{"id":30876,"date":"2025-10-03T00:42:19","date_gmt":"2025-10-02T21:42:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=30876"},"modified":"2025-10-03T00:42:19","modified_gmt":"2025-10-02T21:42:19","slug":"spf-kaydi-nedir-ve-neden-onemlidir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/spf-kaydi-nedir-ve-neden-onemlidir\/","title":{"rendered":"SPF Kayd\u0131 Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<h2>SPF Kayd\u0131 Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h2>\n<p>E-posta ileti\u015fimi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz dijital d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, bu kolayl\u0131k beraberinde kimlik av\u0131 (phishing), spam ve e-posta sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi g\u00fcvenlik risklerini de getirir. \u0130\u015fte tam da bu noktada, alan ad\u0131n\u0131zdan g\u00f6nderilen e-postalar\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve teslim edilebilirli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in SPF (Sender Policy Framework) kayd\u0131 devreye girer.<\/p>\n<p>SPF, bir e-posta kimlik do\u011frulama standard\u0131d\u0131r. Temel amac\u0131, bir alan ad\u0131ndan e-posta g\u00f6ndermeye yetkili sunucular\u0131 belirleyerek, al\u0131c\u0131 e-posta sunucular\u0131n\u0131n gelen e-postalar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekten yetkili bir kaynaktan gelip gelmedi\u011fini do\u011frulamas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131makt\u0131r. Basit\u00e7e ifade etmek gerekirse, SPF kayd\u0131 alan ad\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in bir &#8220;kimler e-posta g\u00f6nderebilir&#8221; listesi gibidir.<\/p>\n<p>Bir e-posta g\u00f6nderildi\u011finde, al\u0131c\u0131 sunucu g\u00f6nderen alan ad\u0131n\u0131n DNS (Domain Name System) kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Bu kay\u0131tlardan biri de TXT tipi SPF kayd\u0131d\u0131r. Al\u0131c\u0131 sunucu, e-postay\u0131 g\u00f6nderen IP adresinin, SPF kayd\u0131nda listelenen yetkili IP adresleri veya sunucular aras\u0131nda olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. E\u011fer adres listede yoksa, e-posta b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla spam olarak i\u015faretlenir, karantinaya al\u0131n\u0131r veya tamamen reddedilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Google Workspace (eski ad\u0131yla Google Apps) kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in SPF kayd\u0131 neden bu kadar \u00f6nemlidir?<\/strong><br \/>\nGoogle Workspace \u00fczerinden e-posta g\u00f6nderdi\u011finizde (\u00f6rne\u011fin Gmail, i\u015f e-postan\u0131z olarak), Google&#8217;\u0131n sunucular\u0131 sizin ad\u0131n\u0131za e-posta g\u00f6nderir. E\u011fer alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n SPF kayd\u0131nda Google&#8217;\u0131n sunucular\u0131n\u0131n yetkili g\u00f6nderici oldu\u011fu belirtilmezse, al\u0131c\u0131 sunucular bu e-postalar\u0131 &#8220;sahte&#8221; veya &#8220;yetkisiz&#8221; olarak alg\u0131layabilir. Bu durum, e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n spam klas\u00f6r\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fmesine, hatta hi\u00e7 ula\u015fmamas\u0131na neden olabilir. Do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir SPF kayd\u0131:<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>E-posta Teslim Edilebilirli\u011fini Art\u0131r\u0131r:<\/strong> E-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n gelen kutusuna ula\u015fma \u015fans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde y\u00fckseltir.<br \/>\n*   <strong>Alan Ad\u0131 \u0130tibar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Korur:<\/strong> Alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcye kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek spam listelerine d\u00fc\u015fme riskini azalt\u0131r.<br \/>\n*   <strong>Kimlik Av\u0131 ve Sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00d6nler:<\/strong> K\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli ki\u015filerin alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kullanarak sahte e-postalar g\u00f6ndermesini zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Bu rehberde, Google Workspace ile sorunsuz bir e-posta deneyimi i\u00e7in alan ad\u0131n\u0131za nas\u0131l bir SPF kayd\u0131 ekleyece\u011finizi veya mevcut kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l g\u00fcncelleyece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>Google Workspace (Google Apps) i\u00e7in SPF Kayd\u0131 Olu\u015fturma Ad\u0131mlar\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Google Workspace hizmetlerini kullanarak e-posta g\u00f6nderiyorsan\u0131z, e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde teslim edildi\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131na Google&#8217;\u0131n SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131 eklemeniz kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u0130\u015fte ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z:<\/p>\n<h3>Mevcut SPF Kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Kontrol Etme<\/h3>\n<p>Yeni bir SPF kayd\u0131 olu\u015fturmadan \u00f6nce, alan ad\u0131n\u0131zda zaten bir SPF kayd\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmeniz \u00f6nemlidir. Bir alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca bir SPF kayd\u0131 bulunabilir. Birden fazla SPF kayd\u0131 olmas\u0131, e-posta teslimat sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<p>Mevcut SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<br \/>\n*   MXToolbox: <code>mxtoolbox.com\/spf.aspx<\/code><br \/>\n*   Kitterman: <code>kitterman.com\/spf\/validate.html<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Bu sitelere alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>alanadiniz.com<\/code>) yazarak sorgulama yap\u0131n. E\u011fer bir SPF kayd\u0131 bulunursa, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131da <code>v=spf1 ...<\/code> ile ba\u015flayan bir TXT kayd\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz. E\u011fer bir kay\u0131t yoksa, &#8220;No SPF Record Found&#8221; (SPF Kayd\u0131 Bulunamad\u0131) gibi bir mesaj al\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h3>Google Workspace i\u00e7in Gerekli SPF Kayd\u0131 De\u011feri<\/h3>\n<p>Google Workspace i\u00e7in kullanman\u0131z gereken standart ve \u00f6nerilen SPF kayd\u0131 de\u011feri \u015fudur:<\/p>\n<p><code>v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all<\/code><\/p>\n<p>Bu kayd\u0131n anlam\u0131 \u015fudur:<br \/>\n*   <code>v=spf1<\/code>: Bu, kayd\u0131n bir SPF s\u00fcr\u00fcm 1 kayd\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirtir.<br \/>\n*   <code>include:_spf.google.com<\/code>: Bu k\u0131s\u0131m, al\u0131c\u0131 sunuculara Google&#8217;\u0131n yetkili g\u00f6nderici sunucular\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmelerini s\u00f6yler. Google, bu <code>_spf.google.com<\/code> adresinde kendi yetkili IP adreslerini ve sunucular\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncel olarak tutar.<br \/>\n*   <code>~all<\/code>: Bu mekanizma, SPF kayd\u0131nda a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a listelenmeyen di\u011fer t\u00fcm sunuculardan gelen e-postalar\u0131n &#8220;softfail&#8221; (yumu\u015fak hata) olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtir. Bu, al\u0131c\u0131 sunucunun bu e-postalar\u0131 potansiyel olarak \u015f\u00fcpheli kabul etmesi ancak hemen reddetmemesi anlam\u0131na gelir. Google, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta <code>~all<\/code> kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nerir. Daha kat\u0131 bir politika i\u00e7in (<code>-all<\/code>), e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kesinlikle yaln\u0131zca SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131zda listelenen sunuculardan g\u00f6nderildi\u011finden eminseniz kullanabilirsiniz. Ancak bu, yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rmada \u00f6nemli teslimat sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Alan Ad\u0131 Sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n DNS Y\u00f6netim Paneline Eri\u015fim<\/h3>\n<p>SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 eklemek veya d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 tescil etti\u011finiz veya DNS&#8217;ini y\u00f6netti\u011finiz yere (alan ad\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z veya hosting \u015firketiniz) giri\u015f yapman\u0131z gerekecektir. Yayg\u0131n alan ad\u0131 sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 aras\u0131nda GoDaddy, Namecheap, Google Domains, Cloudflare, T\u00fcrk Telekom, Natro vb. bulunur.<\/p>\n<p>Giri\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, genellikle &#8220;DNS Y\u00f6netimi&#8221;, &#8220;Geli\u015fmi\u015f DNS&#8221;, &#8220;Zone Editor&#8221; veya benzeri bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm aray\u0131n. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n A, CNAME, MX ve TXT gibi kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netebilece\u011finiz yerdir.<\/p>\n<h3>Yeni Bir TXT Kayd\u0131 Ekleme veya Mevcut Kayd\u0131 D\u00fczenleme<\/h3>\n<p>DNS y\u00f6netim panelinize ula\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra, iki farkl\u0131 senaryo ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<h4>Senaryo 1: Alan Ad\u0131n\u0131zda Hi\u00e7 SPF Kayd\u0131 Yoksa<\/h4>\n<p>1.  <strong>Yeni bir kay\u0131t ekleme se\u00e7ene\u011fini bulun.<\/strong> Bu genellikle &#8220;Yeni Kay\u0131t Ekle&#8221;, &#8220;Add Record&#8221; veya &#8220;TXT Kayd\u0131 Ekle&#8221; \u015feklinde bir d\u00fc\u011fme veya ba\u011flant\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<br \/>\n2.  <strong>Kay\u0131t Tipini (Type) se\u00e7in:<\/strong> <code>TXT<\/code> olarak ayarlay\u0131n.<br \/>\n3.  <strong>Ana Bilgisayar (Host) \/ Ad (Name) \/ @:<\/strong> Bu alana genellikle <code>@<\/code> i\u015faretini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n kendisini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>alanadiniz.com<\/code>) yaz\u0131n. Baz\u0131 panellerde bu alan varsay\u0131lan olarak bo\u015f b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ana alan ad\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder.<br \/>\n4.  <strong>De\u011fer (Value) \/ Metin (Text):<\/strong> Bu alana Google Workspace i\u00e7in gerekli SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131 yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<br \/>\n    <code>v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all<\/code><br \/>\n5.  <strong>TTL (Time To Live):<\/strong> Bu, DNS sunucular\u0131n\u0131n kayd\u0131 ne kadar s\u00fcreyle \u00f6nbelle\u011fe alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler. Varsay\u0131lan de\u011feri (genellikle 3600 saniye veya 1 saat) b\u0131rakabilirsiniz. Daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131lma i\u00e7in bazen daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir de\u011fer (\u00f6rne\u011fin 300 saniye) se\u00e7ebilirsiniz, ancak bu DNS sunucular\u0131nda daha fazla y\u00fck yaratabilir.<br \/>\n6.  <strong>Kaydet (Save) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h4>Senaryo 2: Alan Ad\u0131n\u0131zda Zaten Bir SPF Kayd\u0131 Varsa<\/h4>\n<p>E\u011fer mevcut bir SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z varsa (\u00f6rne\u011fin, ba\u015fka bir e-posta hizmeti veya pazarlama arac\u0131 i\u00e7in), yeni bir kay\u0131t olu\u015fturmak yerine mevcut kayd\u0131 d\u00fczenlemeniz gerekir. Unutmay\u0131n, bir alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in birden fazla SPF kayd\u0131 olamaz.<\/p>\n<p>1.  <strong>Mevcut SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bulun.<\/strong> Bu, tipik olarak <code>v=spf1<\/code> ile ba\u015flayan bir TXT kayd\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<br \/>\n2.  <strong>Kayd\u0131 d\u00fczenle (Edit) se\u00e7ene\u011fine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/strong><br \/>\n3.  <strong>De\u011fer (Value) \/ Metin (Text) alan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelleyin.<\/strong> Google Workspace&#8217;i mevcut SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131za eklemek i\u00e7in <code>include:_spf.google.com<\/code> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 mevcut kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n <code>v=spf1<\/code> ve <code>all<\/code> mekanizmalar\u0131 aras\u0131na eklemeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>    \u00d6rnek:<br \/>\n    Mevcut SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z \u015f\u00f6yle olabilir:<br \/>\n    <code>v=spf1 include:mailgun.org ~all<\/code><\/p>\n<p>    Bunu Google Workspace&#8217;i de i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde g\u00fcncelledikten sonra \u015f\u00f6yle g\u00f6r\u00fcnmelidir:<br \/>\n    <code>v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:mailgun.org ~all<\/code><\/p>\n<p>    Veya ba\u015fka bir hizmet i\u00e7in:<br \/>\n    <code>v=spf1 include:sendgrid.net include:_spf.google.com ~all<\/code><\/p>\n<p>    S\u0131ra genellikle \u00f6nemli de\u011fildir, ancak <code>v=spf1<\/code> ba\u015fta ve <code>all<\/code> mekanizmas\u0131 sonda olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n4.  <strong>TTL de\u011ferini kontrol edin<\/strong> ve gerekirse varsay\u0131lan olarak b\u0131rak\u0131n.<br \/>\n5.  <strong>Kaydet (Save) d\u00fc\u011fmesine t\u0131klay\u0131n.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6nemli Not:<\/strong> DNS de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin internet genelinde yay\u0131lmas\u0131 (propagation) biraz zaman alabilir. Bu s\u00fcre genellikle birka\u00e7 dakika ile 48 saat aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015febilir. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n teslimat\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar ya\u015fanmas\u0131 nadiren de olsa m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<h2>SPF Kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 Test Etme ve Do\u011frulama<\/h2>\n<p>SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ekledikten veya g\u00fcncelledikten sonra, do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in test etmeniz \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu, potansiyel teslimat sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>1.  <strong>Biraz Bekleyin:<\/strong> DNS de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin d\u00fcnya genelindeki DNS sunucular\u0131na yay\u0131lmas\u0131 (propagation) zaman al\u0131r. Genellikle 1-2 saat i\u00e7inde \u00e7o\u011fu yerde g\u00fcncellenir, ancak tam yay\u0131l\u0131m 48 saate kadar s\u00fcrebilir. Bu nedenle, kayd\u0131 ekledikten hemen sonra kontrol etmek yerine bir s\u00fcre beklemeniz \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<p>2.  <strong>\u00c7evrimi\u00e7i SPF Kontrol Ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Kullan\u0131n:<\/strong> Daha \u00f6nce mevcut kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol etmek i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z ayn\u0131 ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<br \/>\n    *   MXToolbox SPF Checker: <code>mxtoolbox.com\/spf.aspx<\/code><br \/>\n    *   Kitterman SPF Validator: <code>kitterman.com\/spf\/validate.html<\/code><\/p>\n<p>    Bu ara\u00e7lara alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code>alanadiniz.com<\/code>) girin ve sorgulama yap\u0131n. \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da \u015funlar\u0131 aramal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z:<br \/>\n    *   <strong>Do\u011fru Google Workspace kayd\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131:<\/strong> Kayd\u0131n <code>v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all<\/code> veya benzeri bir \u015fekilde, di\u011fer hizmetleri de i\u00e7eriyorsa do\u011fru birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f haliyle g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesi gerekir.<br \/>\n    *   <strong>Hata mesaj\u0131 olmamas\u0131:<\/strong> &#8220;Multiple SPF records found&#8221; (Birden fazla SPF kayd\u0131 bulundu) veya &#8220;PermError&#8221; (\u0130zin Hatas\u0131) gibi uyar\u0131lar olmamal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu t\u00fcr hatalar, SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<br \/>\n    *   <strong>Ge\u00e7erli bir s\u00f6zdizimi (syntax):<\/strong> Arac\u0131n kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ge\u00e7erli olarak tan\u0131mas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>    \u00d6rne\u011fin, MXToolbox&#8217;ta ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir kontrol\u00fcn \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131, SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n listelendi\u011fini ve herhangi bir kritik hata g\u00f6stermedi\u011fini belirtmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>3.  <strong>Test E-postas\u0131 G\u00f6nderin:<\/strong> SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olman\u0131n en iyi yollar\u0131ndan biri, alan ad\u0131n\u0131zdan farkl\u0131 e-posta sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na (Gmail, Outlook, Yahoo vb.) test e-postalar\u0131 g\u00f6ndermektir.<\/p>\n<p>    *   G\u00f6nderdi\u011finiz e-postalar\u0131n al\u0131c\u0131 kutusuna ula\u015f\u0131p ula\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<br \/>\n    *   Al\u0131c\u0131 e-posta hesab\u0131nda, g\u00f6nderilen e-postan\u0131n &#8220;orijinalini g\u00f6ster&#8221; veya &#8220;mesaj ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcle&#8221; gibi bir se\u00e7ene\u011fi bulun. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda SPF ile ilgili bir sat\u0131r aray\u0131n. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir do\u011frulama genellikle <code>spf=pass<\/code> veya <code>SPF: Pass<\/code> \u015feklinde bir ifade i\u00e7erecektir.<br \/>\n        *   \u00d6rnek ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131k: <code>Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; ... spf=pass (google.com: domain of user@alanadiniz.com designates 209.85.220.41 as permitted sender) smtp.mail=user@alanadiniz.com<\/code><br \/>\n        *   E\u011fer <code>spf=fail<\/code> veya <code>spf=softfail<\/code> gibi bir sonu\u00e7 g\u00f6r\u00fcrseniz, kayd\u0131n\u0131zda bir sorun olabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu testler, SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n yetkili bir kaynaktan geldi\u011fini al\u0131c\u0131lara ba\u015far\u0131yla bildirdi\u011fini do\u011frulaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Pratik \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/h2>\n<p>SPF kayd\u0131 olu\u015fturmak ve y\u00f6netmek basit gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, baz\u0131 yayg\u0131n hatalardan ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 takip etmek e-posta teslimat\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir. \u0130\u015fte dikkat etmeniz gereken baz\u0131 pratik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>Tek SPF Kayd\u0131 Kural\u0131:<\/strong> Bir alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca bir SPF kayd\u0131 olabilir. Bu, en s\u0131k yap\u0131lan hatalardan biridir. E\u011fer birden fazla <code>v=spf1<\/code> ile ba\u015flayan TXT kayd\u0131n\u0131z varsa, al\u0131c\u0131 sunucular SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 do\u011frulamakta zorlanacak ve e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z spam olarak i\u015faretlenecektir. Mevcut t\u00fcm g\u00f6nderici IP&#8217;lerini ve <code>include<\/code> mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 tek bir kay\u0131tta birle\u015ftirmeniz gerekir.<br \/>\n    *   Yanl\u0131\u015f \u00d6rnek:<br \/>\n        <code>v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all<\/code><br \/>\n        <code>v=spf1 include:mailgun.org ~all<\/code><br \/>\n    *   Do\u011fru \u00d6rnek:<br \/>\n        <code>v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:mailgun.org ~all<\/code><\/p>\n<p>*   <strong><code>~all<\/code> vs. <code>-all<\/code>:<\/strong><br \/>\n    *   <code>~all<\/code> (SoftFail): SPF kayd\u0131nda listelenmeyen sunuculardan gelen e-postalar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheli oldu\u011funu, ancak hemen reddedilmemesi gerekti\u011fini belirtir. Bu, genellikle yeni kurulumlarda veya SPF politikan\u0131zdan emin de\u011filseniz \u00f6nerilen se\u00e7enektir. Daha esnektir ve yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla me\u015fru e-postalar\u0131n reddedilme riskini azalt\u0131r.<br \/>\n    *   <code>-all<\/code> (HardFail): SPF kayd\u0131nda listelenmeyen sunuculardan gelen e-postalar\u0131n kesinlikle yetkisiz oldu\u011funu ve reddedilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtir. Bu, daha kat\u0131 bir politikad\u0131r ve e-posta teslimat\u0131n\u0131z \u00fczerinde tam kontrole sahipseniz ve t\u00fcm g\u00f6nderici kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 biliyorsan\u0131z kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r. Yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma, me\u015fru e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n teslim edilmemesine neden olabilir. Google, genellikle <code>~all<\/code> ile ba\u015flaman\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6nerir.<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>Kapsay\u0131c\u0131 (Include) Limitleri:<\/strong> SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131zdaki <code>include<\/code> mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131 10&#8217;u ge\u00e7memelidir. Her <code>include<\/code> veya <code>a<\/code>, <code>mx<\/code>, <code>ptr<\/code> gibi mekanizma bir DNS sorgusu tetikler. E\u011fer bu say\u0131 10&#8217;u a\u015farsa, SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z ge\u00e7ersiz kabul edilebilir (PermError). Birden fazla hizmet kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, bu limite dikkat edin.<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>Alt Alan Adlar\u0131 (Subdomains) i\u00e7in SPF:<\/strong> Ana alan ad\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz SPF kayd\u0131, alt alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak kapsamaz. E\u011fer <code>mail.alanadiniz.com<\/code> veya <code>pazarlama.alanadiniz.com<\/code> gibi alt alan adlar\u0131ndan e-posta g\u00f6nderiyorsan\u0131z, bu alt alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ayr\u0131 SPF kay\u0131tlar\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z veya ana alan ad\u0131n\u0131n SPF politikas\u0131n\u0131 miras almalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131z gerekebilir. Genellikle, alt alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de kendi SPF kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturmak en g\u00fcvenli yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>DNS Yay\u0131l\u0131m S\u00fcresi:<\/strong> DNS de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri an\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmez. De\u011fi\u015fikliklerinizin t\u00fcm internet genelinde g\u00fcncellenmesi 48 saate kadar s\u00fcrebilir. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda e-posta teslimat\u0131nda ge\u00e7ici tutars\u0131zl\u0131klar ya\u015fanabilir. Sab\u0131rl\u0131 olun ve de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinizi test etmeden \u00f6nce yeterince zaman ge\u00e7ti\u011finden emin olun.<\/p>\n<p>*   <strong>DMARC ve DKIM ile Birlikte Kullan\u0131m:<\/strong> SPF, e-posta kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. E-posta g\u00fcvenli\u011finizi ve teslim edilebilirli\u011finizi en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in SPF&#8217;i DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) ve DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting &#038; Conformance) ile birlikte kullanman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<br \/>\n    *   <strong>DKIM:<\/strong> E-postalar\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011finin g\u00f6nderim s\u0131ras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015ftirilmedi\u011fini do\u011frulayan bir dijital imza mekanizmas\u0131d\u0131r.<br \/>\n    *   <strong>DMARC:<\/strong> SPF ve DKIM sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 temel alarak al\u0131c\u0131 sunuculara e-postalar\u0131 nas\u0131l i\u015fleyeceklerini (reddet, karantinaya al, hi\u00e7bir \u015fey yapma) bildiren bir politikad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z ad\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen e-postalar hakk\u0131nda raporlar alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar. Google Workspace, bu iki mekanizman\u0131n da kurulumunu destekler ve e-posta teslimat\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 daha da iyile\u015ftirir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak, SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n do\u011fru ve etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olabilir, e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n spam klas\u00f6rlerine d\u00fc\u015fme riskini en aza indirebilir ve alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131 koruyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7 ve S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h2>\n<p>Google Workspace (eski ad\u0131yla Google Apps) \u00fczerinden e-posta g\u00f6nderiyorsan\u0131z, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in do\u011fru bir SPF kayd\u0131 olu\u015fturmak veya mevcut kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcncellemek, e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde al\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131na ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n temel ad\u0131mlar\u0131ndan biridir. Bu rehberde \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finiz gibi, SPF kayd\u0131, alan ad\u0131n\u0131zdan e-posta g\u00f6ndermeye yetkili sunucular\u0131 belirleyerek kimlik av\u0131, spam ve sahtekarl\u0131k gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli faaliyetleri engellemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurken, ayn\u0131 zamanda alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n itibar\u0131n\u0131 ve e-postalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n teslim edilebilirli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Do\u011fru SPF kayd\u0131 <code>v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com ~all<\/code> de\u011ferini DNS y\u00f6netim panelinize TXT kayd\u0131 olarak ekleyerek, Google&#8217;\u0131n sunucular\u0131n\u0131n alan ad\u0131n\u0131z ad\u0131na yasal olarak e-posta g\u00f6nderebilece\u011fini d\u00fcnyaya duyurmu\u015f olursunuz. DNS de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin yay\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in biraz beklemeniz ve ard\u0131ndan \u00e7evrimi\u00e7i ara\u00e7larla kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 do\u011frulamay\u0131 unutmaman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p>E-posta g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve teslim edilebilirli\u011fi s\u00fcrekli bir \u00e7aba gerektirir. SPF kayd\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra DKIM ve DMARC gibi di\u011fer kimlik do\u011frulama mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 da yap\u0131land\u0131rmak, alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n e-posta ekosistemindeki konumunu daha da g\u00fc\u00e7lendirecektir. Bu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 takip ederek, Google Workspace ile e-posta ileti\u015fiminizin g\u00fcvenli, g\u00fcvenilir ve etkili oldu\u011fundan emin olabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/h3>\n<p><strong>1. Birden fazla SPF kayd\u0131m olabilir mi?<\/strong><br \/>\nHay\u0131r, bir alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in yaln\u0131zca bir SPF kayd\u0131 (yani <code>v=spf1<\/code> ile ba\u015flayan tek bir TXT kayd\u0131) olabilir. E\u011fer birden fazla e-posta g\u00f6nderim hizmeti kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, t\u00fcm <code>include<\/code> mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131 tek bir SPF kayd\u0131nda birle\u015ftirmeniz gerekir. \u00d6rne\u011fin: <code>v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:sendgrid.net ~all<\/code><\/p>\n<p><strong>2. SPF kayd\u0131m\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirdikten sonra ne kadar beklemeliyim?<\/strong><br \/>\nDNS de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin internet genelinde yay\u0131lmas\u0131 (propagation) genellikle birka\u00e7 dakika ile 48 saat aras\u0131nda s\u00fcrebilir. \u00c7o\u011fu durumda 1-2 saat i\u00e7inde g\u00fcncellemeler ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir, ancak do\u011frulamadan \u00f6nce en az birka\u00e7 saat beklemeniz \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. <code>~all<\/code> ile <code>-all<\/code> aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir? Hangisini kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong><br \/>\n*   <code>~all<\/code> (SoftFail): SPF kayd\u0131nda listelenmeyen sunuculardan gelen e-postalar\u0131n \u015f\u00fcpheli oldu\u011funu, ancak reddedilmemesi gerekti\u011fini belirtir. Bu, daha esnek bir yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r ve genellikle ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00f6nerilir.<br \/>\n*   <code>-all<\/code> (HardFail): SPF kayd\u0131nda listelenmeyen sunuculardan gelen e-postalar\u0131n kesinlikle yetkisiz oldu\u011funu ve reddedilmesi gerekti\u011fini belirtir. Daha kat\u0131d\u0131r ve yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma durumunda me\u015fru e-postalar\u0131n teslim edilmemesine yol a\u00e7abilir. Google genellikle <code>~all<\/code> ile ba\u015flaman\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6nerir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Sadece SPF kayd\u0131 yeterli mi?<\/strong><br \/>\nSPF kayd\u0131, e-posta kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r ancak tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli de\u011fildir. Alan ad\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n e-posta g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve teslim edilebilirli\u011fini en \u00fcst d\u00fczeye \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) ve DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting &#038; Conformance) kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 da yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Alt alan adlar\u0131 (subdomains) i\u00e7in SPF kayd\u0131 gerekli mi?<\/strong><br \/>\nEvet, ana alan ad\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz SPF kayd\u0131, alt alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 otomatik olarak kapsamaz. E\u011fer <code>mail.alanadiniz.com<\/code> gibi alt alan adlar\u0131ndan e-posta g\u00f6nderiyorsan\u0131z, bu alt alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in de ayr\u0131 SPF kay\u0131tlar\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir. Genellikle, alt alan adlar\u0131 i\u00e7in kendi SPF kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlamak en g\u00fcvenli yakla\u015f\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"SPF Kayd\u0131 Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?\nE-posta ileti\u015fimi, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz dijital d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmez bir par\u00e7as\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, bu kolayl\u0131k bera","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-30876","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>SPF Kayd\u0131 Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir? - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/spf-kaydi-nedir-ve-neden-onemlidir\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"SPF Kayd\u0131 Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SPF Kayd\u0131 Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir? 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