Graylog, merkezi log y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir platformdur. Sistemlerinizden, uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131zdan ve a\u011f cihazlar\u0131n\u0131zdan gelen loglar\u0131 tek bir noktada toplaman\u0131za, depolaman\u0131za, araman\u0131za, analiz etmenize ve g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmenize olanak tan\u0131r. Graylog 1.x serisi, \u00f6zellikle CentOS 7 gibi olgun i\u015fletim sistemlerinde stabil ve g\u00fcvenilir bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmu\u015ftur. Bu rehberde, Graylog 1.x’in temel bile\u015fenleri olan MongoDB (meta veri depolama i\u00e7in), Elasticsearch (log indeksleme ve arama i\u00e7in) ve Graylog sunucusunun CentOS 7 \u00fczerine nas\u0131l kurulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Log y\u00f6netimi, modern BT altyap\u0131lar\u0131nda sorun giderme, g\u00fcvenlik denetimi, performans analizi ve uyumluluk gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Graylog, binlerce sunucudan gelen loglar\u0131 saniyeler i\u00e7inde i\u015fleyebilme yetene\u011fiyle, bu s\u00fcre\u00e7leri otomatikle\u015ftirmek ve basitle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in ideal bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Graylog, birden fazla bile\u015fenden olu\u015ftu\u011fu i\u00e7in, kurulum s\u00fcrecine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce CentOS 7 sunucunuzun gerekli yaz\u0131l\u0131mlara ve ayarlara sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n
\u0130lk olarak, sisteminizi g\u00fcncelleyelim ve gerekli baz\u0131 yard\u0131mc\u0131 programlar\u0131 kural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo yum update -y\nsudo yum install -y epel-release pwgen curl wget vim\n<\/code><\/pre>\nJava (OpenJDK) Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Graylog sunucusu ve Elasticsearch, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in Java’ya ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Graylog 1.x serisi genellikle Java 8 ile uyumludur.<\/p>\n
sudo yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel\nsudo java -version\n<\/code><\/pre>\nKomutun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131 Java 1.8 oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
MongoDB Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
MongoDB, Graylog’un yap\u0131land\u0131rma verilerini ve meta verilerini depolamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Graylog 1.x ile genellikle MongoDB 3.x s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
MongoDB deposunu ekleyelim:<\/p>\n
sudo tee \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/mongodb-org-3.0.repo <<\/pre>\nMongoDB'yi kural\u0131m ve servisi ba\u015flatal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install -y mongodb-org\nsudo systemctl start mongod\nsudo systemctl enable mongod\nsudo systemctl status mongod\n<\/code><\/pre>\nsystemctl status mongod<\/code> komutu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131nda \"active (running)\" ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\nElasticsearch Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Elasticsearch, Graylog'un loglar\u0131 indeksledi\u011fi, depolad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve h\u0131zl\u0131 arama yapabildi\u011fi ana bile\u015fendir. Graylog 1.x i\u00e7in Elasticsearch 2.x s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
Elasticsearch deposunu ekleyelim:<\/p>\n
sudo tee \/etc\/yum.repos.d\/elasticsearch.repo <<\/pre>\nElasticsearch'\u00fc kural\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo yum install -y elasticsearch\n<\/code><\/pre>\nElasticsearch yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlememiz gerekiyor. \u00d6zellikle Graylog'un ba\u011flanabilmesi i\u00e7in k\u00fcme ad\u0131n\u0131 (cluster name) ayarlamal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n
sudo vim \/etc\/elasticsearch\/elasticsearch.yml\n<\/code><\/pre>\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bulun veya ekleyin:<\/p>\n
# cluster.name: graylog\nnetwork.host: 192.168.1.1 (veya 0.0.0.0 t\u00fcm aray\u00fczlerden dinlemek i\u00e7in)<\/h2>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yukar\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 yorumdan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n ve a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
cluster.name: graylog\nnetwork.host: 0.0.0.0\n<\/code><\/pre>\nKaydedip \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n (:wq<\/code>). \u015eimdi Elasticsearch servisini ba\u015flatal\u0131m ve etkinle\u015ftirelim:<\/p>\nsudo systemctl start elasticsearch\nsudo systemctl enable elasticsearch\nsudo systemctl status elasticsearch\n<\/code><\/pre>\nElasticsearch'\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
curl -XGET 'http:\/\/localhost:9200'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 olarak bir JSON objesi g\u00f6rmelisiniz, bu Elasticsearch'\u00fcn ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Graylog Sunucu Kurulumu ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h2>\n
T\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar kurulduktan sonra, s\u0131ra Graylog sunucusunu kurmaya geldi.<\/p>\n
Graylog Paketlerini \u0130ndirme ve Kurulum<\/h3>\n
Graylog'un kendi RPM deposunu ekleyelim ve Graylog sunucusunu kural\u0131m. Bu rehber i\u00e7in Graylog 1.x serisinin son s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc olan 1.3'\u00fc kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
sudo rpm -Uvh https:\/\/packages.graylog2.org\/repo\/packages\/graylog-1.3-repository-el7.rpm\nsudo yum install -y graylog-server\n<\/code><\/pre>\nGraylog Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h3>\n
Graylog sunucusunun temel ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 yapmal\u0131y\u0131z. Bu ayarlar \/etc\/graylog\/server\/server.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda bulunur.<\/p>\nsudo vim \/etc\/graylog\/server\/server.conf\n<\/code><\/pre>\nA\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6nemli ayarlar\u0131 bulup d\u00fczenlememiz gerekiyor:<\/p>\n
\npassword_secret<\/code>:<\/strong> Bu, Graylog'un dahili verilerini \u015fifrelemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan benzersiz bir anahtard\u0131r. G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in 96 karakterlik rastgele bir dize olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\npwgen -N 96 -s 1<\/code><\/pre>\nYukar\u0131daki komutla \u00fcretilen \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 kopyalay\u0131n ve password_secret =<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131na yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\nroot_password_sha2<\/code>:<\/strong> Graylog web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne giri\u015f yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z admin<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n \u015fifresinin SHA-256 hash de\u011feridir.<\/li>\necho -n \"your_admin_password\" | shasum -a 256<\/code><\/pre>\nyour_admin_password<\/code> yerine kendi belirledi\u011finiz \u015fifreyi yaz\u0131n. Komutun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kopyalay\u0131n ve root_password_sha2 =<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131na yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\nroot_username<\/code>:<\/strong> Web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne giri\u015f yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131d\u0131r. Varsay\u0131lan olarak admin<\/code>'dir. De\u011fi\u015ftirmemeniz \u00f6nerilir.<\/li>\nroot_username = admin<\/code><\/pre>\nweb_listen_address<\/code>:<\/strong> Graylog web aray\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi IP adresinden ve porttan dinleyece\u011fini belirtir. T\u00fcm aray\u00fczlerden eri\u015fim i\u00e7in 0.0.0.0:9000<\/code> kullanabilirsiniz.<\/li>\nweb_listen_address = 0.0.0.0:9000<\/code><\/pre>\nrest_listen_uri<\/code>:<\/strong> Graylog API'sinin dinleyece\u011fi adres. Genellikle web aray\u00fcz\u00fc ile ayn\u0131 IP ve portta olur.<\/li>\nrest_listen_uri = http:\/\/0.0.0.0:9000\/api\/<\/code><\/pre>\nelasticsearch_cluster_name<\/code>:<\/strong> Elasticsearch k\u00fcmenizin ad\u0131d\u0131r. Daha \u00f6nce graylog<\/code> olarak ayarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.<\/li>\nelasticsearch_cluster_name = graylog<\/code><\/pre>\nno_master_only_node_creation<\/code>:<\/strong> Elasticsearch 2.x ile Graylog 1.x kullan\u0131rken bu ayar\u0131n true<\/code> olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Aksi takdirde Elasticsearch k\u00fcmesi ba\u015flat\u0131lamayabilir.<\/li>\nno_master_only_node_creation = true<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/ol>\nYap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kaydedip kapat\u0131n (:wq<\/code>).<\/p>\nGraylog Sunucuyu Ba\u015flatma<\/h3>\n
\u015eimdi Graylog sunucusunu ba\u015flatal\u0131m ve sistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start graylog-server\nsudo systemctl enable graylog-server\nsudo systemctl status graylog-server\n<\/code><\/pre>\nGraylog'un tamamen ba\u015flamas\u0131 biraz zaman alabilir. Loglar\u0131 kontrol ederek herhangi bir hata olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/graylog-server\/server.log\n<\/code><\/pre>\nLoglarda \"Graylog server up and running\" gibi bir mesaj g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczde, sunucunun haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu anlayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Graylog Web Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Eri\u015fim ve \u0130lk Ayarlar<\/h2>\n
Graylog sunucusu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ba\u015flad\u0131ktan sonra, web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015febilir ve loglar\u0131 toplamaya ba\u015flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Ayarlar\u0131<\/h3>\n
Graylog web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan eri\u015febilmek i\u00e7in CentOS g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131nda (firewalld) 9000 portunu a\u00e7mam\u0131z gerekiyor:<\/p>\n
sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=9000\/tcp --permanent\nsudo firewall-cmd --reload\n<\/code><\/pre>\nE\u011fer loglar\u0131 Graylog'a g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in GELF UDP input kullanacaksan\u0131z, 12201 UDP portunu da a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekebilir:<\/p>\n
sudo firewall-cmd --add-port=12201\/udp --permanent\nsudo firewall-cmd --reload\n<\/code><\/pre>\nWeb Aray\u00fcz\u00fcne Ba\u011flanma<\/h3>\n
Web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve Graylog sunucunuzun IP adresini ve 9000 portunu kullanarak ba\u011flan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
http:\/\/:9000\n<\/code><\/pre>\nKar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za Graylog giri\u015f ekran\u0131 gelecektir. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 olarak admin<\/code> ve daha \u00f6nce belirledi\u011finiz \u015fifreyi kullanarak giri\u015f yap\u0131n.<\/p>\n\u0130lk Input (Giri\u015f) Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n
Graylog'un loglar\u0131 alabilmesi i\u00e7in bir \"Input\" (Giri\u015f) olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir. En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan ve \u00f6nerilen input tipi GELF (Graylog Extended Log Format) UDP'dir.<\/p>\n
\n- Graylog web aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde, \u00fcst men\u00fcden System -> Inputs<\/strong> yolunu izleyin.<\/li>\n
- \"Select input\" a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r listesinden GELF UDP<\/strong>'yi se\u00e7in ve \"Launch new input\" d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- A\u00e7\u0131lan pencerede a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ayarlar\u0131 yap\u0131n:\n
\n- Title:<\/strong> Loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 tan\u0131mlayan bir ba\u015fl\u0131k verin (\u00f6rn. \"GELF UDP Input\").<\/li>\n
- Bind address:<\/strong>
0.0.0.0<\/code> (T\u00fcm IP adreslerinden gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul etmek i\u00e7in).<\/li>\n- Port:<\/strong>
12201<\/code> (Varsay\u0131lan GELF UDP portu).<\/li>\n- Di\u011fer ayarlar\u0131 varsay\u0131lan b\u0131rakabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n
- \"Save\" d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n. Input'unuz \"Running\" durumunda g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelidir.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
Log G\u00f6nderme Testi<\/h3>\n
Input'unuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in, sunucunuzdan veya ba\u015fka bir makineden basit bir GELF mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6nderebilirsiniz. Sunucunuzda netcat<\/code> kurulu oldu\u011fundan emin olun (sudo yum install -y nc<\/code>).<\/p>\necho '{\"version\": \"1.1\", \"host\": \"test_host\", \"short_message\": \"Hello Graylog from CentOS!\", \"level\": 6}' | nc -u -w 1 12201\n<\/code><\/pre>\nGraylog web aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde \"Search\" sekmesine gidin. G\u00f6nderdi\u011finiz mesaj\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Bu, Graylog kurulumunuzun ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu\u011funu ve loglar\u0131 almaya haz\u0131r oldu\u011funu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h2>\n
Bu rehberde, CentOS 7 \u00fczerine Graylog 1.x'i MongoDB ve Elasticsearch ile birlikte nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011frendiniz. Art\u0131k merkezi bir log y\u00f6netim sistemine sahipsiniz ve sunucular\u0131n\u0131zdan, uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131zdan ve a\u011f cihazlar\u0131n\u0131zdan gelen loglar\u0131 tek bir yerden y\u00f6netebilir, arayabilir ve analiz edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Graylog 1.x serisi, o d\u00f6nem i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmu\u015f olsa da, Graylog'un daha yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri (\u00f6rn. Graylog 5.x), daha geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zellikler, performans iyile\u015ftirmeleri ve g\u00fcncel ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klarla (Elasticsearch 7.x, MongoDB 4.x\/5.x) gelmektedir. Yeni kurulumlar i\u00e7in g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri de\u011ferlendirmek, uzun vadede daha iyi bir deneyim sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h3>\nS: Graylog sunucusu ba\u015flat\u0131lam\u0131yor, ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/h4>\n
C:<\/strong> \u0130lk olarak sudo systemctl status graylog-server<\/code> komutunu kontrol edin. Ard\u0131ndan sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/graylog-server\/server.log<\/code> komutuyla Graylog'un loglar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin. Genellikle hatalar burada a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtilir. Java, MongoDB ve Elasticsearch servislerinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/p>\nS: Graylog web aray\u00fcz\u00fcne eri\u015femiyorum.<\/h4>\n
C:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun IP adresini ve 9000 portunu do\u011fru yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun. CentOS g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131nda (firewalld) 9000 portunun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun: sudo firewall-cmd --list-all<\/code>. Ayr\u0131ca \/etc\/graylog\/server\/server.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki web_listen_address<\/code> ayar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\nS: Loglar Graylog'a gelmiyor.<\/h4>\n
C:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Graylog web aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde System -> Inputs<\/strong> alt\u0131nda olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz input'un \"Running\" durumda oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/li>\n
- E\u011fer GELF UDP kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, CentOS g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131nda 12201 UDP portunun a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/li>\n
- Log g\u00f6nderen cihaz\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru IP adresine ve porta (Graylog sunucusu IP'si ve 12201) log g\u00f6nderdi\u011finden emin olun.<\/li>\n
- Log format\u0131n\u0131n GELF oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
S: Graylog veya Elasticsearch \u00e7ok fazla kaynak t\u00fcketiyor.<\/h4>\n
C:<\/strong> Bu, i\u015flenen log miktar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak normal olabilir. Elasticsearch'e ayr\u0131lan RAM miktar\u0131n\u0131 (\/etc\/elasticsearch\/jvm.options<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndan, -Xms<\/code> ve -Xmx<\/code> parametreleri) art\u0131rabilirsiniz. Graylog sunucusu i\u00e7in de JVM heap boyutu ayar\u0131 (\/etc\/sysconfig\/graylog-server<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki GRAYLOG_SERVER_JAVA_OPTS<\/code>) kontrol edilebilir. Ancak, Graylog 1.x'in eski bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm oldu\u011funu ve modern sistemlerde performans darbo\u011fazlar\u0131 ya\u015fayabilece\u011fini unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\nS: Neden Graylog 1.x kurmal\u0131y\u0131m, daha yeni s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri varken?<\/h4>\n
C:<\/strong> Bu rehber, belirli bir gereksinim (Graylog 1.x kurulumu) \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131nda, genellikle eski sistemlerle uyumluluk veya belirli bir projede zaten kullan\u0131lan bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm olmas\u0131 gibi nedenlerle eski s\u00fcr\u00fcmler tercih edilebilir. Yeni kurulumlar i\u00e7in her zaman en g\u00fcncel ve desteklenen Graylog s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tercih etmeniz \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Graylog Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?\nGraylog, merkezi log y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir platformdur. Sistemlerinizden, uygulamala","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31132","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\n
Graylog Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r? - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/graylog-nedir-ve-neden-kullanilir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Graylog Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Graylog Nedir ve Neden Kullan\u0131l\u0131r? Graylog, merkezi log y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 bir platformdur. 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