{"id":31601,"date":"2025-10-11T19:41:05","date_gmt":"2025-10-11T16:41:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=31601"},"modified":"2025-10-11T19:41:05","modified_gmt":"2025-10-11T16:41:05","slug":"centos-7-gnome-masaustu-icin-vnc-uzaktan-erisim-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/centos-7-gnome-masaustu-icin-vnc-uzaktan-erisim-kurulumu-ve-yapilandirmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"CentOS 7 GNOME Masa\u00fcst\u00fc \u0130\u00e7in VNC Uzaktan Eri\u015fim Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

CentOS 7 GNOME Masa\u00fcst\u00fc \u0130\u00e7in VNC Uzaktan Eri\u015fim Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, sunuculara veya uzak masa\u00fcstlerine eri\u015fim, sistem y\u00f6neticileri, geli\u015ftiriciler ve hatta ev kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ihtiya\u00e7 haline gelmi\u015ftir. CentOS 7 gibi bir Linux da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131na uzaktan eri\u015fim sa\u011flaman\u0131n en pop\u00fcler ve etkili yollar\u0131ndan biri VNC (Virtual Network Computing) kullanmakt\u0131r. VNC, kullan\u0131c\u0131lara uzak bir bilgisayar\u0131n grafiksel masa\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc kendi yerel cihazlar\u0131ndaym\u0131\u015f gibi g\u00f6rme ve etkile\u015fimde bulunma olana\u011f\u0131 sunar. Bu makale, CentOS 7 \u00fczerinde GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fc i\u00e7in TigerVNC sunucusunun nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m detayland\u0131racakt\u0131r. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, hem yeni ba\u015flayanlar hem de deneyimli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r, kapsaml\u0131 ve pratik bir rehber sunmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

VNC, \u00f6zellikle bir sunucu \u00fczerinde grafiksel bir aray\u00fcze ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funda veya birden fazla kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda farkl\u0131 VNC oturumlar\u0131na ba\u011flanmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde son derece kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu rehberde, bir VNC oturumunu nas\u0131l ba\u015flataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve en \u00f6nemlisi, SSH t\u00fcnelleme kullanarak ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar<\/h3>\n

Bu rehbere ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n

* CentOS 7 Sunucusu:<\/strong> Kurulu ve g\u00fcncel bir CentOS 7 sunucusuna sahip olmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.
\n* GNOME Masa\u00fcst\u00fc Ortam\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucunuzda GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131n kurulu olmas\u0131 gerekmektedir. E\u011fer kurulu de\u011filse, kurulum ad\u0131mlar\u0131 bu rehberde a\u00e7\u0131klanacakt\u0131r.
\n* SSH Eri\u015fimi:<\/strong> Sunucuya SSH \u00fczerinden eri\u015fim sa\u011flayabilmelisiniz. T\u00fcm kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u015flemleri SSH \u00fczerinden komut sat\u0131r\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilecektir.
\n* Sudo Yetkileri:<\/strong> Kurulum ve yap\u0131land\u0131rma i\u00e7in sudo<\/code> yetkilerine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131n\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* Temel Linux Bilgisi:<\/strong> Temel Linux komut sat\u0131r\u0131 bilgisi ve metin d\u00fczenleyici (vi<\/code>, nano<\/code>) kullan\u0131m\u0131 faydal\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Ad\u0131m 1: Sistemi G\u00fcncelleme<\/h3>\n

Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan emin olmak her zaman iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, potansiyel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye ve en son g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131na sahip olman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flamaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n

Sunucunuza SSH ile ba\u011flan\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n

sudo yum update -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, sistemdeki t\u00fcm paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine g\u00fcncelleyecektir. G\u00fcncelleme i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, baz\u0131 \u00e7ekirdek veya sistem bile\u015fenleri g\u00fcncellenmi\u015fse, sisteminizi yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir:<\/p>\n
sudo reboot<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131n ard\u0131ndan tekrar SSH ile ba\u011flan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: GNOME Masa\u00fcst\u00fc Ortam\u0131n\u0131 Kurma (Gerekliyse)<\/h3>\n
E\u011fer CentOS 7 sunucunuzda zaten GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 kuruluysa, bu ad\u0131m\u0131 atlayabilirsiniz. Ancak genellikle sunucular varsay\u0131lan olarak minimal bir kurulumla gelir ve grafiksel bir aray\u00fcz i\u00e7ermez. VNC ile uzaktan eri\u015fim i\u00e7in bir masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. CentOS 7 \u00fczerinde GNOME’u kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyin:<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, mevcut ortam gruplar\u0131n\u0131 listeleyerek “GNOME Desktop” veya “Server with GUI” grubunun ad\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo yum group list<\/code><\/pre>\n
Listede “GNOME Desktop” veya “Server with GUI” gibi bir grup ad\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz. Bu gruplardan birini kullanarak GNOME’u kurabiliriz. Genellikle “GNOME Desktop” yeterli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
sudo yum groupinstall \"GNOME Desktop\" -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131 ve ilgili ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 sisteminize kuracakt\u0131r. Kurulum biraz zaman alabilir.<\/p>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, sistemin varsay\u0131lan olarak grafiksel hedefi kullanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz. Bu, fiziksel olarak sunucunun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7ti\u011finizde grafik aray\u00fczle a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, ancak VNC oturumlar\u0131n\u0131 etkilemez.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in sistemi yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekebilir, ancak VNC kurulumuna devam ederken bu ad\u0131m\u0131 \u015fimdilik atlayabiliriz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 3: VNC Sunucusunu Kurma<\/h3>\n
CentOS 7 i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n ve iyi desteklenen VNC sunucusu uygulamalar\u0131ndan biri TigerVNC’dir. TigerVNC’yi kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install tigervnc-server -y<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, TigerVNC sunucu paketini ve gerekli ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 sisteminize kuracakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: VNC Kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 Olu\u015fturma ve Parola Belirleme<\/h3>\n
VNC oturumlar\u0131na ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131na ve bu hesaba \u00f6zel bir VNC parolas\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Mevcut bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullanabilir veya yeni bir VNC kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturabilirsiniz. Bu rehberde, mevcut kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, SSH ile ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kullan\u0131c\u0131) kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 varsay\u0131yoruz.<\/p>\n
VNC parolas\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in, VNC oturumunu ba\u015flatacak kullan\u0131c\u0131 olarak a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
vncpasswd<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, sizden iki kez yeni bir VNC parolas\u0131 girmenizi isteyecektir. Bu parola, VNC istemcisi ile sunucuya ba\u011flan\u0131rken kullan\u0131lacak parolad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, iste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak sadece g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleme (read-only) parolas\u0131 belirlemeniz de istenecektir. Genellikle bu ad\u0131m\u0131 atlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
You will require a password to access your desktops.\n\nPassword:\nVerify:\nWould you like to enter a view-only password (y\/n)? n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Parolay\u0131 belirledikten sonra, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ana dizininde (~\/.vnc\/<\/code>) gerekli yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyalar\u0131 ve parola dosyas\u0131 (passwd<\/code>) olu\u015fturulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 5: VNC Sunucusunu Yap\u0131land\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
VNC sunucusunun do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilmesi ve GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flatabilmesi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rma ad\u0131mlar\u0131na ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var. Bu ad\u0131mlar, VNC servis dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeyi ve VNC oturumu ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
VNC Servis Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
systemd<\/code> ile VNC servisini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in bir servis dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturmam\u0131z gerekiyor. TigerVNC, bir \u015fablon servis dosyas\u0131 (vncserver@.service<\/code>) sa\u011flar. Bu \u015fablonu kullanarak kendi servis dosyam\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015fturaca\u011f\u0131z. VNC oturumlar\u0131 genellikle bir “display number” (g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc numaras\u0131) ile tan\u0131mlan\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, :1<\/code> display numaras\u0131 5901 portuna, :2<\/code> display numaras\u0131 5902 portuna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelir. Genellikle ilk oturum i\u00e7in :1<\/code> kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u015eablon dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kopyalayarak ba\u015flayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo cp \/lib\/systemd\/system\/vncserver@.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/vncserver@:1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi bu yeni servis dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlememiz gerekiyor. Kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z metin d\u00fczenleyiciyi a\u00e7\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, nano<\/code> veya vi<\/code>):<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/vncserver@:1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
Dosya i\u00e7inde a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bulup d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekmektedir. <\/code> yerine VNC oturumunu ba\u015flatacak kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n (genellikle SSH ile ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131).<\/p>\n
[Unit]\nDescription=Remote desktop service (VNC)\nAfter=syslog.target network.target\n\n[Service]\nType=forking\nWorkingDirectory=\/home\/\nUser=\nGroup=\n\n
Clean any existing files in \/tmp\/.X11-unix environment<\/h2>\nExecStartPre=\/bin\/sh -c '\/usr\/bin\/vncserver -kill %i > \/dev\/null 2>&1 || :'\nExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/vncserver %i -geometry 1280x800 -depth 24 -localhost no\nPIDFile=\/home\/\/.vnc\/%H%i.pid\nExecStop=\/bin\/sh -c '\/usr\/bin\/vncserver -kill %i > \/dev\/null 2>&1 || :'\n\n[Install]\nWantedBy=multi-user.target<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte:
\n*   User=<\/code> ve Group=<\/code> sat\u0131rlar\u0131na VNC kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n.
\n*   ExecStart<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131nda VNC oturumunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc (-geometry 1280x800<\/code>) ve renk derinli\u011fini (-depth 24<\/code>) ayarlayabilirsiniz. Bu de\u011ferleri kendi tercihlerinize g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz. -localhost no<\/code> parametresi, VNC sunucusunun sadece yerel ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 de\u011fil, d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 da kabul etmesini sa\u011flar. G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in bu parametreyi yes<\/code> yap\u0131p SSH t\u00fcnelleme kullanmak daha g\u00fcvenlidir, ancak \u015fimdilik no<\/code> olarak b\u0131rak\u0131p g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 ayarlayaca\u011f\u0131z.
\n*   PIDFile<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131na da VNC kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n.<\/p>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedip dosyay\u0131 kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
GNOME Masa\u00fcst\u00fc Ortam\u0131n\u0131 Ba\u015flatma \u0130\u00e7in Ayarlar (xstartup<\/code>)<\/h4>\n
VNC sunucusu ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, hangi masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131n\u0131n veya uygulamalar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ana dizinindeki .vnc\/xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131na bakar. Bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, VNC oturumunu ba\u015flatacak kullan\u0131c\u0131 olarak oturum a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun (veya sudo -u  bash<\/code> ile o kullan\u0131c\u0131ya ge\u00e7in).<\/p>\n
nano ~\/.vnc\/xstartup<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu dosyan\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi d\u00fczenleyin. Mevcut i\u00e7eri\u011fi yedekleyebilir veya tamamen silebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
#!\/bin\/sh\n\nunset SESSION_MANAGER\nunset DBUS_SESSION_BUS_ADDRESS\n\n
Load Xresources if available<\/h2>\n[ -r $HOME\/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME\/.Xresources\n\n
Start the desktop environment<\/h2>\n
For GNOME on CentOS 7, the following is usually sufficient:<\/h2>\nexec \/usr\/bin\/gnome-session\n\n
You might also need to uncomment these lines depending on your setup:<\/h2>\n
export XDG_CURRENT_DESKTOP=\"GNOME\"<\/h2>\n
export XDG_SESSION_TYPE=\"x11\"<\/h2>\n
export GDMSESSION=\"gnome\"<\/h2>\n
exec \/usr\/bin\/gnome-session<\/h2>\n\n
If the above doesn't work, try starting with xinitrc<\/h2>\n
exec \/etc\/X11\/xinit\/xinitrc<\/h2>\n\n
For a basic environment with a terminal and window manager:<\/h2>\n
xsetroot -solid grey<\/h2>\n
vncconfig -iconic &<\/h2>\n
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title \"$VNCDESKTOP Desktop\" &<\/h2>\n
twm &<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/h2>\n
\u00d6nemli:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131daki xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda exec \/usr\/bin\/gnome-session<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131, GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n ve g\u00fcvenilir y\u00f6ntemdir. Di\u011fer sat\u0131rlar yorum sat\u0131r\u0131 olarak kalmal\u0131 veya silinmelidir.<\/p>\n
Dosyay\u0131 kaydettikten sonra, xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir oldu\u011fundan emin olun:<\/p>\n
chmod +x ~\/.vnc\/xstartup<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ad\u0131m 6: VNC Servisini Ba\u015flatma ve Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h3>\n
Servis dosyas\u0131n\u0131 ve xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra, systemd<\/code>‘yi yeni servis dosyam\u0131z\u0131 okumas\u0131 i\u00e7in yeniden y\u00fcklememiz gerekiyor:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl daemon-reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u015eimdi VNC servisini ba\u015flatabiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start vncserver@:1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
VNC servisinin sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable vncserver@:1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
Servisin durumunu kontrol ederek do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status vncserver@:1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da “active (running)” ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ana dizinindeki .vnc<\/code> klas\u00f6r\u00fcnde bir log dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftu\u011funu da kontrol edebilirsiniz (ls ~\/.vnc\/<\/code>). Bu log dosyas\u0131, herhangi bir sorun durumunda hata ay\u0131klama i\u00e7in faydal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 7: G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131n\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rma (FirewallD)<\/h3>\n
CentOS 7, varsay\u0131lan olarak firewalld<\/code> g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r. VNC istemcinizin sunucuya ba\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in VNC portunun (display :1 i\u00e7in 5901) g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k olmas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n
A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 kullanarak VNC portunu g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131na ekleyin ve g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden y\u00fckleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5901\/tcp\nsudo firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
E\u011fer birden fazla VNC oturumu kullanmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorsan\u0131z (\u00f6rne\u011fin, :2<\/code> i\u00e7in 5902 portu), her bir portu ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 eklemeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
Eklenen kurallar\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo firewall-cmd --list-all<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da ports: 5901\/tcp<\/code> ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 8: VNC \u0130stemcisi ile Ba\u011flanma<\/h3>\n
Art\u0131k VNC sunucunuz yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re, yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zdan bir VNC istemcisi kullanarak ba\u011flanabilirsiniz. \u00c7e\u015fitli VNC istemcileri mevcuttur:<\/p>\n
*   Windows:<\/strong> RealVNC Viewer, TightVNC Viewer, UltraVNC Viewer
\n*   macOS:<\/strong> Dahili Screen Sharing uygulamas\u0131 veya RealVNC Viewer
\n*   Linux:<\/strong> Remmina, vncviewer<\/code> (TigerVNC istemcisi)<\/p>\n
Se\u00e7ti\u011finiz VNC istemcisini yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131za kurun ve a\u00e7\u0131n. Ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7in sunucunuzun IP adresini ve VNC display numaras\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011flant\u0131 adresini a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki formatta girin:<\/p>\n
:1<\/code><\/pre>\n
Veya port numaras\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frudan belirterek:<\/p>\n
:5901<\/code><\/pre>\n
Ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda, Ad\u0131m 4’te belirledi\u011finiz VNC parolas\u0131n\u0131 girmeniz istenecektir. Parolay\u0131 do\u011fru girdikten sonra, CentOS 7 sunucunuzdaki GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6rmeli ve etkile\u015fimde bulunabilmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Geli\u015fmi\u015f Yap\u0131land\u0131rmalar ve \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
VNC Oturum Boyutunu Ayarlama<\/h4>\n
VNC oturumunuzun varsay\u0131lan \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve renk derinli\u011fini de\u011fi\u015ftirmek isterseniz, Ad\u0131m 5’teki vncserver@:1.service<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki ExecStart<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, 1920×1080 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck ve 24 bit renk derinli\u011fi i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/vncserver %i -geometry 1920x1080 -depth 24 -localhost no<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapt\u0131ktan sonra, sudo systemctl daemon-reload<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n ve ard\u0131ndan VNC servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart vncserver@:1.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
Birden Fazla VNC Oturumu<\/h4>\n
Ayn\u0131 sunucuda farkl\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in veya ayn\u0131 kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7larla birden fazla VNC oturumu a\u00e7abilirsiniz. Bunun i\u00e7in her oturum i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 bir display numaras\u0131 kullanman\u0131z gerekir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, :2<\/code> display numaras\u0131 i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
1.  vncserver@:1.service<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 vncserver@:2.service<\/code> olarak kopyalay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo cp \/etc\/systemd\/system\/vncserver@:1.service \/etc\/systemd\/system\/vncserver@:2.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  vncserver@:2.service<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek <\/code> de\u011ferlerini ve ExecStart<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fck gibi parametreleri ayarlay\u0131n.
\n3.  E\u011fer farkl\u0131 bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 i\u00e7inse, o kullan\u0131c\u0131 vncpasswd<\/code> komutuyla kendi parolas\u0131n\u0131 belirlemelidir.
\n4.  Servisi etkinle\u015ftirip ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl daemon-reload\n    sudo systemctl start vncserver@:2.service\n    sudo systemctl enable vncserver@:2.service<\/code><\/pre>\n
5.  G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131nda 5902 portunu a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-port=5902\/tcp\n    sudo firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
6.  VNC istemcinizden sunucu_IP_adresi:2<\/code> veya sunucu_IP_adresi:5902<\/code> ile ba\u011flan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
VNC G\u00fcvenli\u011fini Art\u0131rma: SSH T\u00fcnelleme<\/h4>\n
VNC protokol\u00fc varsay\u0131lan olarak \u015fifrelenmemi\u015f bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, bu da parolalar\u0131n ve t\u00fcm oturum trafi\u011finin a\u011f \u00fczerinde a\u00e7\u0131k metin olarak g\u00f6nderilebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu ciddi bir g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. VNC ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alman\u0131n en iyi yolu SSH t\u00fcnelleme kullanmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
SSH t\u00fcnelleme ile, VNC trafi\u011fi \u015fifreli bir SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 \u00fczerinden iletilir. Bu durumda, VNC sunucusunun sadece localhost<\/code> \u00fczerinden ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul etmesi yeterlidir ve VNC portunu g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131ndan kapatabiliriz.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131mlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n
1.  VNC Servisini Yerel Ba\u011flant\u0131lar \u0130\u00e7in Yap\u0131land\u0131rma:<\/strong>
\n    vncserver@:1.service<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar d\u00fczenleyin (sudo nano \/etc\/systemd\/system\/vncserver@:1.service<\/code>).
\n    ExecStart<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131ndaki -localhost no<\/code> parametresini -localhost yes<\/code> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirin:<\/p>\n
ExecStart=\/usr\/bin\/vncserver %i -geometry 1280x800 -depth 24 -localhost yes<\/code><\/pre>\n
    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedin, sudo systemctl daemon-reload<\/code> ve sudo systemctl restart vncserver@:1.service<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n
2.  G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Portunu Kapatma:<\/strong>
\n    VNC portunu (5901) g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131ndan kald\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --remove-port=5901\/tcp\n    sudo firewall-cmd --reload<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu, VNC sunucusunun d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen do\u011frudan ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul etmesini engeller.<\/p>\n
3.  SSH T\u00fcneli Olu\u015fturma (Yerel Bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda):<\/strong>
\n    Yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n terminalinden veya SSH istemcinizden a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
ssh -L 5901:localhost:5901 -N -f -l  <\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   -L 5901:localhost:5901<\/code>: Yerel makinenizin 5901 portunu, uzak sunucunun 5901 portuna (localhost \u00fczerinden) t\u00fcneller.
\n    *   -N<\/code>: Uzak komut \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmaz, sadece port y\u00f6nlendirme yapar.
\n    *   -f<\/code>: Arka planda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.
\n    *   -l <\/code>: SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lacak kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131.
\n    *   <\/code>: CentOS 7 sunucunuzun IP adresi.<\/p>\n
    Bu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda SSH parolan\u0131z istenecektir.<\/p>\n
4.  VNC \u0130stemcisi ile Ba\u011flanma:<\/strong>
\n    SSH t\u00fcneli kurulduktan sonra, VNC istemcinizi a\u00e7\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki adrese ba\u011flan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
localhost:5901<\/code><\/pre>\n
    VNC istemcisi, yerel makinenizin 5901 portuna ba\u011flanacak ve bu ba\u011flant\u0131 SSH t\u00fcneli \u00fczerinden \u015fifrelenmi\u015f olarak uzak sunucunun 5901 portuna iletilecektir. Bu y\u00f6ntem, VNC oturumunuzu d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelebilecek sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok daha g\u00fcvenli hale getirir.<\/p>\n
Sorun Giderme<\/h3>\n
VNC kurulumu s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
*   Ba\u011flanamama:<\/strong>
\n    *   VNC servisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor mu? sudo systemctl status vncserver@:1.service<\/code>
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 portu a\u00e7\u0131k m\u0131? sudo firewall-cmd --list-all<\/code>
\n    *   VNC parolas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru giriyor musunuz?
\n    *   Sunucunun IP adresini veya display numaras\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru girdiniz mi?<\/p>\n
*   Bo\u015f veya Gri Ekran:<\/strong>
\n    *   ~\/.vnc\/xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131 do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131labilir mi? (chmod +x ~\/.vnc\/xstartup<\/code> yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.)
\n    *   GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 ger\u00e7ekten kurulu mu? (Ad\u0131m 2’yi kontrol edin.)
\n       VNC oturumunun log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin: cat ~\/.vnc\/<\/em>.log<\/code>. Bu dosyalar genellikle ba\u015flatma s\u0131ras\u0131ndaki hatalar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.
\n    *   journalctl -u vncserver@:1.service<\/code> komutuyla systemd<\/code> g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerini kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
*   Yava\u015f Performans:<\/strong>
\n    *   VNC oturumunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeyi deneyin (-geometry<\/code> parametresi).
\n    *   Renk derinli\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn (-depth<\/code> parametresi).
\n    *   \u0130stemcinizin VNC ayarlar\u0131na bak\u0131n; baz\u0131 istemciler d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bant geni\u015fli\u011fi modlar\u0131 veya farkl\u0131 kodlama \u015femalar\u0131 sunar.
\n    *   A\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
*   Servis Ba\u015flat\u0131lam\u0131yor:<\/strong>
\n    *   systemctl daemon-reload<\/code> komutunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131?
\n    *   Servis dosyas\u0131ndaki (vncserver@:1.service<\/code>) <\/code> yer tutucular\u0131n\u0131 kendi kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131zla de\u011fi\u015ftirdiniz mi?
\n    *   Log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin (journalctl -u vncserver@:1.service<\/code>).<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu kapsaml\u0131 rehberde, CentOS 7 sunucunuzda GNOME masa\u00fcst\u00fc ortam\u0131 i\u00e7in TigerVNC sunucusunu nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Ad\u0131m ad\u0131m kurulumdan g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 ayarlar\u0131na, xstartup<\/code> dosyas\u0131 yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131ndan SSH t\u00fcnelleme ile g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131 sa\u011flamaya kadar t\u00fcm \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 ele ald\u0131k. Art\u0131k CentOS 7 sunucunuzdaki grafiksel masa\u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fcze herhangi bir yerden g\u00fcvenli ve kolay bir \u015fekilde uzaktan eri\u015febilirsiniz. VNC, sistem y\u00f6netimi, uygulama geli\u015ftirme veya sadece uzaktan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma i\u00e7in esneklik ve eri\u015filebilirlik sunan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Unutmay\u0131n, herhangi bir uzak eri\u015fim \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcnde g\u00fcvenlik her zaman \u00f6ncelikli olmal\u0131d\u0131r, bu nedenle SSH t\u00fcnelleme gibi y\u00f6ntemleri kullanarak ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na almay\u0131 ihmal etmeyin.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"CentOS 7 GNOME Masa\u00fcst\u00fc \u0130\u00e7in VNC Uzaktan Eri\u015fim Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131\nGiri\u015f\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn dijital \u00e7a\u011f\u0131nda, sunuculara veya uzak masa","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31601","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nCentOS 7 GNOME Masa\u00fcst\u00fc \u0130\u00e7in VNC Uzaktan Eri\u015fim Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 - 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