{"id":32716,"date":"2025-10-25T04:41:35","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T01:41:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=32716"},"modified":"2025-10-25T04:41:35","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T01:41:35","slug":"debian-10-uzerine-apache-web-sunucusunun-kurulumu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/debian-10-uzerine-apache-web-sunucusunun-kurulumu\/","title":{"rendered":"Debian 10 \u00dczerine Apache Web Sunucusunun Kurulumu"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Debian 10 \u00dczerine Apache Web Sunucusunun Kurulumu<\/h2>\n

Debian 10 (Buster) sunucunuzda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir web sunucusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak istiyorsan\u0131z, Apache HTTP Sunucusu m\u00fckemmel bir se\u00e7imdir. A\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131, \u00fccretsiz ve d\u00fcnya genelinde en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan web sunucular\u0131ndan biri olan Apache, mod\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde geni\u015fletilebilir ve her t\u00fcrl\u00fc ihtiyaca uyum sa\u011flayabilir. Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, Debian 10 sisteminize Apache’yi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve web sitenizi nas\u0131l yay\u0131na alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n

Bu rehber, temel Linux komut bilgisine sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131 dikkatlice takip ederek, kendi web sunucunuzu k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r hale getirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Sistem G\u00fcncelleme ve \u00d6n Gereksinimler<\/h3>\n

Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan emin olmak en iyi uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, potansiyel g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapat\u0131r ve yaz\u0131l\u0131m uyumsuzluklar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. Ayr\u0131ca, kurulum i\u00e7in gerekli paket y\u00f6neticisi \u00f6nbelle\u011fini de yeniler.<\/p>\n

Debian sisteminizde sudo<\/code> ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olarak veya do\u011frudan root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. sudo<\/code> kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce \u015fifreniz istenebilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, paket listelerinizi g\u00fcncelleyelim:<\/p>\n

sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, y\u00fckl\u00fc paketlerinizi en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, sisteminizin en son yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcncellemelerine sahip olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. -y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 verir ve y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemini kesintisiz hale getirir. Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, Apache kurulumuna haz\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Apache Web Sunucusunun Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Debian depolar\u0131nda Apache web sunucusu apache2<\/code> paketi olarak bulunur. Kurulumu olduk\u00e7a basittir ve tek bir komutla ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n
Apache’yi kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install apache2 -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Apache web sunucusunun gerekli t\u00fcm bile\u015fenlerini ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize indirecek ve kuracakt\u0131r. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Apache servisi otomatik olarak ba\u015flayacak ve sistem a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da otomatik olarak ba\u015flamak \u00fczere yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurulumun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in Apache servisinin durumunu kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da active (running)<\/code> ifadesini g\u00f6rmeniz, Apache’nin ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
\u25cf apache2.service - The Apache HTTP Server\n   Loaded: loaded (\/lib\/systemd\/system\/apache2.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)\n   Active: active (running) since Tue 2023-10-26 10:00:00 UTC; 1min ago\n     Docs: https:\/\/httpd.apache.org\/docs\/2.4\/\n  Process: 1234 ExecStart=\/usr\/sbin\/apachectl start (code=exited, status=0\/SUCCESS)\n Main PID: 5678 (apache2)\n    Tasks: 6 (limit: 1152)\n   Memory: 10.5M\n   CGroup: \/system.slice\/apache2.service\n           \u251c\u25005678 \/usr\/sbin\/apache2 -k start\n           \u251c\u25005679 \/usr\/sbin\/apache2 -k start\n           \u2514\u25005680 \/usr\/sbin\/apache2 -k start<\/code><\/pre>\n
Art\u0131k Apache sunucunuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. Sunucunuzun varsay\u0131lan web sayfas\u0131n\u0131 bir web taray\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden kontrol edebilirsiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in sunucunuzun IP adresini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, http:\/\/sunucu_ip_adresiniz<\/code>) taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n adres \u00e7ubu\u011funa yazman\u0131z yeterlidir. E\u011fer her \u015fey yolundaysa, “Apache2 Debian Default Page” yazan varsay\u0131lan bir sayfa g\u00f6receksiniz. Bu sayfa, Apache’nin do\u011fru \u015fekilde kuruldu\u011funu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Sunucunuzun IP adresini bilmiyorsan\u0131z, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlardan birini kullanarak \u00f6\u011frenebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
ip a s<\/code><\/pre>\n
veya harici IP adresini \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
curl -4 icanhazip.com<\/code><\/pre>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Apache’yi Y\u00f6netme<\/h3>\n
Sunucunuzda bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (firewall) \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa, web sunucusunun d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filebilir olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in HTTP ve HTTPS portlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekir. Debian’da yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 arac\u0131 ufw<\/code> (Uncomplicated Firewall) veya iptables<\/code>‘t\u0131r. Bu rehberde ufw<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131na odaklanaca\u011f\u0131z, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc y\u00f6netimi daha kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer ufw<\/code> y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse, \u00f6ncelikle y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install ufw -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Apache kurulumu, ufw<\/code> i\u00e7in \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f bir uygulama profili ekler. Bu profiller, Apache i\u00e7in gerekli portlar\u0131 (HTTP i\u00e7in 80, HTTPS i\u00e7in 443) kolayca a\u00e7man\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Mevcut Apache ufw<\/code> profillerini listelemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw app list<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki profilleri g\u00f6rmelisiniz:<\/p>\n
Available applications:\n  Apache\n  Apache Full\n  Apache Secure\n  OpenSSH<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Apache:<\/strong> Sadece HTTP (port 80) trafi\u011fine izin verir.
\n*   Apache Full:<\/strong> Hem HTTP (port 80) hem de HTTPS (port 443) trafi\u011fine izin verir.
\n*   Apache Secure:<\/strong> Sadece HTTPS (port 443) trafi\u011fine izin verir.<\/p>\n
Web sitenizi hem HTTP hem de HTTPS \u00fczerinden sunmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorsan\u0131z, Apache Full<\/code> profilini etkinle\u015ftirmelisiniz. \u015eimdilik sadece HTTP kullanacaksan\u0131z Apache<\/code> profilini se\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Apache Full<\/code> profilini etkinle\u015ftirelim:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirin (e\u011fer daha \u00f6nce etkin de\u011filse). Bu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda SSH ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kopmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir uyar\u0131 alabilirsiniz. y<\/code> ile onaylay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n etkin olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da Apache Full<\/code> profiline izin verildi\u011fini g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Art\u0131k web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan sunucunuzun IP adresine eri\u015fti\u011finizde varsay\u0131lan Apache sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n
Apache Servisini Y\u00f6netme<\/h4>\n
Apache servisini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in systemctl<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
*   Apache’yi durdurma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Apache’yi ba\u015flatma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flatma (yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinden sonra):<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Apache’yi yeniden y\u00fckleme (yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fikliklerini uygulamak i\u00e7in, servisi kapatmadan):<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Apache’nin sistem a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 engelleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl disable apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Apache’nin sistem a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flama:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ek Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar ve Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Apache’yi kurdunuz ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r duruma getirdiniz. \u015eimdi, web sitelerinizi bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ek yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 ve pratik bilgileri inceleyelim.<\/p>\n
Varsay\u0131lan Web Dizini ve \u0130lk Web Sayfan\u0131z<\/h4>\n
Apache’nin varsay\u0131lan web k\u00f6k dizini \/var\/www\/html<\/code> konumundad\u0131r. Bu dizin i\u00e7indeki index.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131, sunucunuzun IP adresine veya alan ad\u0131na eri\u015fildi\u011finde g\u00f6sterilen varsay\u0131lan sayfad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kendi web sayfan\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in bu dizine gidip index.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilirsiniz veya kendi dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 buraya y\u00fckleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek olarak, varsay\u0131lan index.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 silip kendi basit HTML dosyan\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo rm \/var\/www\/html\/index.html\nsudo nano \/var\/www\/html\/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\n
A\u00e7\u0131lan edit\u00f6re a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki HTML i\u00e7eri\u011fini yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\n\n\n    \n    Merhaba D\u00fcnya!<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n    \n    <p>Bu benim ilk web sayfam.<\/p>\n<\/body>\n<\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Kaydedip (Ctrl+O, Enter) ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (Ctrl+X). \u015eimdi taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan sunucu IP adresinize tekrar eri\u015fti\u011finizde bu yeni sayfay\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h4>Sanal Sunucular (Virtual Hosts)<\/h4>\n<p>Birden fazla web sitesini tek bir Apache sunucusunda bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in sanal sunucular (Virtual Hosts) kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu, her site i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 ve dizini olu\u015fturman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Apache’nin sanal sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 <code>\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/<\/code> dizininde bulunur ve etkinle\u015ftirilenler <code>\/etc\/apache2\/sites-enabled\/<\/code> dizinine sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131larla ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yeni bir sanal sunucu olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<p>1.  <strong>Dizin olu\u015fturun:<\/strong> Web sitenizin dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 tutacak bir dizin olu\u015fturun. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code>example.com<\/code> i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo mkdir -p \/var\/www\/example.com\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>2.  <strong>\u0130zinleri ayarlay\u0131n:<\/strong> Web sunucusunun bu dizine eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in uygun izinleri verin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo chown -R $USER:$USER \/var\/www\/example.com\/html\n    sudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>3.  <strong>\u00d6rnek bir <code>index.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/var\/www\/example.com\/html\/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    \u0130\u00e7ine basit bir HTML i\u00e7eri\u011fi ekleyin:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-html\"><!DOCTYPE html>\n    <html lang=\"tr\">\n    <head>\n        <meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n        <title>Example.com<\/title>\n    <\/head>\n    <body>\n        \n        <p>Bu sanal sunucu ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n    <\/body>\n    <\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>4.  <strong>Sanal sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturun:<\/strong> Varsay\u0131lan yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kopyalayarak ba\u015flayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo cp \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/000-default.conf \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/example.com.conf\n    sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/example.com.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    Dosyay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi d\u00fczenleyin (alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve dizin yollar\u0131n\u0131 kendi bilgilerinizle de\u011fi\u015ftirin):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-apache\"><VirtualHost *:80>\n        ServerAdmin webmaster@example.com\n        ServerName example.com\n        ServerAlias www.example.com\n        DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/example.com\/html\n\n        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n\n        <Directory \/var\/www\/example.com\/html>\n            Options Indexes FollowSymLinks\n            AllowOverride All\n            Require all granted\n        <\/Directory>\n    <\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>5.  <strong>Sanal sunucuyu etkinle\u015ftirin:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo a2ensite example.com.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>6.  <strong>Varsay\u0131lan siteyi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131n (iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131, kendi siteniz varsay\u0131lan olacaksa):<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>7.  <strong>Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rma sentaks\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apache2ctl configtest<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>    E\u011fer <code>Syntax OK<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rsan\u0131z, yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z do\u011fru demektir.<br \/>\n8.  <strong>Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Art\u0131k <code>example.com<\/code> alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sunucunuzun IP adresine y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011finizde (DNS yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 gereklidir), kendi web sitenizi g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<h4>Apache Mod\u00fclleri<\/h4>\n<p>Apache mod\u00fcler bir yap\u0131ya sahiptir. \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131z olan \u00f6zellikleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, URL yeniden yazma, SSL deste\u011fi) mod\u00fclleri etkinle\u015ftirerek ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>Mod\u00fcl etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong> <code>sudo a2enmod <mod\u00fcl_ad\u0131><\/code><br \/>\n*   <strong>Mod\u00fcl devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakma:<\/strong> <code>sudo a2dismod <mod\u00fcl_ad\u0131><\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, URL yeniden yazma mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo a2enmod rewrite\nsudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>Apache Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyalar\u0131<\/h4>\n<p>Apache’nin ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 ve dizinleri \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>*   <code>\/etc\/apache2\/apache2.conf<\/code>: Ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131.<br \/>\n*   <code>\/etc\/apache2\/ports.conf<\/code>: Apache’nin hangi portlar\u0131 dinleyece\u011fini tan\u0131mlar.<br \/>\n*   <code>\/etc\/apache2\/conf-available\/<\/code>: Ek yap\u0131land\u0131rma par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. <code>a2enconf<\/code> ve <code>a2disconf<\/code> ile etkinle\u015ftirilir\/devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n*   <code>\/etc\/apache2\/mods-available\/<\/code>: Mod\u00fcl yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. <code>a2enmod<\/code> ve <code>a2dismod<\/code> ile etkinle\u015ftirilir\/devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n*   <code>\/var\/log\/apache2\/<\/code>: Apache’nin eri\u015fim ve hata g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin bulundu\u011fu dizin.<\/p>\n<p>Bu rehber, Debian 10 \u00fczerine Apache web sunucusunu kurma ve temel yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar\u0131 yapma konusunda size yol g\u00f6stermi\u015ftir. Art\u0131k kendi web sitelerinizi bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir platforma sahipsiniz. Daha ileri seviye yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar (SSL\/TLS, performans optimizasyonlar\u0131, PHP, veritaban\u0131 entegrasyonu vb.) i\u00e7in Apache dok\u00fcmantasyonunu inceleyebilir veya ilgili rehberleri takip edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. Apache’nin varsay\u0131lan portu nedir?<\/strong><br \/>\nApache, HTTP trafi\u011fi i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan olarak 80 numaral\u0131 portu, HTTPS (g\u00fcvenli) trafi\u011fi i\u00e7in ise 443 numaral\u0131 portu kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. Taray\u0131c\u0131mdan sunucu IP adresine eri\u015femiyorum, neden?<\/strong><br \/>\nBunun birka\u00e7 nedeni olabilir:<br \/>\n*   <strong>G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131:<\/strong> <code>ufw<\/code> veya ba\u015fka bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131, 80 veya 443 numaral\u0131 portlara eri\u015fimi engelliyor olabilir. <code>sudo ufw status<\/code> komutuyla kontrol edin ve gerekli portlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n (<code>sudo ufw allow 'Apache Full'<\/code>).<br \/>\n*   <strong>Apache Servisi \u00c7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor:<\/strong> <code>sudo systemctl status apache2<\/code> komutuyla Apache servisinin durumunu kontrol edin. <code>active (running)<\/code> de\u011filse, <code>sudo systemctl start apache2<\/code> ile ba\u015flat\u0131n.<br \/>\n*   <strong>Yanl\u0131\u015f IP Adresi:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun do\u011fru IP adresini kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<br \/>\n*   <strong>A\u011f Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Birden fazla web sitesini tek bir Apache sunucusunda nas\u0131l bar\u0131nd\u0131rabilirim?<\/strong><br \/>\nBu i\u015flem, “Sanal Sunucular” (Virtual Hosts) kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Her web sitesi i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturur ve bu dosyalar\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirirsiniz. Rehberin “Sanal Sunucular” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bakabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Apache log dosyalar\u0131 nerede bulunur?<\/strong><br \/>\nApache’nin eri\u015fim (access) ve hata (error) g\u00fcnl\u00fckleri genellikle <code>\/var\/log\/apache2\/<\/code> dizininde bulunur. Bu loglar, web sitenizdeki sorunlar\u0131 gidermek ve trafik analizi yapmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Apache kurulumu ne kadar g\u00fcvenlidir?<\/strong><br \/>\nApache, iyi yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ve d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncellendi\u011finde olduk\u00e7a g\u00fcvenli bir web sunucusudur. Ancak, herhangi bir sunucu yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda oldu\u011fu gibi, g\u00fcncel tutmak, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kullanmak, gereksiz mod\u00fclleri devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak ve g\u00fcvenlik en iyi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6zellikle SSL\/TLS (HTTPS) kullanmak, veri ileti\u015fimini \u015fifreleyerek g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Debian 10 \u00dczerine Apache Web Sunucusunun Kurulumu\nDebian 10 (Buster) sunucunuzda g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir web sunucusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak istiyorsan\u0131z,","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-32716","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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