{"id":32700,"date":"2025-10-25T00:40:55","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T21:40:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=32700"},"modified":"2025-10-25T00:40:55","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T21:40:55","slug":"ubuntu-12-04-vps-uzerine-rethinkdb-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-12-04-vps-uzerine-rethinkdb-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 12.04 VPS \u00dczerine RethinkDB Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 12.04 VPS \u00dczerine RethinkDB Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Ubuntu 12.04 Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucu (VPS) \u00fczerine RethinkDB kurmak ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmak, belirli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ve dikkat edilmesi gereken \u00f6nemli noktalar\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. RethinkDB, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 uygulamalar i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131, da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k bir NoSQL veritaban\u0131d\u0131r. Verileri JSON belgeleri olarak depolar ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, zincirlenebilir bir sorgu dili olan ReQL’i sunar. Ancak, bu makalede ele alaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z Ubuntu 12.04’\u00fcn (Precise Pangolin) uzun zaman \u00f6nce kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sonuna (End-of-Life – EOL) ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve dolay\u0131s\u0131yla g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri almad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmek kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r. Bu, \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmamas\u0131n\u0131 \u015fiddetle tavsiye etti\u011fimiz anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu rehber, \u00f6zellikle bu eski ortamda kurulumun nas\u0131l yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermek amac\u0131yla yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ve \u00f6\u011frenme veya eski sistemleri koruma senaryolar\u0131 i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n

RethinkDB ve Ubuntu 12.04 Hakk\u0131nda Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

RethinkDB, veritaban\u0131 d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda “push” mimarisiyle \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kar. Geleneksel veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131n aksine, RethinkDB uygulamalar\u0131n veritaban\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrekli sorgulamas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmek yerine, veriler de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde uygulamalara otomatik olarak bildirim g\u00f6nderir. Bu \u00f6zellik, ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 sohbet uygulamalar\u0131, i\u015fbirli\u011fi ara\u00e7lar\u0131, oyunlar ve anl\u0131k bildirim sistemleri gibi uygulamalar i\u00e7in idealdir. Veritaban\u0131, yatay \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik, y\u00fcksek kullan\u0131labilirlik ve kolay k\u00fcmeleme yetenekleri sunar.<\/p>\n

Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Uzun S\u00fcreli Destek) s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc ve ana destek s\u00fcresi Nisan 2017’de sona erdi. Bu tarihten sonra g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131 veya yaz\u0131l\u0131m g\u00fcncellemeleri almamaktad\u0131r. Bu durum, 12.04 \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan herhangi bir sistemin ciddi g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu makaledeki ad\u0131mlar, teorik olarak bir RethinkDB kurulumunu nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011finizi g\u00f6sterse de, modern bir i\u015fletim sistemi (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Ubuntu’nun daha yeni LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri) kullanmak her zaman tercih edilmelidir. Eski bir sistem \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak zorunda kal\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bile, bu t\u00fcr bir kurulumun yaln\u0131zca izole edilmi\u015f, \u00fcretim d\u0131\u015f\u0131 ortamlarda yap\u0131lmas\u0131 veya \u00e7ok \u00f6zel ve kontroll\u00fc senaryolar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6nko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n

RethinkDB kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nko\u015fullara sahip oldu\u011funuzdan emin olun:<\/p>\n

* Ubuntu 12.04 \u00c7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ran Bir VPS:<\/strong> Bu makale, \u00f6zellikle bu i\u015fletim sistemini hedef almaktad\u0131r.
\n* Root veya Sudo Yetkilerine Sahip Bir Kullan\u0131c\u0131:<\/strong> Kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7in sistem genelinde de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapma yetene\u011fi gereklidir.
\n* Temel Linux Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Bilgisi:<\/strong> apt-get<\/code>, nano<\/code> veya vim<\/code> gibi temel komutlar\u0131 kullanabilme yetene\u011fi faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.
\n* \u0130nternet Ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/strong> RethinkDB paketlerini indirmek i\u00e7in sunucunuzun internete eri\u015fimi olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* SSH Eri\u015fimi:<\/strong> VPS’inize g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in SSH istemcisi kullanman\u0131z gerekecektir.<\/p>\n

Sistemi G\u00fcncelleme<\/h3>\n

Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin paket listelerini g\u00fcncellemek ve mevcut paketleri y\u00fckseltmek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, potansiyel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye ve en son g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131na (e\u011fer varsa ve 12.04 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131ysa) sahip olman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Paket Listelerini G\u00fcncelleme<\/h4>\n

VPS’inize SSH ile ba\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak paket listelerinizi g\u00fcncelleyin:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, sisteminizin depolar\u0131ndaki paket bilgilerini yeniler. Ubuntu 12.04 i\u00e7in bu i\u015flem, genellikle archive.ubuntu.com<\/code> veya old-releases.ubuntu.com<\/code> gibi eski paket depolar\u0131na y\u00f6nlendirilecektir.<\/p>\n
Mevcut Paketleri Y\u00fckseltme<\/h4>\n
Paket listeleri g\u00fcncellendikten sonra, sisteminizdeki y\u00fckl\u00fc paketleri en yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
-y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 vermeyi sa\u011flar. Bu ad\u0131m, RethinkDB’nin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 olabilece\u011fi temel sistem k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinin g\u00fcncel olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ancak, 12.04 i\u00e7in bu “g\u00fcncel” terimi, sistemin desteklendi\u011fi d\u00f6nemdeki en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri ifade eder, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz standartlar\u0131na g\u00f6re de\u011fil.<\/p>\n
RethinkDB Deposunu Ekleme<\/h3>\n
RethinkDB’yi Ubuntu 12.04’e kurman\u0131n en kolay yolu, resmi RethinkDB APT deposunu kullanmakt\u0131r. RethinkDB’nin resmi deposu, \u00e7e\u015fitli Ubuntu s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri i\u00e7in paketler sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 12.04 i\u00e7in de uygun paketler muhtemelen ar\u015fivlenmi\u015f depolarda mevcuttur.<\/p>\n
Gerekli Anahtar\u0131 Ekleme<\/h4>\n
Depodan paketleri g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde indirebilmek i\u00e7in RethinkDB’nin GPG anahtar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize eklemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp:\/\/keys.gnupg.net --recv-keys 42F3E95A2C4A08EE<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, RethinkDB deposunun imzalar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan genel anahtar\u0131 al\u0131r ve sisteminize ekler. hkp:\/\/keys.gnupg.net<\/code> adresi, anahtar sunucular\u0131ndan biridir. E\u011fer bu komut bir proxy arkas\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa veya a\u011f sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fan\u0131yorsa, farkl\u0131 bir anahtar sunucusu denemeniz gerekebilir veya anahtar\u0131 bir dosyadan manuel olarak eklemeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
RethinkDB Deposunu sources.list.d<\/code>‘ye Ekleme<\/h4>\n
\u015eimdi, RethinkDB deposunu sisteminizin paket kaynaklar\u0131na eklemelisiniz. Ubuntu 12.04 (Precise Pangolin) i\u00e7in do\u011fru depo sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir:<\/p>\n
echo \"deb http:\/\/download.rethinkdb.com\/apt precise main\" | sudo tee \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/rethinkdb.list<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/rethinkdb.list<\/code> ad\u0131nda yeni bir dosya olu\u015fturur ve i\u00e7ine RethinkDB deposunun adresini yazar. precise<\/code> ifadesi, Ubuntu 12.04’\u00fcn kod ad\u0131d\u0131r. main<\/code> ise deponun ana b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir.<\/p>\n
Depo eklendikten sonra, sisteminizin yeni depoyu tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in paket listelerini tekrar g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu g\u00fcncelleme, RethinkDB paketlerinin art\u0131k apt<\/code> taraf\u0131ndan eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011funu do\u011frular.<\/p>\n
RethinkDB Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Depo ba\u015far\u0131yla eklendi ve paket listeleri g\u00fcncellendi. Art\u0131k RethinkDB’yi kurmaya haz\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
RethinkDB Paketini Kurma<\/h4>\n
RethinkDB’yi kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install rethinkdb -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, RethinkDB sunucusunu ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize y\u00fckleyecektir. Kurulum tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, RethinkDB servisi genellikle otomatik olarak ba\u015flat\u0131lmaz; manuel olarak ba\u015flatman\u0131z veya yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
Kurulumu Do\u011frulama<\/h4>\n
Kurulumun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in RethinkDB s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
rethinkdb --version<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, y\u00fckl\u00fc RethinkDB s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermelidir. Ayr\u0131ca, which rethinkdb<\/code> komutu, RethinkDB y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclebilir dosyas\u0131n\u0131n nerede bulundu\u011funu size s\u00f6yleyecektir (genellikle \/usr\/bin\/rethinkdb<\/code>).<\/p>\n
RethinkDB Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
RethinkDB, varsay\u0131lan ayarlar\u0131yla \u00e7o\u011fu durumda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir, ancak \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131 veya \u00f6zel senaryolar i\u00e7in yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeler yapmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
RethinkDB Servisini Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
RethinkDB’yi manuel olarak ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in basit\u00e7e rethinkdb<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
rethinkdb<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ancak bu, RethinkDB’yi \u00f6n planda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve SSH oturumunuz kapand\u0131\u011f\u0131nda durur. Arka planda bir servis olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in init.d<\/code> beti\u011fini kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n
sudo service rethinkdb start<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, RethinkDB servisini ba\u015flat\u0131r. Servisin durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo service rethinkdb status<\/code><\/pre>\n
Servisin sistem a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo update-rc.d rethinkdb defaults<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, RethinkDB servisinin sistemin \u00f6ny\u00fckleme s\u0131ras\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
RethinkDB Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131<\/h4>\n
RethinkDB’nin ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 genellikle \/etc\/rethinkdb\/default.conf<\/code> konumunda bulunur. Bu dosya, RethinkDB’nin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden \u00e7e\u015fitli se\u00e7enekleri i\u00e7erir. Bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek RethinkDB’nin dinleyece\u011fi IP adresini, portlar\u0131, veri dizinini, log dosyas\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fcmeleme ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in favori metin d\u00fczenleyicinizi kullan\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, nano<\/code> veya vim<\/code>):<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/rethinkdb\/default.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli yap\u0131land\u0131rma se\u00e7enekleri:<\/p>\n
*   bind=all<\/code> veya bind=IP_ADRESI<\/code><\/strong>: RethinkDB’nin hangi a\u011f aray\u00fczlerinde dinleyece\u011fini belirler. all<\/code> olarak ayarlamak, t\u00fcm mevcut IP adreslerinde (hem yerel hem de harici) dinlemesini sa\u011flar. Bu, geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in uygun olsa da, \u00fcretimde g\u00fcvenlik riski olu\u015fturabilir. Yaln\u0131zca belirli bir IP adresinde (\u00f6rne\u011fin, i\u00e7 a\u011f IP’si) dinlemesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in bind=192.168.1.100<\/code> gibi bir de\u011fer kullan\u0131n.
\n*   driver-port=28015<\/code><\/strong>: Uygulama s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerinin RethinkDB’ye ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 port.
\n*   cluster-port=29015<\/code><\/strong>: RethinkDB d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin birbiriyle ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 port.
\n*   http-port=8080<\/code><\/strong>: RethinkDB y\u00f6netim web aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn (Web UI) dinledi\u011fi port.
\n*   directory=\/var\/lib\/rethinkdb\/default<\/code><\/strong>: RethinkDB’nin verilerini depolad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dizin. Bu dizinin yeterli disk alan\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   log-file=\/var\/log\/rethinkdb<\/code><\/strong>: RethinkDB’nin log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 yer.<\/p>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131ktan sonra, RethinkDB servisini yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo service rethinkdb restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
RethinkDB Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Eri\u015fim<\/h4>\n
RethinkDB, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 izlemenize ve y\u00f6netmenize olanak tan\u0131yan kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir web aray\u00fcz\u00fc ile birlikte gelir. Varsay\u0131lan olarak 8080 portunda dinler. Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan VPS’inizin IP adresi ve 8080 portunu kullanarak eri\u015febilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/VPS_IP_ADRESI:8080<\/code><\/p>\n
E\u011fer web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015femiyorsan\u0131z, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol etmeniz gerekebilir (a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00fcvenlik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bak\u0131n) veya bind<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f Yap\u0131land\u0131rma: K\u00fcmeleme<\/h3>\n
RethinkDB’nin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, veritaban\u0131n\u0131 birden \u00e7ok sunucuya da\u011f\u0131tarak yatay \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve y\u00fcksek kullan\u0131labilirlik sa\u011flamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcmeleme Temelleri<\/h4>\n
RethinkDB k\u00fcmesi, birbirine ba\u011fl\u0131 birden \u00e7ok RethinkDB d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcnden olu\u015fur. Bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlere ba\u011flanarak k\u00fcmeye kat\u0131l\u0131r. Veriler, k\u00fcmedeki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131nda par\u00e7alara ayr\u0131l\u0131r (sharding) ve \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131l\u0131r (replication).<\/p>\n
K\u00fcme Olu\u015fturma ve D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm Ekleme<\/h4>\n
Bir RethinkDB k\u00fcmesi olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in en az iki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z vard\u0131r. Diyelim ki iki VPS’iniz var: VPS1_IP<\/code> ve VPS2_IP<\/code>.<\/p>\n
VPS1 (\u0130lk D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm):<\/strong>
\n\u0130lk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015flat\u0131rken herhangi bir \u00f6zel --join<\/code> arg\u00fcman\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z yoktur, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm k\u00fcmenin \u00e7ekirde\u011fi olacakt\u0131r. Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda bind<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131 all<\/code> veya VPS1_IP<\/code> olarak ayarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.<\/p>\n
sudo service rethinkdb start<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya manuel olarak:<\/p>\n
rethinkdb --bind all --directory \/var\/lib\/rethinkdb\/node1 --log-file \/var\/log\/rethinkdb\/node1.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
VPS2 (\u0130kinci D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm):<\/strong>
\n\u0130kinci d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fc ba\u015flat\u0131rken, ilk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme --join<\/code> arg\u00fcman\u0131 ile ba\u011flanman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
rethinkdb --bind all --directory \/var\/lib\/rethinkdb\/node2 --log-file \/var\/log\/rethinkdb\/node2.log --join VPS1_IP:29015<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda (\u00f6rne\u011fin \/etc\/rethinkdb\/default.conf<\/code>):<\/p>\n
# \/etc\/rethinkdb\/default.conf\nbind=all\ndirectory=\/var\/lib\/rethinkdb\/node2\nlog-file=\/var\/log\/rethinkdb\/node2.log\njoin=VPS1_IP:29015<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan servisi ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo service rethinkdb start<\/code><\/pre>\n
--join<\/code> arg\u00fcman\u0131, d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn hangi RethinkDB k\u00fcmesine kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. VPS1_IP<\/code> yerine ilk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek IP adresini kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. 29015<\/code> varsay\u0131lan k\u00fcmeleme portudur. \u0130kinci d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, ilk d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne (VPS1_IP:8080) giderek her iki d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fcn de k\u00fcmede g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc do\u011frulayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 takip ederek k\u00fcmenize daha fazla d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm ekleyebilirsiniz. Her yeni d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm, mevcut bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcme --join<\/code> arg\u00fcman\u0131 ile ba\u011flanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Hususlar\u0131 (\u00d6zellikle Ubuntu 12.04 \u0130\u00e7in Kritik)<\/h3>\n
Ubuntu 12.04’\u00fcn kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc sona ermi\u015f oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 konusunda son derece dikkatli olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Bu sistemde RethinkDB \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, ciddi riskler ta\u015f\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri, riskleri azaltmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir, ancak EOL bir i\u015fletim sisteminin do\u011fas\u0131nda olan riskleri tamamen ortadan kald\u0131ramaz.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (UFW)<\/h4>\n
Ubuntu 12.04’te UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) genellikle varsay\u0131lan olarak bulunur. RethinkDB portlar\u0131na yaln\u0131zca gerekli eri\u015fimi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in UFW’yi yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
UFW’yi Etkinle\u015ftirme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\n
Varsay\u0131lan Politikalar\u0131 Ayarlama:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw default deny incoming\nsudo ufw default allow outgoing<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, varsay\u0131lan olarak gelen t\u00fcm ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 reddeder ve giden t\u00fcm ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin verir.<\/p>\n
SSH Eri\u015fimi \u0130\u00e7in Kural Ekleme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow ssh\n
Veya belirli bir port kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z:<\/h2>\n
sudo ufw allow 22\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/h2>\n
RethinkDB Portlar\u0131na \u0130zin Verme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
*   Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fc (8080):<\/strong> Yaln\u0131zca belirli bir IP adresinden veya dahili a\u011fdan eri\u015fim izni vermek en g\u00fcvenlisidir.<\/p>\n
# Sadece belirli bir IP'den eri\u015fime izin ver\n    sudo ufw allow from ISTEMCI_IP to any port 8080\n    # Veya dahili a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan eri\u015fime izin ver (\u00f6rne\u011fin 192.168.1.0\/24)\n    # sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0\/24 to any port 8080<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015fim sa\u011flamak zorundaysan\u0131z ve bind=all<\/code> kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bu \u00e7ok riskli olabilir.<\/p>\n
*   S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc Portu (28015):<\/strong> Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n RethinkDB’ye ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131 port. Yaln\u0131zca uygulama sunucular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n IP adreslerinden eri\u015fime izin verin.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow from UYGULAMA_SUNUCUSU_IP to any port 28015<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   K\u00fcmeleme Portu (29015):<\/strong> Di\u011fer RethinkDB d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerinin ileti\u015fim kuraca\u011f\u0131 port. Yaln\u0131zca k\u00fcmedeki di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin IP adreslerinden eri\u015fime izin verin.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow from DIGER_RDB_DUGUMU_IP to any port 29015<\/code><\/pre>\n
UFW Durumunu Kontrol Etme:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo ufw status verbose<\/code><\/pre>\n
RethinkDB Ba\u011flama Ayarlar\u0131 (bind<\/code> Konfig\u00fcrasyonu)<\/h4>\n
default.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki bind<\/code> ayar\u0131 \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. D\u0131\u015f d\u00fcnyaya a\u00e7\u0131k bir sunucuda bind=all<\/code> kullanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z. Bunun yerine, RethinkDB’nin yaln\u0131zca yerel a\u011f IP adreslerinde veya belirli bir \u00f6zel IP adresinde dinlemesini sa\u011flay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
*   Sadece Yerel Ba\u011flant\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n
bind=127.0.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu, RethinkDB’ye yaln\u0131zca ayn\u0131 sunucu \u00fczerindeki uygulamalar\u0131n eri\u015febilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
*   Belirli Bir Dahili IP \u0130\u00e7in:<\/strong><\/p>\n
bind=192.168.1.100<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu, yaln\u0131zca 192.168.1.100<\/code> IP adresinden gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul eder. E\u011fer RethinkDB’ye d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015filmesi gerekiyorsa, bunu bir ters proxy (Nginx gibi) veya SSH t\u00fcnelleme \u00fczerinden yapmak, portlar\u0131 do\u011frudan a\u00e7maktan daha g\u00fcvenlidir.<\/p>\n
Kimlik Do\u011frulama<\/h4>\n
RethinkDB’nin eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde (Ubuntu 12.04’e kurulabilecek versiyonlar dahil) yerle\u015fik kimlik do\u011frulama mekanizmalar\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131yd\u0131 veya hi\u00e7 yoktu. Daha yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmler auth-key<\/code> gibi se\u00e7enekler sunsa da, 12.04’te bu \u00f6zellik olmayabilir. Bu nedenle, RethinkDB’nin \u00f6n\u00fcne bir g\u00fcvenlik katman\u0131 eklemek (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir proxy sunucusuyla API anahtarlar\u0131 veya temel HTTP kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 kullanarak) veya yaln\u0131zca g\u00fcvenli a\u011flardan eri\u015fime izin vermek zorunludur.<\/p>\n
E\u011fer RethinkDB’nin y\u00fckl\u00fc oldu\u011fu s\u00fcr\u00fcm auth-key<\/code> \u00f6zelli\u011fini destekliyorsa, bunu default.conf<\/code> dosyan\u0131za ekleyerek bir kimlik do\u011frulama anahtar\u0131 belirleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
auth-key=guclu_ve_benzersiz_bir_anahtar<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu anahtar, s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclerin ve di\u011fer d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin k\u00fcmeye kat\u0131lmak i\u00e7in sa\u011flamas\u0131 gereken bir parola g\u00f6revi g\u00f6r\u00fcr.<\/p>\n
Ubuntu 12.04’\u00fcn EOL Olmas\u0131 Nedeniyle Risk Uyar\u0131s\u0131<\/h4>\n
Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, bu makalenin en \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131d\u0131r.<\/strong> Ubuntu 12.04, Nisan 2017’den beri g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri almamaktad\u0131r. Bu, i\u015fletim sisteminin kendisinde, \u00e7ekirde\u011finde, k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerinde ve di\u011fer sistem servislerinde ke\u015ffedilen t\u00fcm<\/em> g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n yamalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu t\u00fcr bir sistemde RethinkDB veya ba\u015fka herhangi bir veritaban\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak, verilerinizin ve uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n ciddi g\u00fcvenlik ihlallerine kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z kalmas\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\n
*   Veri \u0130hlalleri:<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131n\u0131zdaki hassas veriler yetkisiz eri\u015fime maruz kalabilir.
\n*   Sistem Ele Ge\u00e7irme:<\/strong> Sald\u0131rganlar, EOL bir i\u015fletim sistemindeki zay\u0131fl\u0131klardan yararlanarak sunucunuzun kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc ele ge\u00e7irebilir.
\n*   DDoS Sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucunuz, di\u011fer sistemlere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131larda kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
Bu nedenlerle, Ubuntu 12.04 \u00fczerinde RethinkDB’yi (veya herhangi bir \u00fcretim uygulamas\u0131n\u0131) \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaktan \u015fiddetle ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/strong>. Bu makale yaln\u0131zca e\u011fitimsel ama\u00e7l\u0131d\u0131r veya \u00e7ok \u00f6zel, izole edilmi\u015f ve riskleri tam olarak anla\u015f\u0131lan senaryolar i\u00e7in bir rehber niteli\u011findedir. \u00dcretim ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in her zaman g\u00fcncel ve desteklenen bir i\u015fletim sistemi (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Ubuntu 20.04 LTS veya 22.04 LTS) kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
RethinkDB Kullan\u0131m\u0131 (Temel Etkile\u015fim)<\/h3>\n
RethinkDB kurulduktan ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra, onunla etkile\u015fime ge\u00e7menin birka\u00e7 yolu vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n
RethinkDB CLI (Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Aray\u00fcz\u00fc)<\/h4>\n
RethinkDB, veritaban\u0131yla etkile\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in bir Python tabanl\u0131 CLI (Komut Sat\u0131r\u0131 Aray\u00fcz\u00fc) arac\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu ara\u00e7 genellikle RethinkDB paketiyle birlikte gelir veya ayr\u0131 olarak kurulabilir.<\/p>\n
rethinkdb-cli<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, bir ReQL kabu\u011fu ba\u015flat\u0131r ve do\u011frudan sorgu yazman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n
r.db('test').table('users').insert({'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}).run()\nr.db('test').table('users').run()<\/code><\/pre>\n
Uygulama S\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri<\/h4>\n
RethinkDB, bir\u00e7ok pop\u00fcler programlama dili i\u00e7in resmi ve topluluk taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fclere sahiptir (Python, JavaScript, Ruby, Java, Go vb.). Uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131zdan RethinkDB’ye ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in bu s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcleri kullan\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Ba\u011flant\u0131 kodu, genellikle RethinkDB sunucusunun IP adresini ve s\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc portunu (varsay\u0131lan 28015) belirtmeyi i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek Python ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131:<\/p>\n
import rethinkdb as r\n\nconn = r.connect('localhost', 28015).run() # 'localhost' yerine RethinkDB IP adresi\n
Sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 burada \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/h2>\n
Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n
Kurulum veya yap\u0131land\u0131rma s\u0131ras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
*   Depo Anahtar\u0131 Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> sudo apt-key adv<\/code> komutu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olursa, a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 veya proxy ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin. Alternatif olarak, anahtar\u0131 manuel olarak indirip eklemeyi deneyebilirsiniz.
\n*   Paket Bulunamad\u0131 Hatas\u0131:<\/strong> apt-get install rethinkdb<\/code> komutu paketi bulamazsa, sources.list.d\/rethinkdb.list<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki depo adresinin do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan ve sudo apt-get update<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun. precise<\/code> yerine yanl\u0131\u015f bir Ubuntu kod ad\u0131 kullanm\u0131\u015f olabilirsiniz.
\n*   Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Eri\u015filemiyor:<\/strong>
\n    *   RethinkDB servisinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun (sudo service rethinkdb status<\/code>).
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n (UFW) 8080 portuna gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lara izin verdi\u011finden emin olun.
\n    *   RethinkDB yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131ndaki (default.conf<\/code>) bind<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru oldu\u011fundan (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bind=all<\/code> veya VPS’inizin genel IP’si) emin olun.
\n*   RethinkDB Ba\u015flat\u0131lam\u0131yor:<\/strong>
\n    *   Log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin (\/var\/log\/rethinkdb<\/code> veya default.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda belirtilen konum).
\n    *   Yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda s\u00f6zdizimi hatalar\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.
\n    *   directory<\/code> ayar\u0131nda belirtilen veri dizininin mevcut oldu\u011fundan ve RethinkDB kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n (genellikle rethinkdb<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131) bu dizine yazma izni oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n*   K\u00fcmeleme Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong>
\n    *   D\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmler aras\u0131ndaki a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve k\u00fcmeleme portlar\u0131n\u0131n (29015) g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan engellenmedi\u011fini kontrol edin.
\n    *   --join<\/code> arg\u00fcman\u0131nda veya yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131ndaki join<\/code> ayar\u0131nda do\u011fru IP adresi ve portu kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.
\n    *   T\u00fcm d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerin ayn\u0131 RethinkDB s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu makale, Ubuntu 12.04 Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucu \u00fczerine RethinkDB’nin nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. RethinkDB’nin g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 yetenekleri ve yatay \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik \u00f6zellikleri, onu modern web uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in cazip bir se\u00e7enek haline getirmektedir. Ancak, bu rehberin en kritik noktas\u0131, Ubuntu 12.04’\u00fcn kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn sona ermi\u015f (EOL) olmas\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenlik g\u00fcncellemeleri almamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Bu durum, bu i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde RethinkDB veya ba\u015fka herhangi bir veritaban\u0131n\u0131 \u00fcretim ortamlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ciddi g\u00fcvenlik riskleri ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu makaledeki bilgiler yaln\u0131zca e\u011fitim ama\u00e7l\u0131 veya \u00e7ok \u00f6zel, izole edilmi\u015f ve riskleri tam olarak y\u00f6netilen senaryolar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Her zaman g\u00fcncel ve desteklenen bir i\u015fletim sistemi s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Ubuntu’nun en son LTS s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri) kullanmak, hem g\u00fcvenlik hem de performans a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan en iyi uygulamad\u0131r. E\u011fer bu eski bir sistemi modernize etme veya ta\u015f\u0131ma s\u00fcrecindeyseniz, bu kurulumu ge\u00e7ici bir ad\u0131m olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcp en k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede daha modern ve g\u00fcvenli bir platforma ge\u00e7i\u015f yapman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 12.04 VPS \u00dczerine RethinkDB Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131\nUbuntu 12.04 Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucu (VPS) \u00fczerine RethinkDB kurmak ve yap\u0131land\u0131rmak,","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-32700","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 12.04 VPS \u00dczerine RethinkDB Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 - 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