{"id":32130,"date":"2025-10-18T03:41:34","date_gmt":"2025-10-18T00:41:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=32130"},"modified":"2025-10-18T03:41:34","modified_gmt":"2025-10-18T00:41:34","slug":"giris-php-bagimlilik-yonetiminde-composerin-onemi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/giris-php-bagimlilik-yonetiminde-composerin-onemi\/","title":{"rendered":"Giri\u015f: PHP Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Y\u00f6netiminde Composer’\u0131n \u00d6nemi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Giri\u015f: PHP Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Y\u00f6netiminde Composer’\u0131n \u00d6nemi<\/h2>\n

PHP geli\u015ftirme d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda modern projelerin vazge\u00e7ilmez bir arac\u0131 olan Composer, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netimini k\u00f6kten de\u011fi\u015ftiren bir paket y\u00f6neticisidir. Bir PHP projesi geli\u015ftirirken, genellikle \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf k\u00fct\u00fcphanelere ve framework’lere ihtiya\u00e7 duyar\u0131z. Bu k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerin manuel olarak indirilmesi, projenize entegre edilmesi ve g\u00fcncel tutulmas\u0131 zaman al\u0131c\u0131 ve hataya a\u00e7\u0131k bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 olabilir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada Composer devreye girerek, projenizin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 tan\u0131mlaman\u0131za, otomatik olarak indirmenize ve y\u00f6netmenize olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu rehberde, \u00f6zellikle Debian 8 (JESSIE) i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde Composer’\u0131 nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve temel d\u00fczeyde nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m anlataca\u011f\u0131z. Debian 8 her ne kadar eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm olsa da, hala baz\u0131 sistemlerde aktif olarak kullan\u0131labilmektedir ve bu rehber sayesinde Composer’\u0131 bu ortamda ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabileceksiniz. Composer sayesinde, projenizin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kolayca y\u00f6netebilir, kodunuzu daha mod\u00fcler hale getirebilir ve geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinizi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u0131zland\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Composer Kurulumu \u00d6n Gereksinimleri ve Sistemi Haz\u0131rlama<\/h2>\n

Composer’\u0131 Debian 8 sisteminize kurmadan \u00f6nce, baz\u0131 temel gereksinimleri kar\u015f\u0131laman\u0131z ve sisteminizi haz\u0131rlaman\u0131z gerekmektedir. Composer, bir PHP uygulamas\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, sunucunuzda PHP CLI (Command Line Interface) s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kurulu olmas\u0131 zorunludur. Ayr\u0131ca, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 indirmek ve y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 ek ara\u00e7lara da ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z olacak.<\/p>\n

Sistem G\u00fcncelleme ve Temel Paketlerin Kurulumu<\/h3>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, sisteminizin paket listesini g\u00fcncelleyelim ve kurulu paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltelim. Bu i\u015flem, olas\u0131 uyumluluk sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 gidermeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n

sudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ard\u0131ndan, Composer’\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli olan php-cli<\/code>, unzip<\/code> ve git<\/code> gibi paketleri kural\u0131m. Debian 8’de varsay\u0131lan PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc genellikle 5.6’d\u0131r ki bu Composer i\u00e7in yeterlidir.<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install php-cli unzip git -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, PHP’nin komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fc, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f dosyalar\u0131 a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in unzip<\/code> arac\u0131n\u0131 ve versiyon kontrol sistemi olan git<\/code>‘i kuracakt\u0131r. Git, Composer’\u0131n baz\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011frudan Git depolar\u0131ndan indirmesi gerekti\u011finde kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
PHP Ayarlar\u0131 (Opsiyonel ama \u00d6nemli)<\/h3>\n
Composer’\u0131n bazen b\u00fcy\u00fck projelerde veya \u00e7ok say\u0131da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131kla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken belle\u011fe ihtiyac\u0131 olabilir. Varsay\u0131lan PHP bellek limitleri bazen yetersiz kalabilir. Bu durumu \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda memory_limit<\/code> de\u011ferini art\u0131rman\u0131z faydal\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
PHP CLI i\u00e7in php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n konumu genellikle \/etc\/php\/5.6\/cli\/php.ini<\/code> \u015feklindedir (Debian 8’de varsay\u0131lan PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc 5.6 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in). Bu dosyay\u0131 bir metin d\u00fczenleyici ile a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/php\/5.6\/cli\/php.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosya i\u00e7inde memory_limit<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 bulun ve de\u011ferini \u00f6rne\u011fin 512M<\/code> veya 1G<\/code> gibi daha y\u00fcksek bir de\u011fere ayarlay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
memory_limit = 512M<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi kaydedip dosyadan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Composer’\u0131 Y\u00fckleme ve Global Olarak Kullan\u0131ma Haz\u0131rlama<\/h2>\n
Sistemimiz haz\u0131r oldu\u011funa g\u00f6re, Composer’\u0131 indirip kurma i\u015flemine ge\u00e7ebiliriz. Composer, kendi kurulum script’ini kullanarak kolayca kurulabilir.<\/p>\n
Composer Kurulum Scriptini \u0130ndirme<\/h3>\n
Composer’\u0131n resmi web sitesinden kurulum script’ini indirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki PHP komutunu kullanaca\u011f\u0131z:<\/p>\n
php -r \"copy('https:\/\/getcomposer.org\/installer', 'composer-setup.php');\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, composer-setup.php<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dosyay\u0131 bulundu\u011funuz dizine indirecektir.<\/p>\n
Kurulum Scriptini Do\u011frulama (G\u00fcvenlik \u0130\u00e7in \u00d6nemli)<\/h3>\n
\u0130ndirdi\u011finiz kurulum script’inin b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini do\u011frulamak her zaman iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Composer’\u0131n web sitesinde g\u00fcncel SHA-384 do\u011frulama kodu bulunur. Bu kodu kullanarak indirdi\u011finiz dosyan\u0131n de\u011fi\u015ftirilmedi\u011finden emin olabilirsiniz. G\u00fcncel do\u011frulama kodunu https:\/\/composer.org\/download adresinden alabilirsiniz. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutta AKT\u00dcEL_SHA384_KODU<\/code> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncel kod ile de\u011fi\u015ftirmeniz gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n
php -r \"if (hash_file('SHA384', 'composer-setup.php') === 'AKT\u00dcEL_SHA384_KODU') { echo 'Installer verified'; } else { echo 'Installer corrupt'; unlink('composer-setup.php'); } echo PHP_EOL;\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer “Installer verified” mesaj\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131rsan\u0131z, dosya g\u00fcvenlidir. Aksi takdirde, scripti silip tekrar indirmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
Composer’\u0131 Kurma<\/h3>\n
Do\u011frulama i\u015fleminden sonra, kurulum script’ini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak Composer’\u0131 kurabiliriz:<\/p>\n
php composer-setup.php<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, bulundu\u011funuz dizine composer.phar<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dosya olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r. Bu dosya, Composer’\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir “PHAR” (PHP Archive) format\u0131ndaki halidir. Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, kurulum script’ini silebiliriz:<\/p>\n
php -r \"unlink('composer-setup.php');\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
Composer’\u0131 Global Olarak Eri\u015filebilir Hale Getirme<\/h3>\n
Her seferinde php composer.phar<\/code> yazmak yerine, sadece composer<\/code> komutunu kullanarak Composer’\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00e7ok daha pratiktir. Bunun i\u00e7in composer.phar<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 sistemin PATH’inde yer alan bir dizine ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131z. Genellikle \/usr\/local\/bin<\/code> dizini bu ama\u00e7 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r:<\/p>\n
sudo mv composer.phar \/usr\/local\/bin\/composer<\/code><\/pre>\n
Art\u0131k Composer, sisteminizde global olarak eri\u015filebilir durumdad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Kurulumu Do\u011frulama<\/h3>\n
Composer’\u0131n do\u011fru \u015fekilde kurulup kurulmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc sorgulayabiliriz:<\/p>\n
composer --version<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer kurulum ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131ysa, Composer’\u0131n s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 alacaks\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n
Composer version 1.x.x 20xx-xx-xx xx:xx:xx<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131, Composer’\u0131n Debian 8 sisteminizde ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n
Composer Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Temelleri: Proje Olu\u015fturma ve Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Y\u00f6netimi<\/h2>\n
Composer ba\u015far\u0131yla kurulduktan sonra, onu projelerinizde kullanmaya ba\u015flayabiliriz. Bir PHP projesinde Composer’\u0131 kullanman\u0131n temel ad\u0131mlar\u0131, yeni bir proje ba\u015flatmak, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k eklemek ve bu ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00f6netmektir.<\/p>\n
Yeni Bir Composer Projesi Ba\u015flatma<\/h3>\n
Yeni bir PHP projesi i\u00e7in Composer’\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flaman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n yolu, projenin k\u00f6k dizininde composer init<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Bu komut, size birka\u00e7 soru sorarak projenizin temel bilgilerini ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan composer.json<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, yeni bir proje dizini olu\u015ftural\u0131m ve i\u00e7ine girelim:<\/p>\n
mkdir my_php_project\ncd my_php_project<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi composer init<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131ral\u0131m:<\/p>\n
composer init<\/code><\/pre>\n
Composer size a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi sorular soracakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   Package name (\/) [my_php_project\/my_php_project]:<\/code> (\u00d6rn: my-vendor\/my-project<\/code>)
\n*   Description []:<\/code> (Projenizin k\u0131sa a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131)
\n*   Author [Your Name ]:<\/code> (Yazar bilgileri)
\n*   Minimum Stability []:<\/code> (Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n minimum kararl\u0131l\u0131k seviyesi, \u00f6rn: dev<\/code>, beta<\/code>, RC<\/code>, stable<\/code>. Varsay\u0131lan\u0131 bo\u015f b\u0131rakmak stable<\/code> anlam\u0131na gelir.)
\n*   License []:<\/code> (Projenizin lisans\u0131, \u00f6rn: MIT<\/code>)
\n*   Define your dependencies.<\/code>: (Bu a\u015famada ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k eklemeyi atlayabiliriz, daha sonra manuel olarak ekleyece\u011fiz.)<\/p>\n
Sorular\u0131 yan\u0131tlad\u0131ktan sonra, Composer size olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131 composer.json<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6nizlemesini g\u00f6sterecek ve onay\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 isteyecektir. Onaylad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, projenizin k\u00f6k dizininde composer.json<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015facakt\u0131r. \u00d6rnek bir composer.json<\/code> i\u00e7eri\u011fi \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir:<\/p>\n
{\n    \"name\": \"my-vendor\/my-project\",\n    \"description\": \"My first Composer project on Debian 8.\",\n    \"type\": \"project\",\n    \"license\": \"MIT\",\n    \"authors\": [\n        {\n            \"name\": \"Your Name\",\n            \"email\": \"you@example.com\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"require\": {}\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k Ekleme<\/h3>\n
composer.json<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturduktan sonra, projenize ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar ekleyebilirsiniz. Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k eklemenin en kolay yolu composer require<\/code> komutunu kullanmakt\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, pop\u00fcler bir g\u00fcnl\u00fckleme k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi olan Monolog’u projemize ekleyelim:<\/p>\n
composer require monolog\/monolog<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Monolog’un en son kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc (veya belirtilen bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc) composer.json<\/code> dosyan\u0131zdaki require<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne ekleyecek, ard\u0131ndan k\u00fct\u00fcphaneyi ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 indirip vendor<\/code> dizinine yerle\u015ftirecektir. Ayr\u0131ca, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n tam s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kilitleyen composer.lock<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 da olu\u015fturacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Komutun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
Using version ^2.x for monolog\/monolog\n.\/composer.json has been updated\nLoading composer repositories with package information\nUpdating dependencies (including require-dev)\nPackage operations: 2 installs, 0 updates, 0 removals\n  - Installing psr\/log (1.1.4): Loading from cache\n  - Installing monolog\/monolog (2.2.0): Loading from cache\nWriting lock file\nGenerating autoload files<\/code><\/pre>\n
Art\u0131k composer.json<\/code> dosyan\u0131z \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir:<\/p>\n
{\n    \"name\": \"my-vendor\/my-project\",\n    \"description\": \"My first Composer project on Debian 8.\",\n    \"type\": \"project\",\n    \"license\": \"MIT\",\n    \"authors\": [\n        {\n            \"name\": \"Your Name\",\n            \"email\": \"you@example.com\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"require\": {\n        \"monolog\/monolog\": \"^2.2\"\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ve projenizin k\u00f6k dizininde vendor<\/code> ad\u0131nda yeni bir klas\u00f6r ile composer.lock<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fmu\u015f olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 Y\u00fckleme ve G\u00fcncelleme<\/h3>\n
*   composer install<\/code><\/strong>: Bir projeyi Git gibi bir versiyon kontrol sisteminden klonlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda veya ba\u015fka bir geli\u015ftiriciden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, composer.json<\/code> ve composer.lock<\/code> dosyalar\u0131 zaten var olacakt\u0131r. Bu durumda, composer install<\/code> komutunu kullanarak projenin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 composer.lock<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda belirtilen kesin s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerle y\u00fckleyebilirsiniz. Bu, t\u00fcm geli\u015ftiricilerin ayn\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
composer install<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   composer update<\/code><\/strong>: E\u011fer composer.json<\/code> dosyan\u0131zdaki ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k tan\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdiyseniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir paketin s\u00fcr\u00fcm k\u0131s\u0131tlamas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncellediyseniz) veya ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n yeni kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini almak istiyorsan\u0131z, composer update<\/code> komutunu kullan\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Bu komut, composer.json<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki k\u0131s\u0131tlamalara uygun en yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri indirir ve composer.lock<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 buna g\u00f6re g\u00fcnceller.<\/p>\n
composer update<\/code><\/pre>\n
Otomatik Y\u00fckleme (Autoloading)<\/h3>\n
Composer’\u0131n en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerinden biri, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve hatta kendi proje s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 otomatik olarak y\u00fckleyebilmesidir. composer install<\/code> veya composer update<\/code> \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, Composer otomatik olarak vendor\/autoload.php<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir dosya olu\u015fturur. Bu dosyay\u0131 projenizin giri\u015f noktas\u0131nda (index.php<\/code> gibi) dahil ederek, require<\/code> veya include<\/code> ifadeleri kullanmadan t\u00fcm Composer ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve kendi PSR-4 uyumlu s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
pushHandler(new StreamHandler(__DIR__ . '\/app.log', Logger::WARNING));\n\n\/\/ Log mesaj\u0131 yaz\n$log->warning('Bu bir uyar\u0131 mesaj\u0131d\u0131r.');\n$log->error('Bu bir hata mesaj\u0131d\u0131r.');\n\necho \"Log dosyas\u0131na mesajlar yaz\u0131ld\u0131: app.log\\n\";\n\n?><\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu index.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda (php index.php<\/code>), Monolog k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde kullanabildi\u011finizi g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\n
Kendi s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Composer’\u0131n otomatik y\u00fckleyicisine eklemek i\u00e7in composer.json<\/code> dosyan\u0131zdaki autoload<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc kullanabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, src<\/code> dizinindeki s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 MyApp<\/code> namespace’i alt\u0131nda y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
{\n    \"name\": \"my-vendor\/my-project\",\n    \"description\": \"My first Composer project on Debian 8.\",\n    \"type\": \"project\",\n    \"license\": \"MIT\",\n    \"authors\": [\n        {\n            \"name\": \"Your Name\",\n            \"email\": \"you@example.com\"\n        }\n    ],\n    \"require\": {\n        \"monolog\/monolog\": \"^2.2\"\n    },\n    \"autoload\": {\n        \"psr-4\": {\n            \"MyApp\\\\\": \"src\/\"\n        }\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapt\u0131ktan sonra composer dump-autoload<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131z gerekir. Bu komut, otomatik y\u00fckleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
Pratik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve En \u0130yi Uygulamalar<\/h2>\n
Composer’\u0131 daha verimli ve g\u00fcvenli kullanmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 pratik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve en iyi uygulamalar bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Composer’\u0131 G\u00fcncel Tutma<\/h3>\n
Composer s\u00fcrekli olarak geli\u015ftirilmektedir. Yeni \u00f6zellikler, hata d\u00fczeltmeleri ve g\u00fcvenlik iyile\u015ftirmeleri almak i\u00e7in Composer’\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak g\u00fcncellemek \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
composer self-update<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, Composer’\u0131n kendisini en son kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcme g\u00fcncelleyecektir.<\/p>\n
Performans \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck projelerde Composer komutlar\u0131 bazen yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir. Performans\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 flag’ler kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
*   --no-dev<\/code><\/strong>: \u00dcretim ortam\u0131nda geli\u015ftirme ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 (require-dev<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki paketler) y\u00fcklemez. Bu, \u00fcretim sunucular\u0131nda daha az dosya indirilmesini ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 kurulumu sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
composer install --no-dev<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   --optimize-autoloader<\/code> veya -o<\/code><\/strong>: Otomatik y\u00fckleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 daha optimize bir \u015fekilde olu\u015fturur. \u00d6zellikle \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda, her s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n manuel olarak bulunmas\u0131 yerine, s\u0131n\u0131f haritas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nceden olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 performans\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
composer install --optimize-autoloader<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu iki flag’i bir arada kullanmak yayg\u0131n bir \u00fcretim da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m stratejisidir:<\/p>\n
composer install --no-dev --optimize-autoloader<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ortam De\u011fi\u015fkenleri<\/h3>\n
Composer’\u0131n davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli ortam de\u011fi\u015fkenleri ile \u00f6zelle\u015ftirebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
*   COMPOSER_HOME<\/code><\/strong>: Composer’\u0131n global yap\u0131land\u0131rma ve \u00f6nbellek dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131 dizini belirtir. Varsay\u0131lan olarak genellikle ~\/.composer<\/code>‘d\u0131r.
\n*   COMPOSER_MEMORY_LIMIT<\/code><\/strong>: Composer’\u0131n kullanabilece\u011fi maksimum bellek miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirler. \u00d6rne\u011fin, COMPOSER_MEMORY_LIMIT=2G composer install<\/code> ile komut ba\u015f\u0131na bellek limitini art\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
vendor<\/code> Klas\u00f6r\u00fc ve Versiyon Kontrol Sistemi<\/h3>\n
vendor<\/code> klas\u00f6r\u00fc, Composer taraf\u0131ndan indirilen t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu klas\u00f6r\u00fc versiyon kontrol sisteminize (\u00f6rne\u011fin Git’e) eklememeniz<\/em> \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. Bunun yerine, sadece composer.json<\/code> ve composer.lock<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 commit edin. Projenizi klonlayan herkes composer install<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak ayn\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 y\u00fckleyebilir. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, depo boyutunu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tutar ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler. .gitignore<\/code> dosyan\u0131za a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 eklemeyi unutmay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\/vendor\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h2>\n
Bu rehberde, Debian 8 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde Composer’\u0131 nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve temel d\u00fczeyde nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Composer, PHP geli\u015ftiricileri i\u00e7in ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k y\u00f6netimini basitle\u015ftiren ve modern PHP projelerinin temelini olu\u015fturan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Do\u011fru kurulum ve kullan\u0131m pratikleriyle, projelerinizin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 etkin bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netebilir, geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinizi h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir ve daha kararl\u0131 uygulamalar olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h3>\n
1. Composer neden “yava\u015f” \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor?<\/strong>
\nComposer, ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek ve indirmek i\u00e7in Packagist.org gibi depolarla ileti\u015fim kurar. \u00c7ok say\u0131da ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k veya yava\u015f bir internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 bu s\u00fcreci uzatabilir. Performans i\u00e7in --no-dev<\/code> ve --optimize-autoloader<\/code> flag’lerini kullanabilir, ayr\u0131ca composer self-update<\/code> ile Composer’\u0131 g\u00fcncel tutabilirsiniz. memory_limit<\/code> de\u011ferini art\u0131rmak da yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n
2. composer.lock<\/code> dosyas\u0131 ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/strong>
\ncomposer.lock<\/code> dosyas\u0131, composer install<\/code> komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda indirilen t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n ve alt ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n tam<\/em> s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kaydeder. Bu, projenin farkl\u0131 ortamlarda (geli\u015ftirme, test, \u00fcretim) veya farkl\u0131 geli\u015ftiriciler aras\u0131nda her zaman ayn\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerini kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 garanti eder. Bu dosya, composer.json<\/code> ile birlikte versiyon kontrol sisteminize dahil edilmelidir.<\/p>\n
3. Composer ile PHP versiyonu nas\u0131l y\u00f6netilir?<\/strong>
\nComposer, PHP’nin kendisini y\u00f6netmez, ancak projenizin gerektirdi\u011fi minimum PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc composer.json<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda config.platform.php<\/code> veya require.php<\/code> alanlar\u0131nda belirtebilirsiniz. Composer, bu gereksinimi kar\u015f\u0131lamayan bir PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sizi uyaracakt\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri aras\u0131nda ge\u00e7i\u015f yapmak i\u00e7in phpbrew<\/code> veya phpenv<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7lar kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
4. vendor<\/code> klas\u00f6r\u00fc neden Git’e eklenmemeli?<\/strong>
\nvendor<\/code> klas\u00f6r\u00fc, indirilen t\u00fcm k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu klas\u00f6r\u00fc Git’e eklemek, deponuzun boyutunu gereksiz yere art\u0131r\u0131r, \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalara yol a\u00e7abilir ve ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n g\u00fcncellenmesini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. composer.json<\/code> ve composer.lock<\/code> dosyalar\u0131, projenin ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in yeterlidir. Herkes composer install<\/code> komutuyla ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 kendi makinesine indirebilir.<\/p>\n
5. Composer global olarak m\u0131, yoksa proje baz\u0131nda m\u0131 kurulmal\u0131?<\/strong>
\nBu rehberde global kurulumu tercih ettik \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu durumda daha pratiktir. Ancak, baz\u0131 projeler farkl\u0131 Composer s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilir veya global kurulum yapma izniniz olmayabilir. Bu durumlarda, composer.phar<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan proje dizinine indirerek proje baz\u0131nda da kullanabilirsiniz (php composer.phar install<\/code> gibi). \u00c7o\u011fu geli\u015ftirici i\u00e7in global kurulum yeterli ve tavsiye edilen y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n
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