0131n sonuna veya uygun bir yere a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n
\/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/ r,\n\/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/<\/em> rw,<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu sat\u0131rlar, web sunucusuna yeni veri dizinini okuma ve bu dizin i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm dosya ve alt dizinleri okuma\/yazma izni verir. De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra AppArmor’\u0131 yeniden y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl reload apparmor<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosya \u0130zinlerini ve Sahipliklerini Ayarlama<\/h4>\n
Yeni veri dizini kopyaland\u0131ktan sonra, ownCloud’un bu dizine do\u011fru \u015fekilde eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in dosya sahipliklerini ve izinlerini ayarlaman\u0131z gerekir. Web sunucusu kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 (genellikle www-data<\/code>), veri dizinine ve i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm dosyalara sahip olmal\u0131 ve yazma iznine sahip olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
# Sahipli\u011fi www-data kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve grubuna ayarla\nsudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\n\n
Dizinler i\u00e7in izinleri ayarla (750: sahibi okuma\/yazma\/\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, grup okuma\/\u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma, di\u011ferleri yok)<\/h2>\nsudo find \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/ -type d -exec chmod 750 {} \\;\n\n
Dosyalar i\u00e7in izinleri ayarla (640: sahibi okuma\/yazma, grup okuma, di\u011ferleri yok)<\/h2>\nsudo find \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/ -type f -exec chmod 640 {} \\;<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, ownCloud’un g\u00fcvenlik ve i\u015flevsellik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu minimum izinleri sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015f\u0131ma Sonras\u0131 Kontroller<\/h3>\n
Veri dizini ta\u015f\u0131ma ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma g\u00fcncellemeleri tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, her \u015feyin beklendi\u011fi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 testler yapman\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Bak\u0131m Modundan \u00c7\u0131kma<\/h4>\n
\u0130lk olarak, ownCloud’u bak\u0131m modundan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n, b\u00f6ylece kullan\u0131c\u0131lar tekrar eri\u015febilir:<\/p>\n
sudo -u www-data php \/var\/www\/owncloud\/occ maintenance:mode --off<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer config.php<\/code> \u00fczerinden manuel olarak bak\u0131m modunu a\u00e7t\u0131ysan\u0131z, ayn\u0131 dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek 'maintenance' => false,<\/code> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n
ownCloud Aray\u00fcz\u00fcnden Kontrol<\/h4>\n
Taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan ownCloud web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015fin. Y\u00f6netici hesab\u0131n\u0131zla giri\u015f yap\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kontrolleri yap\u0131n:
\n*   Genel Eri\u015fim:<\/strong> Aray\u00fcze sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde eri\u015febiliyor musunuz?
\n*   Dosya Eri\u015fimi:<\/strong> Mevcut dosyalar\u0131n\u0131za ve dizinlerinize eri\u015febiliyor musunuz? Dosyalar\u0131 a\u00e7abiliyor, \u00f6nizleyebiliyor ve indirebiliyor musunuz?
\n*   Y\u00f6netim Paneli:<\/strong> Y\u00f6netim panelinden “Genel” veya “Depolama” ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin. Veri dizini yolunun do\u011fru \u015fekilde g\u00fcncellendi\u011fini ve depolama alan\u0131 bilgilerinin do\u011fru g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Yeni Dosya Y\u00fckleme ve Mevcut Dosyalara Eri\u015fim Testi<\/h4>\n
*   Yeni Dosya Y\u00fckleme:<\/strong> ownCloud’a k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir dosya y\u00fcklemeyi deneyin. Y\u00fckleme ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olursa, dosyan\u0131n yeni veri dizininde fiziksel olarak bulundu\u011funu do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
ls -l \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/[kullan\u0131c\u0131_ad\u0131]\/files\/[y\u00fcklenen_dosya_ad\u0131]<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Mevcut Dosyalara Eri\u015fim:<\/strong> Rastgele birka\u00e7 mevcut dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7may\u0131, indirmeyi veya payla\u015fmay\u0131 deneyin.
\n*   Senkronizasyon \u0130stemcileri:<\/strong> ownCloud senkronizasyon istemcilerini (masa\u00fcst\u00fc veya mobil) kullanarak senkronizasyonun sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n. Yeni dosyalar senkronize oluyor mu, mevcut dosyalar g\u00fcncelleniyor mu?<\/p>\n
Loglar\u0131 Kontrol Etme<\/h4>\n
Herhangi bir hata olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in ownCloud ve web sunucusu loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:
\n*   ownCloud Loglar\u0131:<\/strong> ownCloud’un kendi log dosyas\u0131 genellikle \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/owncloud.log<\/code> (yeni veri dizini alt\u0131nda) veya \/var\/www\/owncloud\/data\/owncloud.log<\/code> (eski veri dizini alt\u0131nda, e\u011fer config.php’de log dizini belirtilmemi\u015fse) konumundad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo tail -f \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/owncloud.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Web Sunucusu Hata Loglar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   Apache i\u00e7in: \/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code>
\n    *   Nginx i\u00e7in: \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code><\/p>\n
sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu loglarda “permission denied”, “file not found” veya “internal server error” gibi hatalar olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
Performans Kontrol\u00fc<\/h4>\n
Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015fleminin ard\u0131ndan performans\u0131n nas\u0131l etkilendi\u011fini g\u00f6zlemleyin. Dosya y\u00fckleme\/indirme h\u0131zlar\u0131nda bir iyile\u015fme veya k\u00f6t\u00fcle\u015fme var m\u0131? ownCloud aray\u00fcz\u00fc daha h\u0131zl\u0131 m\u0131 tepki veriyor? E\u011fer performans beklentilerinizi kar\u015f\u0131lam\u0131yorsa, disk I\/O, a\u011f bant geni\u015fli\u011fi veya web sunucusu yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 gibi fakt\u00f6rleri g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
T\u00fcm kontrollerden ba\u015far\u0131yla ge\u00e7tikten sonra, eski veri dizinini g\u00fcvenle silebilirsiniz. Ancak, bir s\u00fcre daha yedek olarak tutmak, olas\u0131 beklenmedik sorunlara kar\u015f\u0131 ek bir g\u00fcvenlik katman\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n
Olas\u0131 Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h3>\n
Veri dizini ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da listelenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
\u0130zin Hatalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   Belirtiler:<\/strong> “Can’t create data directory”, “Permission denied”, “Internal Server Error” veya dosyalar\u0131n y\u00fcklenememesi\/indirilmemesi.
\n*   Nedenler:<\/strong> Yeni veri dizini i\u00e7in www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru sahiplik ve yazma izinlerine sahip olmamas\u0131. AppArmor\/SELinux k\u0131s\u0131tlamalar\u0131.
\n*   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong>
\n    *   chown<\/code> ve chmod<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131 tekrar \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak sahiplik ve izinleri do\u011frulay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\n        sudo find \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/ -type d -exec chmod 750 {} \\;\n        sudo find \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data\/ -type f -exec chmod 640 {} \\;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   AppArmor veya SELinux loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin (journalctl -xe | grep \"apparmor\"<\/code>) ve gerekli profilleri g\u00fcncelleyin. AppArmor profilini g\u00fcncelledikten sonra sudo systemctl reload apparmor<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
config.php<\/code> Yanl\u0131\u015f Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   Belirtiler:<\/strong> ownCloud’un ba\u015flamamas\u0131, “Internal Server Error” veya ownCloud’un eski veri dizinini kullanmaya devam etmesi (e\u011fer yeni dizin bo\u015fsa).
\n*   Nedenler:<\/strong> config.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki datadirectory<\/code> yolunun yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 veya g\u00fcncellenmemesi.
\n*   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> \/var\/www\/owncloud\/config\/config.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice kontrol edin ve datadirectory<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n yeni, do\u011fru yolu g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden emin olun. Dosyay\u0131 kaydettikten sonra web sunucunuzu yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
Veritaban\u0131 Senkronizasyon Sorunlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   Belirtiler:<\/strong> Dosyalar\u0131n web aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmemesi, ancak fiziksel olarak yeni veri dizininde bulunmas\u0131. (Bu, veri dizini ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015fleminde nadir bir durumdur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc veritaban\u0131 yollar\u0131 de\u011fil, dosya isimleri ve kimlikleri depolar.)
\n*   Nedenler:<\/strong> ownCloud’un dosya indeksinin g\u00fcncel olmamas\u0131.
\n*   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> ownCloud’un dosya indeksini yeniden taramak i\u00e7in occ<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo -u www-data php \/var\/www\/owncloud\/occ files:scan --all<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut, t\u00fcm kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 tarar ve veritaban\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcnceller. B\u00fcy\u00fck veri dizinleri i\u00e7in bu i\u015flem uzun s\u00fcrebilir.<\/p>\n
Web Sunucusu Hatalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   Belirtiler:<\/strong> “500 Internal Server Error”, “403 Forbidden” veya ownCloud aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015filememesi.
\n*   Nedenler:<\/strong> Web sunucusunun yeni veri dizinine eri\u015fim izninin olmamas\u0131, yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Alias<\/code> veya location<\/code> bloklar\u0131, PHP hatalar\u0131.
\n*   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong>
\n    *   Web sunucusu hata loglar\u0131n\u0131 (\/var\/log\/apache2\/error.log<\/code> veya \/var\/log\/nginx\/error.log<\/code>) kontrol edin.
\n    *   Apache veya Nginx yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/owncloud.conf<\/code> veya \/etc\/nginx\/sites-available\/owncloud.conf<\/code>) inceleyin ve yeni veri dizini yolunu do\u011fru \u015fekilde referans ald\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.
\n    *   Web sunucusunu yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n (sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code> veya sudo systemctl restart nginx<\/code>).<\/p>\n
Bu sorun giderme ad\u0131mlar\u0131, veri dizini ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz \u00e7o\u011fu yayg\u0131n sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Her zaman loglar\u0131 kontrol etmek ve de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri ad\u0131m ad\u0131m do\u011frulamak en iyi yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f Konular<\/h3>\n
ownCloud veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi, baz\u0131 durumlarda daha karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolar\u0131 da i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n
Harici Depolama Birimlerine Ta\u015f\u0131ma (NFS, Samba)<\/h4>\n
ownCloud veri dizinini bir a\u011f depolama birimine (NAS) ta\u015f\u0131mak, merkezi depolama, daha kolay yedekleme ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik gibi avantajlar sunabilir. Ancak, performans ve g\u00fcvenilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan dikkatli yap\u0131land\u0131rma gerektirir.<\/p>\n
*   NFS (Network File System):<\/strong> Linux sistemleri aras\u0131nda dosya payla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in tercih edilen bir y\u00f6ntemdir.
\n    *   NFS sunucusunda veri dizinini d\u0131\u015fa aktar\u0131n (\/etc\/exports<\/code>).
\n    *   ownCloud sunucusunda NFS istemcisini kurun (sudo apt install nfs-common<\/code>).
\n    *   Yeni veri dizinini mount edin (sudo mount -t nfs [nfs_server_ip]:\/path\/to\/nfs_share \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data<\/code>).
\n    *   \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na kal\u0131c\u0131 bir giri\u015f ekleyin. \u00d6nemli mount se\u00e7enekleri: defaults,noatime,_netdev,hard,intr<\/code>.
\n        *   _netdev<\/code>: A\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kurulmadan mount etmeyi denemez.
\n        *   noatime<\/code>: Dosya eri\u015fim zamanlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncellemez, performans\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.
\n        *   hard,intr<\/code>: A\u011f kesintilerinde daha iyi davran\u0131\u015f sa\u011flar.
\n*   Samba\/CIFS:<\/strong> Windows tabanl\u0131 a\u011f depolama veya di\u011fer Samba sunucular\u0131yla entegrasyon i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.
\n    *   Samba sunucusunda veri dizinini payla\u015f\u0131n.
\n    *   ownCloud sunucusunda Samba istemcisini kurun (sudo apt install cifs-utils<\/code>).
\n    *   Yeni veri dizinini mount edin (sudo mount -t cifs -o username=[user],password=[pass] \/\/[samba_server_ip]\/share_name \/mnt\/new_data_disk\/owncloud_data<\/code>).
\n    *   \/etc\/fstab<\/code> dosyas\u0131na kal\u0131c\u0131 bir giri\u015f ekleyin.<\/p>\n
A\u011f depolama kullan\u0131rken, a\u011f gecikmesi ve bant geni\u015fli\u011fi performans \u00fczerinde do\u011frudan etki edecektir. Ayr\u0131ca, a\u011f kesintilerine kar\u015f\u0131 ownCloud’un kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in uygun mount se\u00e7enekleri ve hata i\u015fleme mekanizmalar\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
ownCloud Veri Dizinini \u015eifreleme<\/h4>\n
Veri g\u00fcvenli\u011fi endi\u015feleri y\u00fcksekse, ownCloud veri dizinini \u015fifrelemeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz. Bu, disk d\u00fczeyinde veya ownCloud’un kendi \u015fifreleme mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
*   Disk D\u00fczeyinde \u015eifreleme (LUKS):<\/strong>
\n    *   Yeni disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc LUKS ile \u015fifreleyin. Bu, i\u015fletim sistemi seviyesinde t\u00fcm verileri \u015fifreler.
\n    *   Disk her \u00f6ny\u00fcklendi\u011finde veya ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u015fifre \u00e7\u00f6zme anahtar\u0131n\u0131 veya parolas\u0131n\u0131 girmeniz gerekir.
\n    *   Performans \u00fczerinde bir miktar etkisi olabilir, ancak verileriniz fiziksel olarak ele ge\u00e7irilse bile g\u00fcvende kal\u0131r.
\n*   ownCloud’un Kendi \u015eifreleme Mod\u00fcl\u00fc:<\/strong>
\n    *   ownCloud, sunucu taraf\u0131nda dosya \u015fifreleme \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahiptir. Bu, dosyalar\u0131 ownCloud’a y\u00fcklenmeden \u00f6nce \u015fifreler.
\n    *   Y\u00f6netici panelinden etkinle\u015ftirilebilir.
\n    *   Performans \u00fczerinde daha belirgin bir etkisi olabilir, ancak her dosya ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u015fifrelendi\u011fi i\u00e7in daha gran\u00fcler bir g\u00fcvenlik sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
\u015eifreleme se\u00e7eneklerini de\u011ferlendirirken, performans etkilerini, y\u00f6netim karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik gereksinimlerinizi g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
ownCloud veri dizinini Ubuntu 16.04 \u00fczerinde ta\u015f\u0131mak, disk alan\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, performans iyile\u015ftirmesi veya g\u00fcvenlik art\u0131\u015f\u0131 gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. Bu makalede ele al\u0131nan ad\u0131mlar\u0131 dikkatlice takip ederek, veri kayb\u0131 riski olmadan ve hizmet kesintisini minimumda tutarak bu i\u015flemi ba\u015far\u0131yla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u00e7in anahtar noktalar \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n1.  Kapsaml\u0131 Yedekleme:<\/strong> Herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce t\u00fcm ownCloud veritaban\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 ve mevcut veri dizininin eksiksiz bir yede\u011fini al\u0131n.
\n2.  Bak\u0131m Modu:<\/strong> Veri tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi boyunca ownCloud’u bak\u0131m modunda tutun.
\n3.  Do\u011fru Kopyalama:<\/strong> rsync<\/code> gibi g\u00fcvenilir bir ara\u00e7 kullanarak veri dizinini yeni konuma kopyalay\u0131n ve dosya izinlerini\/sahipliklerini koruyun.
\n4.  Yap\u0131land\u0131rma G\u00fcncellemesi:<\/strong> config.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki datadirectory<\/code> yolunu ve gerekirse web sunucusu yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 yeni yola g\u00f6re g\u00fcncelleyin.
\n5.  \u0130zinler ve G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Yeni veri dizini i\u00e7in www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na do\u011fru sahiplik ve izinleri atay\u0131n. AppArmor gibi g\u00fcvenlik mod\u00fcllerinin yeni dizine eri\u015fime izin verdi\u011finden emin olun.
\n6.  Kapsaml\u0131 Test:<\/strong> Ta\u015f\u0131ma sonras\u0131 ownCloud’un t\u00fcm fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n (dosya y\u00fckleme, indirme, senkronizasyon, aray\u00fcz eri\u015fimi) yeni dizinle birlikte sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n. Loglar\u0131 kontrol etmeyi ihmal etmeyin.<\/p>\n
Unutmay\u0131n ki Ubuntu 16.04’\u00fcn destek \u00f6mr\u00fc sona ermi\u015ftir. M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, ownCloud kurulumunuzu daha yeni, desteklenen bir Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne y\u00fckseltmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelisiniz. Bu, hem g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri hem de modern \u00f6zellikler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemlidir. Ancak, bu makaledeki bilgiler, mevcut Ubuntu 16.04 kurulumlar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in veri dizini ta\u015f\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacakt\u0131r. Periyodik yedeklemeleri s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek ve sistem loglar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol etmek, ownCloud sunucunuzun sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini koruman\u0131n temelidir. Gelecekteki \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve bak\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in veri dizinini mant\u0131kl\u0131 ve eri\u015filebilir bir konumda tutmak her zaman iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"ownCloud Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde Ta\u015f\u0131ma Rehberi\nownCloud, ki\u015fisel bulut depolama \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda pop\u00fcler bir a\u00e7\u0131k kaynak pr","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-32747","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nownCloud Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 16.04 \u00dczerinde Ta\u015f\u0131ma Rehberi - 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