{"id":31043,"date":"2025-10-05T02:41:04","date_gmt":"2025-10-04T23:41:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=31043"},"modified":"2025-10-05T02:41:04","modified_gmt":"2025-10-04T23:41:04","slug":"ssh-anahtarlari-ile-putty-kullanarak-vpse-guvenli-baglanti-kurma-rehberi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ssh-anahtarlari-ile-putty-kullanarak-vpse-guvenli-baglanti-kurma-rehberi\/","title":{"rendered":"SSH Anahtarlar\u0131 ile PuTTY Kullanarak VPS’e G\u00fcvenli Ba\u011flant\u0131 Kurma Rehberi"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

SSH Anahtarlar\u0131 ile PuTTY Kullanarak VPS’e G\u00fcvenli Ba\u011flant\u0131 Kurma Rehberi<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f: SSH Anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nemi ve Neden Kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z?<\/h3>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde, sunucu y\u00f6netimi ve uzaktan eri\u015fim, dijital altyap\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucular (VPS), web sitelerinden uygulama bar\u0131nd\u0131rmaya kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede hizmet sunar ve bu sunuculara g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde eri\u015fmek hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Geleneksel olarak, bir\u00e7ok kullan\u0131c\u0131 VPS’lerine parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulama ile ba\u011flan\u0131r. Ancak, parolalar, tahmin edilebilir olmalar\u0131, kaba kuvvet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na (brute-force attacks) kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z kalmalar\u0131 ve insan hatas\u0131na a\u00e7\u0131k olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle ciddi g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rabilir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada SSH (Secure Shell) anahtarlar\u0131 devreye girer.<\/p>\n

SSH anahtarlar\u0131, parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulaman\u0131n \u00e7ok daha g\u00fcvenli ve pratik bir alternatifidir. Temel olarak, bir \u00e7ift anahtardan olu\u015furlar: bir \u00f6zel anahtar (private key) ve bir genel anahtar (public key). \u00d6zel anahtar, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n yerel bilgisayar\u0131nda saklan\u0131r ve asla kimseyle payla\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Genel anahtar ise sunucuya y\u00fcklenir. Ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruldu\u011funda, sunucu genel anahtar\u0131 kullanarak kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frular. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, kriptografik algoritmalarla \u015fifrelenir ve \u00e7ok daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir g\u00fcvenlik katman\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131n ba\u015fl\u0131ca avantajlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:
\n* \u00dcst\u00fcn G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Anahtarlar, rastgele olu\u015fturulmu\u015f, y\u00fcksek entropili dizelerdir ve tahmin edilmeleri veya kaba kuvvet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131yla k\u0131r\u0131lmalar\u0131 neredeyse imkans\u0131zd\u0131r. Parolalar\u0131n aksine, \u00e7ok daha uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131k bir yap\u0131ya sahiptirler.
\n* Kimlik Do\u011frulama Kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, SSH anahtarlar\u0131 ile sunucuya ba\u011flan\u0131rken her seferinde uzun bir parola girmek zorunda kalmazs\u0131n\u0131z. Bu, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131k s\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131 kuran y\u00f6neticiler i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir zaman tasarrufu sa\u011flar.
\n* Otomatik Ba\u011flant\u0131:<\/strong> Anahtar arac\u0131 (key agent) yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 sayesinde, \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bir kez y\u00fckledikten sonra, oturumunuz boyunca birden fazla sunucuya parola girmeden ba\u011flanabilirsiniz.
\n* Parola S\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 Riskinin Azalmas\u0131:<\/strong> Sunucunuzdan veya a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan parolalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 riskini ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kimlik do\u011frulama parolalar yerine anahtarlar \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r.
\n* Ek G\u00fcvenlik Katmanlar\u0131:<\/strong> Parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 tamamen devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakarak sunucunuzun sald\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fczeyini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde daraltabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

Bu makalede, Windows i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde PuTTY ve ilgili ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanarak SSH anahtar \u00e7ifti olu\u015fturma, genel anahtar\u0131 VPS’inize y\u00fckleme ve bu anahtarlar\u0131 kullanarak g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde VPS’inize ba\u011flanma ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, hem yeni ba\u015flayanlar\u0131n hem de deneyimli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131n sundu\u011fu g\u00fcvenlik ve kolayl\u0131ktan tam olarak yararlanabilmelerini sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Ko\u015fullar ve Gerekli Yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar<\/h3>\n

VPS’inize SSH anahtarlar\u0131 ile ba\u011flanabilmek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 temel gereksinime ve yaz\u0131l\u0131ma ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olacak. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, bu \u00f6n ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve gerekli ara\u00e7lar\u0131 detayland\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

1. Bir VPS’e Eri\u015fim<\/h4>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fckleyece\u011finiz ve ba\u011flanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z bir Sanal \u00d6zel Sunucuya (VPS) sahip olman\u0131z gerekmektedir. Bu VPS’e root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak veya sudo yetkilerine sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olarak parola ile eri\u015febiliyor olman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir. \u0130lk kurulum i\u00e7in bu eri\u015fim gereklidir.<\/p>\n

2. PuTTYgen (PuTTY Key Generator)<\/h4>\n

PuTTYgen, SSH anahtar \u00e7iftlerini (\u00f6zel ve genel anahtar) olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. PuTTY paketinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak gelir ve Windows \u00fczerinde grafik aray\u00fcz\u00fc sayesinde kolayca anahtar olu\u015fturman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

3. PuTTY (SSH Client)<\/h4>\n

PuTTY, Windows i\u00e7in pop\u00fcler bir SSH, Telnet ve Rlogin istemcisidir. VPS’inize SSH protokol\u00fc \u00fczerinden ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in bu arac\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131z. PuTTYgen ile olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131 PuTTY’ye tan\u0131tarak g\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131 kurabileceksiniz.<\/p>\n

4. Pageant (PuTTY Authentication Agent)<\/h4>\n

Pageant, PuTTY anahtar arac\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6zel anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde bellekte tutar ve her ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu\u011funuzda anahtar parolas\u0131n\u0131 (passphrase) tekrar girmenizi engeller. \u00d6zellikle birden fazla sunucuya ba\u011flan\u0131yorsan\u0131z veya s\u0131k s\u0131k ba\u011flant\u0131 kuruyorsan\u0131z, Pageant b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar. \u0130ste\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 olsa da, kullan\u0131c\u0131 deneyimini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirdi\u011fi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/p>\n

Bu Yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131 Nereden \u0130ndirebilirsiniz?<\/h4>\n

PuTTY, PuTTYgen ve Pageant genellikle tek bir kurulum paketi olarak veya ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 PuTTY’nin resmi web sitesinden (www.putty.org) indirilebilir. En g\u00fcncel ve g\u00fcvenli s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc indirdi\u011finizden emin olun. Genellikle, t\u00fcm bile\u015fenleri i\u00e7eren MSI (Windows Installer) paketini indirmek en kolay yoldur.<\/p>\n

PuTTYgen ile SSH Anahtar \u00c7ifti Olu\u015fturma<\/h3>\n

SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmaya ba\u015flaman\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131, PuTTYgen ile bir anahtar \u00e7ifti olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r. Bu i\u015flem, yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda bir \u00f6zel anahtar ve bu anahtara kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen bir genel anahtar \u00fcretmeyi i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n

1. PuTTYgen’i Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n

PuTTY’yi kurduktan sonra, Ba\u015flat men\u00fcs\u00fcnden veya masa\u00fcst\u00fc k\u0131sayolundan “PuTTYgen” uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n

2. Anahtar T\u00fcr\u00fc ve Boyutu Se\u00e7imi<\/h4>\n

PuTTYgen penceresinde, anahtar olu\u015fturma se\u00e7eneklerini g\u00f6receksiniz:
\n* Type of key to generate:<\/strong> Buradan olu\u015fturulacak anahtar\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7meniz gerekir. Modern ve g\u00fcvenli bir se\u00e7enek olan ED25519<\/strong>‘u se\u00e7meniz \u00f6nerilir. ED25519, daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck anahtar boyutlar\u0131na ra\u011fmen RSA’dan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik sunar ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer ED25519 se\u00e7ene\u011fi yoksa (eski PuTTYgen s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde olabilir), RSA<\/strong>‘y\u0131 se\u00e7ebilirsiniz.
\n* Number of bits in a generated key:<\/strong> E\u011fer RSA’y\u0131 se\u00e7tiyseniz, anahtar boyutunu belirlemeniz gerekir. Minimum 2048 bit \u00f6nerilirken, daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in 4096 bit se\u00e7ilmesi tavsiye edilir. ED25519 i\u00e7in bu ayar genellikle otomatik olarak belirlenir ve de\u011fi\u015ftirilemez.<\/p>\n

3. Anahtar Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n

“Generate” butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n. PuTTYgen, anahtarlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in rastgeleli\u011fe ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Bu nedenle, PuTTYgen penceresinin alt\u0131ndaki bo\u015f alanda farenizi rastgele hareket ettirmeniz istenecektir. Fare hareketleriniz, anahtar\u0131n rastgeleli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Anahtar olu\u015fturma s\u00fcreci tamamland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, genel anahtar (public key) PuTTYgen penceresinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnecektir.<\/p>\n

4. Anahtar Parolas\u0131 (Passphrase) Belirleme<\/h4>\n

Bu ad\u0131m, anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u00d6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in bir parola (passphrase) belirlemeniz \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. Bu parola, \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda yetkisiz eri\u015fimi engeller.
\n* Key passphrase:<\/strong> G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola girin. Bu, en az 12-16 karakter uzunlu\u011funda, b\u00fcy\u00fck\/k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck harf, rakam ve \u00f6zel karakterler i\u00e7eren bir c\u00fcmle olabilir. Parola ne kadar uzun ve karma\u015f\u0131ksa o kadar g\u00fcvenli olur.
\n* Confirm passphrase:<\/strong> Parolan\u0131z\u0131 tekrar girerek onaylay\u0131n.
\nBu parola, \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 PuTTY veya Pageant’a y\u00fckledi\u011finizde bir kez sorulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

5. \u00d6zel ve Genel Anahtarlar\u0131 Kaydetme<\/h4>\n

Anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir yere kaydetmeniz gerekmektedir:
\n* Save private key:<\/strong> “Save private key” butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n. Anahtar parolan\u0131z\u0131 belirlediyseniz, PuTTYgen sizi bir uyar\u0131 ile kar\u015f\u0131layabilir (anahtar\u0131 parola olmadan kaydetme se\u00e7ene\u011fi). G\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in her zaman parola ile kaydetmeyi tercih edin. \u00d6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, kolayca bulabilece\u011finiz ancak g\u00fcvenli bir konumda, \u00f6rne\u011fin C:\\Users\\Kullan\u0131c\u0131Ad\u0131n\u0131z\\.ssh\\<\/code> klas\u00f6r\u00fcnde veya belgelerinizde bir klas\u00f6rde .ppk<\/code> uzant\u0131s\u0131yla kaydedin (\u00f6rn: benim_vps_anahtarim.ppk<\/code>). Bu dosya asla kimseyle payla\u015f\u0131lmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n* Save public key:<\/strong> PuTTYgen penceresinde “Public key for pasting into OpenSSH authorized_keys file:” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz metin sizin genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu metni kopyalay\u0131n veya “Save public key” butonuna t\u0131klayarak bir dosyaya kaydedin (\u00f6rn: benim_vps_anahtarim.pub<\/code>). Genel anahtar\u0131 kopyalamak, bir sonraki ad\u0131mda VPS’inize yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in daha pratik olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z (\u00f6rne\u011fin benim_vps_anahtarim.ppk<\/code>) art\u0131k yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde saklanmaktad\u0131r. Bir sonraki ad\u0131m, genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 VPS’inize y\u00fcklemektir.<\/p>\n

Genel Anahtar\u0131 VPS’inize Y\u00fckleme<\/h3>\n

\u00d6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re, \u015fimdi genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 VPS’inize y\u00fcklemelisiniz. Bu, sunucunuzun sizin \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131zla kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapabilmesini sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

1. VPS’e Parola ile Ba\u011flanma (\u0130lk Kez)<\/h4>\n

Genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in, VPS’inize ilk olarak parola ile ba\u011flanman\u0131z gerekecektir. PuTTY’yi a\u00e7\u0131n, VPS’inizin IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 “Host Name (or IP address)” alan\u0131na girin ve “Open” butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n. Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (genellikle root<\/code> veya sudo yetkisine sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z) ve parolan\u0131z\u0131 girerek oturum a\u00e7\u0131n.<\/p>\n

2. SSH Dizinini Olu\u015fturma (Gerekirse)<\/h4>\n

VPS’inizde, SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131n sakland\u0131\u011f\u0131 standart bir dizin bulunur: ~\/.ssh\/<\/code>. Bu dizin, kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ana dizini alt\u0131nda gizli bir klas\u00f6rd\u00fcr. E\u011fer daha \u00f6nce SSH anahtar\u0131 kullanmad\u0131ysan\u0131z, bu dizin olmayabilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutlarla bu dizini olu\u015fturun ve gerekli izinleri verin:<\/p>\n

mkdir -p ~\/.ssh\nchmod 700 ~\/.ssh<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   mkdir -p ~\/.ssh<\/code>: Bu komut, .ssh<\/code> dizinini olu\u015fturur. -p<\/code> parametresi, e\u011fer \u00fcst dizinler de yoksa onlar\u0131 da olu\u015fturmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.
\n*   chmod 700 ~\/.ssh<\/code>: Bu komut, .ssh<\/code> dizininin izinlerini ayarlar. 700<\/code> izni, sadece dizinin sahibinin (yani sizin) bu dizine tam eri\u015fiminin (okuma, yazma, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma) olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir eri\u015fimi olmayacakt\u0131r. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in kritik bir ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
3. authorized_keys<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Olu\u015fturma\/D\u00fczenleme<\/h4>\n
Genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z, VPS’inizdeki ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code> adl\u0131 bir dosyaya kaydedilmelidir. Bu dosya, sunucuya SSH anahtarlar\u0131yla eri\u015fmesine izin verilen t\u00fcm genel anahtarlar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
*   Dosyay\u0131 D\u00fczenleme:<\/strong>
\n    Tercih etti\u011finiz bir metin d\u00fczenleyiciyi (nano, vi vb.) kullanarak authorized_keys<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n veya olu\u015fturun:<\/p>\n
nano ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Genel Anahtar\u0131 Yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/strong>
\n    PuTTYgen’den kopyalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z genel anahtar\u0131 bu dosyaya yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Genel anahtar tek bir uzun sat\u0131r olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve ssh-ed25519 AAAA...<\/code> veya ssh-rsa AAAA...<\/code> ile ba\u015flay\u0131p ==<\/code> ile bitmelidir. E\u011fer dosyada zaten ba\u015fka anahtarlar varsa, yeni anahtar\u0131 yeni bir sat\u0131ra ekleyin. Her anahtar ayr\u0131 bir sat\u0131rda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n    Yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra dosyay\u0131 kaydedin (Nano’da Ctrl+O<\/code>, Enter<\/code>, Ctrl+X<\/code>).<\/p>\n
*   Dosya \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama:<\/strong>
\n    authorized_keys<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n da do\u011fru izinlere sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Bu, yine g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan hayati bir ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code>: Bu komut, authorized_keys<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n izinlerini ayarlar. 600<\/code> izni, sadece dosyan\u0131n sahibinin (yani sizin) dosyay\u0131 okuma ve yazma eri\u015fimine sahip olaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Di\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n hi\u00e7bir eri\u015fimi olmayacakt\u0131r. Yanl\u0131\u015f izinler, SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n reddedilmesine neden olabilir.<\/p>\n
4. Parola Tabanl\u0131 Kimlik Do\u011frulamay\u0131 Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nerilen)<\/h4>\n
SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fczg\u00fcn \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olduktan sonra, sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamay\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir. Bu, sunucunuza yaln\u0131zca SSH anahtarlar\u0131yla eri\u015filebilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir ve kaba kuvvet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6nemli bir savunma sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
*   sshd_config<\/code> Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme:<\/strong>
\n    SSH sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olan sshd_config<\/code>‘i d\u00fczenleyin:<\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Gerekli Ayarlar\u0131 Yapma:<\/strong>
\n    A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bulun ve de\u011ferlerini belirtildi\u011fi gibi ayarlay\u0131n (ba\u015f\u0131nda #<\/code> i\u015fareti varsa kald\u0131r\u0131n):<\/p>\n
PubkeyAuthentication yes\n    PasswordAuthentication no\n    ChallengeResponseAuthentication no\n    UsePAM no\n    PermitRootLogin prohibit-password  # veya no<\/code><\/pre>\n
    *   PubkeyAuthentication yes<\/code>: Genel anahtar kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirir.
\n    *   PasswordAuthentication no<\/code>: Parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamay\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bu ad\u0131m\u0131, anahtar tabanl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmadan YAPMAYIN!<\/strong>
\n    *   ChallengeResponseAuthentication no<\/code>: Genellikle parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulama ile ili\u015fkili olan meydan okuma-yan\u0131t kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r.
\n    *   UsePAM no<\/code>: PAM (Pluggable Authentication Modules) kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131r. Baz\u0131 durumlarda parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131 etkileyebilir.
\n    *   PermitRootLogin prohibit-password<\/code>: root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan parola ile giri\u015fini yasaklar. prohibit-password<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi, yaln\u0131zca anahtar tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131na izin verirken, no<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde giri\u015f yapmas\u0131na izin vermez (g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in daha iyidir, ancak sudo<\/code> yetkili ba\u015fka bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya sahip olman\u0131z gerekir).<\/p>\n
*   SSH Servisini Yeniden Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong>
\n    De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra, SSH servisini yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart sshd<\/code><\/pre>\n
    veya baz\u0131 sistemlerde<\/p>\n
sudo service sshd restart<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00d6NEML\u0130:<\/strong> Parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamay\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmadan \u00f6nce, yeni olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz SSH anahtar\u0131n\u0131zla VPS’inize sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanabildi\u011finizden kesinlikle emin olun. Aksi takdirde, sunucunuza eri\u015fiminizi kaybedebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
PuTTY ile SSH Anahtarlar\u0131 Kullanarak VPS’e Ba\u011flanma<\/h3>\n
Genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 VPS’inize y\u00fckledikten ve sunucu taraf\u0131ndaki ayarlar\u0131 yapt\u0131ktan sonra, art\u0131k PuTTY kullanarak \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131zla VPS’inize g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
1. PuTTY’i Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
PuTTY uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n.<\/p>\n
2. Oturum Ayarlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
*   Session Kategorisi:<\/strong> Sol taraftaki men\u00fcden “Session” kategorisini se\u00e7in.
\n*   Host Name (or IP address):<\/strong> VPS’inizin IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 buraya girin (\u00f6rn: kullanici_adiniz@your_vps_ip<\/code> veya sadece your_vps_ip<\/code>). E\u011fer kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 burada belirtirseniz, daha sonra tekrar girmenize gerek kalmaz.
\n*   Port:<\/strong> SSH i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan port 22’dir. E\u011fer VPS’inizde SSH portunu de\u011fi\u015ftirdiyseniz, yeni port numaras\u0131n\u0131 buraya girin.
\n*   Connection type:<\/strong> “SSH” olarak se\u00e7ili oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
3. \u00d6zel Anahtar\u0131 Tan\u0131tma<\/h4>\n
*   SSH -> Auth Kategorisi:<\/strong> Sol men\u00fcden “Connection” alt\u0131nda “SSH” ve ard\u0131ndan “Auth” (Authentication) kategorisine gidin.
\n*   Private key file for authentication:<\/strong> “Browse…” butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n ve PuTTYgen ile olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz ve .ppk<\/code> uzant\u0131s\u0131yla kaydetti\u011finiz \u00f6zel anahtar dosyan\u0131z\u0131 (\u00f6rn: benim_vps_anahtarim.ppk<\/code>) se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n
4. Otomatik Oturum A\u00e7ma Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Ad\u0131 (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131)<\/h4>\n
*   Connection -> Data Kategorisi:<\/strong> Sol men\u00fcden “Connection” alt\u0131nda “Data” kategorisine gidin.
\n*   Auto-login username:<\/strong> VPS’inize ba\u011flan\u0131rken otomatik olarak kullan\u0131lacak kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 (\u00f6rn: root<\/code> veya sizin_kullanici_adiniz<\/code>) buraya girin. Bu, her ba\u011flant\u0131da kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 tekrar girmek zorunda kalmaman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
5. Oturumu Kaydetme<\/h4>\n
Ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kaydetmek, her seferinde bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tekrar yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar:
\n*   Session Kategorisi:<\/strong> Tekrar “Session” kategorisine d\u00f6n\u00fcn.
\n*   Saved Sessions:<\/strong> “Saved Sessions” alan\u0131na bu ba\u011flant\u0131 i\u00e7in bir isim girin (\u00f6rn: My_VPS_SSH_Key<\/code>).
\n*   Save:<\/strong> “Save” butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n. Art\u0131k bu oturum ayarlar\u0131n\u0131z kaydedilmi\u015ftir. Gelecekte ba\u011flanmak i\u00e7in sadece kaydedilmi\u015f oturumu se\u00e7ip “Load” ve ard\u0131ndan “Open” demeniz yeterli olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
6. Ba\u011flant\u0131 Kurma<\/h4>\n
“Open” butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n. PuTTY bir terminal penceresi a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.
\n*   E\u011fer \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 olu\u015ftururken bir parola (passphrase) belirlediyseniz, PuTTY sizden bu parolay\u0131 isteyecektir. Parolan\u0131z\u0131 girin ve Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.
\n*   E\u011fer her \u015fey do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131ysa, VPS’inize ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanacak ve komut sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\n
Tebrikler! SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak VPS’inize g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ba\u011fland\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Pageant ile Anahtar Y\u00f6netimi (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 ama \u00d6nerilen)<\/h3>\n
Her ba\u011flant\u0131da \u00f6zel anahtar parolas\u0131n\u0131 (passphrase) girmek, \u00f6zellikle s\u0131k s\u0131k sunuculara ba\u011flan\u0131yorsan\u0131z veya birden fazla anahtar\u0131n\u0131z varsa yorucu olabilir. Pageant (PuTTY Authentication Agent), bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Pageant, \u00f6zel anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u015fifrelenmi\u015f bir \u015fekilde bellekte tutar ve oturumunuz boyunca bu anahtarlar\u0131 kullanarak PuTTY’nin parola sormadan ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
1. Pageant’\u0131 Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
Pageant, PuTTY paketinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Ba\u015flat men\u00fcs\u00fcnden veya masa\u00fcst\u00fc k\u0131sayolundan “Pageant” uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Pageant, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genellikle sistem tepsisinde (saatin yan\u0131nda) k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir bilgisayar simgesi olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Herhangi bir pencere a\u00e7\u0131lmaz, sadece arka planda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n
2. Anahtarlar\u0131 Pageant’a Y\u00fckleme<\/h4>\n
*   Sistem tepsisindeki Pageant simgesine sa\u011f t\u0131klay\u0131n ve “Add Key” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in.
\n*   Bir dosya se\u00e7im penceresi a\u00e7\u0131lacakt\u0131r. PuTTYgen ile olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz \u00f6zel anahtar dosyan\u0131z\u0131 (\u00f6rn: benim_vps_anahtarim.ppk<\/code>) se\u00e7in ve “A\u00e7” butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n*   E\u011fer \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in bir parola (passphrase) belirlediyseniz, Pageant sizden bu parolay\u0131 isteyecektir. Parolay\u0131 girin ve “OK” butonuna t\u0131klay\u0131n.
\n*   Anahtar\u0131n\u0131z Pageant’a y\u00fcklendi\u011finde, sistem tepsisindeki Pageant simgesine tekrar sa\u011f t\u0131klay\u0131p “View Keys” se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7erek y\u00fckl\u00fc anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Art\u0131k PuTTY ile bir VPS’e ba\u011flan\u0131rken, PuTTY Pageant’a y\u00fckl\u00fc anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edecek ve e\u011fer uygun bir anahtar bulursa, sizden parola istemeden otomatik olarak kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 yapacakt\u0131r. Bu, \u00f6zellikle birden fazla sunucuya ba\u011flan\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve her biri i\u00e7in ayn\u0131 \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z b\u00fcy\u00fck bir kolayl\u0131k sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
3. Pageant’\u0131 Otomatik Ba\u015flatma (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131)<\/h4>\n
Pageant’\u0131 her Windows ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda otomatik olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak isterseniz, bir k\u0131sayol olu\u015fturabilirsiniz:
\n*   Ba\u015flat men\u00fcs\u00fcnden “Pageant” uygulamas\u0131n\u0131 bulun.
\n*   Sa\u011f t\u0131klay\u0131n ve “Dosya konumunu a\u00e7” (veya “Daha fazla” -> “Dosya konumunu a\u00e7”) se\u00e7ene\u011fini se\u00e7in.
\n*   Pageant.exe’nin k\u0131sayolunu kopyalay\u0131n.
\n*   Win + R<\/code> tu\u015flar\u0131na bas\u0131n, shell:startup<\/code> yaz\u0131n ve Enter’a bas\u0131n. Bu, Windows’un ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 klas\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7acakt\u0131r.
\n*   Kopyalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z Pageant k\u0131sayolunu bu klas\u00f6re yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Bu sayede, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 her ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda Pageant otomatik olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak ve \u00f6zel anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (bir kez parola girerek) y\u00fckleyerek s\u00fcrekli olarak haz\u0131r tutacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h3>\n
SSH anahtarlar\u0131 ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kurarken baz\u0131 sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak olas\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte en yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve olas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
1. Server refused our key<\/code> Hatas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Bu hata, sunucunun g\u00f6nderdi\u011finiz \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131 kabul etmedi\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.
\n*   Olas\u0131 Nedenler ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/strong>
\n    *   Genel Anahtar Yanl\u0131\u015f Y\u00fcklendi:<\/strong> ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code> dosyas\u0131na genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun. Her anahtar ayr\u0131 bir sat\u0131rda olmal\u0131 ve ba\u015f\u0131nda\/sonunda bo\u015fluk olmamal\u0131d\u0131r.
\n    *   Dosya\/Dizin \u0130zinleri Yanl\u0131\u015f:<\/strong> VPS’inizdeki ~\/.ssh<\/code> dizininin izinleri 700<\/code> (drwx------<\/code>) ve ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n izinleri 600<\/code> (-rw-------<\/code>) olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yanl\u0131\u015f izinler sunucunun anahtar\u0131 okumas\u0131n\u0131 engeller. SSH ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 ile VPS’inize ba\u011flan\u0131p ls -ld ~\/.ssh<\/code> ve ls -l ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla izinleri kontrol edin ve gerekirse chmod 700 ~\/.ssh<\/code> ve chmod 600 ~\/.ssh\/authorized_keys<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla d\u00fczeltin.
\n    *   Yanl\u0131\u015f \u00d6zel Anahtar:<\/strong> PuTTY’de do\u011fru .ppk<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ti\u011finizden emin olun. Birden fazla anahtar\u0131n\u0131z varsa, do\u011fru anahtar\u0131 se\u00e7ti\u011finizden emin olun.
\n    *   SSH Servisi Yeniden Ba\u015flat\u0131lmad\u0131:<\/strong> sshd_config<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapt\u0131ysan\u0131z, SSH servisini yeniden ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun (sudo systemctl restart sshd<\/code>).
\n    *   Anahtar Format\u0131 Sorunu:<\/strong> PuTTYgen ile olu\u015fturulan .ppk<\/code> uzant\u0131l\u0131 anahtarlar PuTTY i\u00e7in do\u011frudur. OpenSSH format\u0131ndaki anahtarlar\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, PuTTYgen ile .ppk<\/code> format\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeniz gerekebilir (PuTTYgen’de “Conversions” men\u00fcs\u00fc).<\/p>\n
2. No supported authentication methods available<\/code> Hatas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Bu hata, sunucunun size kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 i\u00e7in sunabilece\u011fi hi\u00e7bir y\u00f6ntemin (parola, genel anahtar vb.) bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.
\n*   Olas\u0131 Nedenler ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/strong>
\n    *   sshd_config<\/code> Ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong> VPS’inizdeki \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda PasswordAuthentication no<\/code> ve PubkeyAuthentication no<\/code> gibi ayarlar\u0131n her ikisinin de no<\/code> olarak ayarlanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 bu hataya yol a\u00e7abilir. PubkeyAuthentication yes<\/code> oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamay\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131ysan\u0131z, anahtar tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor demektir. Bu durumda, sunucuya ba\u015fka bir y\u00f6ntemle (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bulut sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n konsolu \u00fczerinden) eri\u015fip sshd_config<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltmeniz gerekebilir.
\n    *   SSH Servisi \u00c7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor:<\/strong> SSH servisi VPS’inizde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yor olabilir. sudo systemctl status sshd<\/code> komutu ile kontrol edin ve gerekirse sudo systemctl start sshd<\/code> ile ba\u015flat\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3. Yanl\u0131\u015f Parola (Passphrase)<\/h4>\n
\u00d6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in belirledi\u011finiz parolay\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015f girerseniz ba\u011flant\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur.
\n*   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Parolan\u0131z\u0131 dikkatlice tekrar girin. E\u011fer parolan\u0131z\u0131 unuttuysan\u0131z, yeni bir anahtar \u00e7ifti olu\u015fturman\u0131z ve VPS’e yeniden y\u00fcklemeniz gerekecektir.<\/p>\n
4. Genel Anahtar\u0131n Yanl\u0131\u015f Kopyalanmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 authorized_keys<\/code> dosyas\u0131na kopyalarken yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla bir bo\u015fluk, sat\u0131r sonu veya eksik karakter eklemek ba\u011flant\u0131 sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.
\n*   \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> authorized_keys<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 tekrar a\u00e7\u0131n ve PuTTYgen’den kopyalad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z orijinal genel anahtar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n. Tamamen ayn\u0131 oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
5. Ba\u011flant\u0131 Zaman A\u015f\u0131m\u0131 (Connection Timed Out)<\/h4>\n
Bu genellikle a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 sorunlar\u0131ndan veya yanl\u0131\u015f IP adresi\/port numaras\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r.
\n*   Olas\u0131 Nedenler ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/strong>
\n    *   Yanl\u0131\u015f IP\/Port:<\/strong> PuTTY’de do\u011fru IP adresini ve port numaras\u0131n\u0131 girdi\u011finizden emin olun.
\n    *   G\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131:<\/strong> VPS’inizin g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 (ufw, firewalld veya bulut sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenlik grubu) SSH portuna (varsay\u0131lan 22) gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 engelliyor olabilir. G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol edin ve SSH portuna (veya de\u011fi\u015ftirdiyseniz yeni porta) izin verdi\u011finizden emin olun.
\n    *   A\u011f Sorunlar\u0131:<\/strong> Yerel a\u011f\u0131n\u0131zda veya VPS sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n a\u011f\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici bir sorun olabilir.<\/p>\n
Bu sorun giderme ad\u0131mlar\u0131, SSH anahtarlar\u0131yla ba\u011flant\u0131 kurarken kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan \u00e7o\u011fu yayg\u0131n sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Unutmay\u0131n, en iyi uygulama, herhangi bir g\u00fcvenlik ayar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeden \u00f6nce her zaman bir yedekleme yapmak ve anahtar tabanl\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmadan parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamay\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ek G\u00fcvenlik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h3>\n
SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak, VPS’inizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r, ancak alabilece\u011finiz ba\u015fka \u00f6nlemler de vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
1. SSH Portunu De\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n
Varsay\u0131lan SSH portu 22’dir ve bu port, otomatik tarama yapan botlar\u0131n ve sald\u0131rganlar\u0131n ilk hedefidir. SSH portunu standart olmayan bir porta (\u00f6rne\u011fin 2222, 22022 vb.) de\u011fi\u015ftirmek, sunucunuza y\u00f6nelik otomatik sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 azalt\u0131r.
\n*   \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyin.
\n*   #Port 22<\/code> sat\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 bulun, ba\u015f\u0131ndaki #<\/code> i\u015faretini kald\u0131r\u0131n ve 22 yerine istedi\u011finiz yeni port numaras\u0131n\u0131 yaz\u0131n (\u00f6rn: Port 22022<\/code>).
\n*   SSH servisini yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n (sudo systemctl restart sshd<\/code>).
\n*   G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131zda yeni porta izin verdi\u011finizden emin olun.
\n*   PuTTY’de ba\u011flant\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131zda da yeni portu belirtmeyi unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
2. Fail2ban Gibi Ara\u00e7lar Kullanma<\/h4>\n
Fail2ban, sunucunuzdaki log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 izleyerek ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z giri\u015f denemelerini alg\u0131layan ve belirli bir say\u0131da ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z denemeden sonra IP adreslerini otomatik olarak engelleyen bir g\u00fcvenlik arac\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, kaba kuvvet sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 ek bir koruma katman\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
3. root<\/code> ile Do\u011frudan Giri\u015fi Devre D\u0131\u015f\u0131 B\u0131rakma<\/h4>\n
root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131, Linux sistemlerinde en y\u00fcksek yetkilere sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131d\u0131r ve bu nedenle hedefteki bir numaral\u0131 hesapt\u0131r. root<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n do\u011frudan SSH ile giri\u015f yapmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek, sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r. Bunun yerine, sudo yetkilerine sahip standart bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 hesab\u0131 olu\u015fturun ve bu hesapla giri\u015f yap\u0131n. Gerekti\u011finde sudo<\/code> komutunu kullanarak y\u00fckseltilmi\u015f yetkilerle i\u015flem yap\u0131n.
\n*   \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda PermitRootLogin no<\/code> (veya prohibit-password<\/code> e\u011fer anahtar ile root giri\u015fi istiyorsan\u0131z) olarak ayarlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
4. Daha Az Yetkili Kullan\u0131c\u0131lar Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
Farkl\u0131 uygulamalar veya hizmetler i\u00e7in farkl\u0131, daha az yetkili kullan\u0131c\u0131lar olu\u015fturun. Her zaman root<\/code> veya sudo<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yla i\u015flem yapmak yerine, yaln\u0131zca belirli g\u00f6revler i\u00e7in gerekli minimum yetkilere sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131lar kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n
5. D\u00fczenli Yedeklemeler<\/h4>\n
G\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleri ne kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc olursa olsun, hi\u00e7bir sistem %100 g\u00fcvenli de\u011fildir. D\u00fczenli ve otomatik yedeklemeler, olas\u0131 bir g\u00fcvenlik ihlali veya sistem ar\u0131zas\u0131 durumunda verilerinizi kurtarman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
6. SSH Anahtar Parolas\u0131n\u0131 (Passphrase) Kullan\u0131n<\/h4>\n
Yukar\u0131da da belirtildi\u011fi gibi, \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bir parola ile korumak, anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131nmas\u0131 durumunda ek bir g\u00fcvenlik katman\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Bu ek g\u00fcvenlik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131, SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 temel korumay\u0131 daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirerek VPS’inizin genel g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
Bu makalede, Windows i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde PuTTY, PuTTYgen ve Pageant ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturma, genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 VPS’inize y\u00fckleme ve bu anahtarlar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flant\u0131 kurma s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele ald\u0131k. SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131n parola tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamaya k\u0131yasla sundu\u011fu \u00fcst\u00fcn g\u00fcvenlik ve kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131, modern sunucu y\u00f6netimi i\u00e7in vazge\u00e7ilmez bir ara\u00e7 olmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 yerel bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde saklamak, genel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 VPS’inize do\u011fru izinlerle y\u00fcklemek ve tercihen \u00f6zel anahtar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bir parola ile korumak, bu g\u00fcvenlik modelinin temelini olu\u015fturur. Pageant gibi anahtar arac\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlar\u0131, anahtar parolas\u0131n\u0131 her seferinde girmek zorunda kalmadan birden fazla sunucuya sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanma kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sunar.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilecek yayg\u0131n sorunlar\u0131 ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerini inceleyerek olas\u0131 engelleri a\u015fman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131k. SSH portunu de\u011fi\u015ftirme, Fail2ban kullanma, root<\/code> ile do\u011frudan giri\u015fi devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakma gibi ek g\u00fcvenlik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 da VPS’inizin genel g\u00fcvenlik duru\u015funu daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmek i\u00e7in atabilece\u011finiz ad\u0131mlar\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n
Dijital d\u00fcnyada g\u00fcvenlik, s\u00fcrekli bir \u00e7aba ve \u00f6\u011frenme s\u00fcrecidir. SSH anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde kullanmak, sunucu g\u00fcvenli\u011finiz i\u00e7in ataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlardan biridir. Bu rehberin, VPS’lerinize daha g\u00fcvenli ve verimli bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131n\u0131 umuyoruz. G\u00fcvenli ba\u011flant\u0131lar dileriz!<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"SSH Anahtarlar\u0131 ile PuTTY Kullanarak VPS’e G\u00fcvenli Ba\u011flant\u0131 Kurma Rehberi\nGiri\u015f: SSH Anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nemi ve Neden Kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z?\nG\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-31043","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nSSH Anahtarlar\u0131 ile PuTTY Kullanarak VPS'e G\u00fcvenli Ba\u011flant\u0131 Kurma Rehberi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ssh-anahtarlari-ile-putty-kullanarak-vpse-guvenli-baglanti-kurma-rehberi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SSH Anahtarlar\u0131 ile PuTTY Kullanarak VPS'e G\u00fcvenli Ba\u011flant\u0131 Kurma Rehberi\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SSH Anahtarlar\u0131 ile PuTTY Kullanarak VPS'e G\u00fcvenli Ba\u011flant\u0131 Kurma Rehberi Giri\u015f: SSH Anahtarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00d6nemi ve Neden Kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z? 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