{"id":30729,"date":"2025-10-01T09:41:00","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T06:41:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=30729"},"modified":"2025-10-01T09:41:00","modified_gmt":"2025-10-01T06:41:00","slug":"postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 18.04’te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

PostgreSQL Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 18.04’te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/h2>\n

Giri\u015f<\/h3>\n

PostgreSQL, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ili\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemidir (RDBMS). Uygulamalar\u0131n ve hizmetlerin temelini olu\u015fturan verilerin depolanmas\u0131nda kritik bir rol oynar. Zamanla, bir PostgreSQL kurulumunun veri dizini, disk alan\u0131 yetersizli\u011fi, performans optimizasyonu, ayr\u0131 bir depolama birimine ge\u00e7i\u015f, yedekleme stratejilerini iyile\u015ftirme veya sistem mimarisini d\u00fczenleme gibi \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle farkl\u0131 bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131nma ihtiyac\u0131 duyabilir. Bu teknik makale, Ubuntu 18.04 i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan bir PostgreSQL veri dizinini g\u00fcvenli ve etkili bir \u015fekilde yeni bir konuma nas\u0131l ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131mak, hassas bir i\u015flem olup yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veri kayb\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu nedenle, her ad\u0131m\u0131n dikkatlice takip edilmesi ve \u00f6zellikle yedekleme ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n atlanmamas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu rehber, olas\u0131 riskleri en aza indirerek sorunsuz bir ge\u00e7i\u015f sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6n Haz\u0131rl\u0131klar ve G\u00fcvenlik Tedbirleri<\/h3>\n

Veri ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sisteminizin ve verilerinizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli haz\u0131rl\u0131klar yapman\u0131z gerekmektedir. Bu ad\u0131mlar, olas\u0131 sorunlarda geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f noktas\u0131 sa\u011flaman\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015fleminin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli ortam\u0131 haz\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n

Veri Yedekleme<\/h4>\n

Herhangi bir kritik sistem de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011finde oldu\u011fu gibi, PostgreSQL veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131madan \u00f6nce mevcut veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n tam bir yede\u011fini almak mutlak surette gereklidir. Bu yedek, beklenmedik bir hata durumunda verilerinizi kurtarman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacak cankurtaran\u0131n\u0131zd\u0131r. \u0130ki temel yedekleme y\u00f6ntemi \u00f6nerilir:<\/p>\n

Mant\u0131ksal Yedekleme (pg_dumpall)<\/h5>\n

Bu y\u00f6ntem, t\u00fcm veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131, rolleri, tablolar\u0131 ve di\u011fer veritaban\u0131 nesnelerini SQL komutlar\u0131 \u015feklinde yedekler. Bu, platform ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir yedekleme olup, geri y\u00fckleme esnekli\u011fi sunar.<\/p>\n

sudo -u postgres pg_dumpall > \/path\/to\/your\/backup\/all_databases_backup.sql<\/code><\/pre>\n
\/path\/to\/your\/backup\/<\/code> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yedek dosyan\u0131z\u0131 saklamak istedi\u011finiz g\u00fcvenli bir dizinle de\u011fi\u015ftirin. Bu dizinin yeni veri dizini konumunda veya mevcut PostgreSQL veri dizininde olmamas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir. Tercihen harici bir depolama birimi veya farkl\u0131 bir disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Fiziksel Yedekleme (Dizin Kopyalama)<\/h5>\n
PostgreSQL servisi durdurulduktan sonra veri dizininin do\u011frudan kopyalanmas\u0131, ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda bir sorun ya\u015fanmas\u0131 durumunda mevcut durumu geri y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in h\u0131zl\u0131 bir yol sa\u011flar. Bu, bir nevi “anl\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc” yedeklemesidir.<\/p>\n
sudo cp -Rp \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main \/path\/to\/your\/backup\/postgresql_data_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d%H%M)<\/code><\/pre>\n
Burada \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main<\/code> varsay\u0131lan PostgreSQL 10 veri dizini yoludur. Kendi PostgreSQL s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcze g\u00f6re bu yolu ayarlaman\u0131z gerekebilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, PostgreSQL 12 i\u00e7in \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/12\/main<\/code>). -R<\/code> dizinleri \u00f6zyinelemeli olarak kopyalar, -p<\/code> ise izinleri ve zaman damgalar\u0131n\u0131 korur.<\/p>\n
Sistem Bilgilerini Kontrol Etme<\/h4>\n
Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce mevcut PostgreSQL kurulumunuz hakk\u0131nda baz\u0131 temel bilgileri edinmek faydal\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\n
*   PostgreSQL S\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc:<\/strong> Genellikle \/etc\/postgresql\/<\/code> alt\u0131nda s\u00fcr\u00fcm numaras\u0131na g\u00f6re dizinler bulunur (\u00f6rn. 10<\/code>, 12<\/code>, 14<\/code>).
\n*   Mevcut Veri Dizini Konumu:<\/strong> PostgreSQL komut sat\u0131r\u0131ndan ba\u011flanarak bu bilgiyi edinebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo -u postgres psql -c \"SHOW data_directory;\"<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komut size mevcut veri dizininin tam yolunu g\u00f6sterecektir, \u00f6rne\u011fin \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main<\/code>.
\n*   PostgreSQL Servis Durumu:<\/strong> Servisin \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status postgresql<\/code><\/pre>\n
*   Yeni Konumda Disk Alan\u0131:<\/strong> Yeni veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yeterli bo\u015f alan oldu\u011fundan emin olun. Mevcut veri dizininin boyutunu kontrol edin ve yeni konumda en az ayn\u0131 miktarda, hatta biraz daha fazla bo\u015f alan oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
du -sh \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main # Mevcut dizin boyutu\n    df -h \/mnt\/new_disk_mount_point # Yeni konumdaki bo\u015f alan<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yeni Konumun Haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
Veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131yaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yeni konumda gerekli dizin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z ve do\u011fru sahiplik ile izinleri ayarlaman\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
*   Yeni Dizin Olu\u015fturma:<\/strong> Yeni veri dizini i\u00e7in bir ana dizin ve ard\u0131ndan s\u00fcr\u00fcm ve k\u00fcme ad\u0131 i\u00e7in alt dizinler olu\u015fturun. \u00d6rne\u011fin, \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main<\/code> gibi bir yap\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
sudo mkdir -p \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Burada \/mnt\/new_disk<\/code> yeni disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fcn ba\u011flama noktas\u0131 olabilir. Bu yolu kendi sisteminize g\u00f6re ayarlay\u0131n.
\n*   Sahiplik ve \u0130zinleri Ayarlama:<\/strong> PostgreSQL veri dizini, postgres<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve grubuna ait olmal\u0131 ve yaln\u0131zca bu kullan\u0131c\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan okunabilir ve yaz\u0131labilir olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
sudo chown -R postgres:postgres \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main\n    sudo chmod -R 0700 \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main<\/code><\/pre>\n
    0700<\/code> izinleri, yaln\u0131zca dizin sahibinin (yani postgres<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n) okuma, yazma ve y\u00fcr\u00fctme (dizinler i\u00e7in gezinme) haklar\u0131na sahip oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. Ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 veya grup bu dizine eri\u015femez.<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL Servisini Durdurma<\/h3>\n
Veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131madan \u00f6nce PostgreSQL servisini tamamen durdurmak zorunludur. Servis \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131maya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak, veri bozulmas\u0131na ve geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olmayan hatalara yol a\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl stop postgresql<\/code><\/pre>\n
Servisin ba\u015far\u0131yla durduruldu\u011funu do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status postgresql<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da Active: inactive (dead)<\/code> veya benzeri bir durum g\u00f6rmelisiniz.<\/p>\n
Veri Dizinini Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/h3>\n
PostgreSQL servisi durdurulduktan ve yeni konum haz\u0131rland\u0131ktan sonra, mevcut veri dizinini yeni konuma ta\u015f\u0131yabiliriz. Bu i\u015flem i\u00e7in rsync<\/code> komutunu kullanmak, b\u00fcy\u00fck dizinler i\u00e7in daha g\u00fcvenli ve bilgilendirici bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\n
rsync ile Ta\u015f\u0131ma<\/h4>\n
rsync<\/code>, dosyalar\u0131 ve dizinleri kopyalamak ve senkronize etmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck veri dizinlerini ta\u015f\u0131rken ilerleme g\u00f6stergesi sunmas\u0131, a\u011f \u00fczerinden kopyalama yapabilmesi ve hatalara kar\u015f\u0131 daha diren\u00e7li olmas\u0131 nedeniyle tercih edilir.<\/p>\n
sudo rsync -av \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main\/ \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main\/<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komuttaki parametrelerin anlamlar\u0131:
\n*   -a<\/code> (archive): Ar\u015fiv modu; \u00f6zyinelemeli kopyalama, sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 koruma, izinleri, sahipli\u011fi, zaman damgalar\u0131n\u0131 koruma gibi bir\u00e7ok \u015feyi i\u00e7erir.
\n*   -v<\/code> (verbose): Ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 verir, kopyalanan dosyalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.
\n   \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main\/<\/code> (kaynak): Mevcut PostgreSQL veri dizininin yolu. Sondaki e\u011fik \u00e7izgi (\/<\/code>), dizinin <\/em>i\u00e7eri\u011finin* kopyalanaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir, dizinin kendisinin de\u011fil.
\n*   \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main\/<\/code> (hedef): Yeni veri dizini konumu.<\/p>\n
Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, eski veri dizinini hemen silmek yerine, bir yedek olarak yeniden adland\u0131rmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, herhangi bir sorun ya\u015fanmas\u0131 durumunda kolayca geri d\u00f6nebilmenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
sudo mv \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main_old<\/code><\/pre>\n
PostgreSQL Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 G\u00fcncelleme<\/h3>\n
Veri dizini yeni konumuna ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131ktan sonra, PostgreSQL’e bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi bildirmeniz gerekir. Bu, postgresql.conf<\/code> yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131nda yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
postgresql.conf Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleme<\/h4>\n
postgresql.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131, PostgreSQL sunucusunun davran\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eden ana yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131d\u0131r. Ubuntu’da bu dosya genellikle \/etc\/postgresql\/\/main\/postgresql.conf<\/code> yolunda bulunur.<\/p>\n
1.  Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 A\u00e7ma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo nano \/etc\/postgresql\/10\/main\/postgresql.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n
    PostgreSQL s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcze g\u00f6re yolu ayarlamay\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
2.  data_directory<\/code> Parametresini Bulma ve G\u00fcncelleme:<\/strong>
\n    Dosya i\u00e7inde data_directory<\/code> parametresini aray\u0131n. Genellikle yorum sat\u0131r\u0131 olarak (ba\u015f\u0131nda #<\/code> i\u015faretiyle) bulunur ve varsay\u0131lan yolu g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
#data_directory = 'var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main'     # use data in another directory<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu sat\u0131r\u0131 bulun, yorum i\u015faretini kald\u0131r\u0131n (#<\/code>) ve de\u011ferini yeni veri dizini konumunuza ayarlay\u0131n:<\/p>\n
data_directory = '\/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main'<\/code><\/pre>\n
    E\u011fer dosyada birden fazla data_directory<\/code> giri\u015fi varsa, yaln\u0131zca birinin yorum sat\u0131r\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve do\u011fru yolu g\u00f6sterdi\u011finden emin olun. Di\u011ferlerini yorum sat\u0131r\u0131 yap\u0131n veya silin.<\/p>\n
3.  Dosyay\u0131 Kaydetme ve \u00c7\u0131kma:<\/strong>
\n    Nano d\u00fczenleyicisinde, Ctrl+O<\/code> tu\u015flar\u0131na basarak kaydedin, ard\u0131ndan Enter<\/code> tu\u015funa bas\u0131n ve Ctrl+X<\/code> tu\u015flar\u0131na basarak \u00e7\u0131k\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Yeni Konumun \u0130zinlerini Kontrol Etme<\/h3>\n
Daha \u00f6nce yeni dizini olu\u015ftururken izinleri ayarlam\u0131\u015f olsak da, ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi veya yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda yanl\u0131\u015fl\u0131kla de\u011fi\u015fmi\u015f olabilece\u011fi ihtimaline kar\u015f\u0131 izinleri ve sahipli\u011fi tekrar kontrol etmek iyi bir ad\u0131md\u0131r. PostgreSQL’in yeni veri dizinine eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in do\u011fru izinlere sahip olmas\u0131 kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n
sudo chown -R postgres:postgres \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main\nsudo chmod -R 0700 \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutlar, yeni veri dizininin ve t\u00fcm alt dizinleri ile dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n postgres<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve grubuna ait olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar ve yaln\u0131zca bu kullan\u0131c\u0131ya tam eri\u015fim yetkisi verir.<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL Servisini Ba\u015flatma ve Do\u011frulama<\/h3>\n
T\u00fcm yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yap\u0131ld\u0131ktan ve izinler kontrol edildikten sonra, PostgreSQL servisini ba\u015flatabilir ve ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015fleminin ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulayabiliriz.<\/p>\n
1.  PostgreSQL Servisini Ba\u015flatma:<\/strong><\/p>\n
sudo systemctl start postgresql<\/code><\/pre>\n
2.  Servis Durumunu Kontrol Etme:<\/strong>
\n    Servisin ba\u015far\u0131yla ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131p ba\u015flat\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status postgresql<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Active: active (exited)<\/code> veya Active: active (running)<\/code> gibi bir durum g\u00f6rmelisiniz. E\u011fer servis ba\u015flamazsa veya hata verirse, sonraki “S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri” b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcne bak\u0131n.<\/p>\n
3.  PostgreSQL Loglar\u0131n\u0131 Kontrol Etme:<\/strong>
\n    Herhangi bir hata veya uyar\u0131 i\u00e7in PostgreSQL loglar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
sudo journalctl -u postgresql -f<\/code><\/pre>\n
    veya do\u011frudan log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo tail -f \/var\/log\/postgresql\/postgresql-10-main.log<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Loglarda FATAL<\/code> veya ERROR<\/code> mesajlar\u0131 aray\u0131n.<\/p>\n
4.  Veri Dizini Konumunu Do\u011frulama:<\/strong>
\n    psql<\/code> ile PostgreSQL’e ba\u011flanarak yeni data_directory<\/code> konumunun do\u011fru ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo -u postgres psql<\/code><\/pre>\n
    psql<\/code> komut isteminde:<\/p>\n
SHOW data_directory;<\/code><\/pre>\n
    Bu komutun \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131, postgresql.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda belirtti\u011finiz yeni yolu (\/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main<\/code>) g\u00f6stermelidir.<\/p>\n
5.  Veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve Verileri Test Etme:<\/strong>
\n    Veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n listesini g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleyin, tablolara sorgular \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n ve verilerinize eri\u015febildi\u011finizden emin olun. T\u00fcm uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ve hizmetlerinizin veritaban\u0131na sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde ba\u011flanabildi\u011fini ve beklendi\u011fi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
\\l  -- Veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 listeler\n    \\c your_database_name -- Bir veritaban\u0131na ba\u011flan\u0131n\n    \\dt -- Tablolar\u0131 listeler\n    SELECT * FROM your_table_name LIMIT 10; -- Bir tablodan veri sorgulay\u0131n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Eski Veri Dizinini Kald\u0131rma<\/h3>\n
PostgreSQL servisi yeni konumdan ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor ve t\u00fcm verilerinizin eri\u015filebilir oldu\u011funu do\u011frulad\u0131ktan sonra, eski veri dizinini g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde kald\u0131rabilirsiniz. Bu ad\u0131m\u0131, yeni sistemin birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn veya hafta boyunca sorunsuz \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmadan yapmaman\u0131z \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/strong> Eski dizini main_old<\/code> olarak yeniden adland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131k, \u015fimdi onu silebiliriz.<\/p>\n
sudo rm -rf \/var\/lib\/postgresql\/10\/main_old<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komutu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce, yedeklerinizin g\u00fcncel oldu\u011fundan ve yeni sistemin kararl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan kesinlikle<\/em> emin olun. Bu komut geri al\u0131namaz.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan Sorunlar ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/h3>\n
Veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya sonras\u0131nda baz\u0131 sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. \u0130\u015fte en yayg\u0131n sorunlar ve bunlar\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri:<\/p>\n
\u0130zin Hatalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Belirti:<\/strong> PostgreSQL servisi ba\u015flamaz ve loglarda FATAL: could not open directory \"...\" Permission denied<\/code> veya FATAL: data directory \"\/...\" has wrong ownership<\/code> gibi mesajlar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\nNeden:<\/strong> Yeni veri dizini veya i\u00e7indeki dosyalar postgres<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve grubuna ait de\u011fildir veya do\u011fru izinlere sahip de\u011fildir.
\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Yeni veri dizininin sahipli\u011fini ve izinlerini do\u011fru \u015fekilde ayarlay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
sudo chown -R postgres:postgres \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main\nsudo chmod -R 0700 \/mnt\/new_disk\/postgresql\/10\/main<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 Hatalar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Belirti:<\/strong> PostgreSQL servisi ba\u015flamaz ve loglarda FATAL: unrecognized configuration parameter \"data_directory\"<\/code> veya FATAL: multiple data_directory specifications<\/code> gibi mesajlar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\nNeden:<\/strong> postgresql.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda data_directory<\/code> parametresi yanl\u0131\u015f yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, iki kez tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f veya yorum sat\u0131r\u0131 olarak b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.
\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> postgresql.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice kontrol edin. data_directory<\/code> parametresinin do\u011fru yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, yaln\u0131zca bir kez tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve ba\u015f\u0131nda #<\/code> i\u015fareti olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.<\/p>\n
Disk Alan\u0131 Yetersizli\u011fi<\/h4>\n
Belirti:<\/strong> rsync<\/code> komutu s\u0131ras\u0131nda veya PostgreSQL servisi ba\u015flat\u0131l\u0131rken disk alan\u0131 yetersizli\u011fi ile ilgili hatalar.
\nNeden:<\/strong> Yeni veri dizini i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lan disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde yeterli bo\u015f alan yoktur.
\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong> Ta\u015f\u0131ma i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce df -h<\/code> komutuyla hedef disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki bo\u015f alan\u0131 kontrol edin. Gerekirse daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir disk b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc haz\u0131rlay\u0131n veya mevcut b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc geni\u015fletin.<\/p>\n
PostgreSQL Ba\u015flat\u0131lam\u0131yor<\/h4>\n
Belirti:<\/strong> sudo systemctl start postgresql<\/code> komutu ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olur ve sudo systemctl status postgresql<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131nda hatalar g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr.
\nNeden:<\/strong> Genellikle izin hatalar\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131rma hatalar\u0131 veya yeni veri dizinindeki bozuk dosyalar nedeniyle olu\u015fur.
\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong>
\n*   Loglar\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/strong> sudo journalctl -u postgresql<\/code> veya \/var\/log\/postgresql\/<\/code> alt\u0131ndaki log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice inceleyin. Hatan\u0131n nedenini genellikle burada bulabilirsiniz.
\n*   \u0130zinleri ve sahipli\u011fi kontrol edin:<\/strong> Yukar\u0131daki izin hatalar\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tekrarlay\u0131n.
\n*   postgresql.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/strong> data_directory<\/code> parametresinin do\u011fru ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.
\n*   Yedekten geri y\u00fckleme:<\/strong> E\u011fer hi\u00e7bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u015fe yaramazsa ve loglar net bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunmazsa, fiziksel veya mant\u0131ksal yedeklerinizden geri y\u00fckleme yapmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ba\u011flant\u0131 Sorunlar\u0131<\/h4>\n
Belirti:<\/strong> PostgreSQL servisi \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de, uygulamalar veya psql<\/code> arac\u0131 veritaban\u0131na ba\u011flanam\u0131yor.
\nNeden:<\/strong> Genellikle pg_hba.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki yanl\u0131\u015f yap\u0131land\u0131rma, g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kurallar\u0131 veya a\u011f ayarlar\u0131 nedeniyle olu\u015fur.
\n\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm:<\/strong>
\n*   pg_hba.conf<\/code> kontrol\u00fc:<\/strong> Bu dosya, istemci ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na izin veren kurallar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Dosyan\u0131n (\/etc\/postgresql\/10\/main\/pg_hba.conf<\/code>) do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun.
\n*   G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131:<\/strong> Ubuntu’da ufw<\/code> gibi bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, PostgreSQL’in varsay\u0131lan portu olan 5432’nin gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lara a\u00e7\u0131k oldu\u011fundan emin olun.<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status\n    sudo ufw allow 5432\/tcp<\/code><\/pre>\n
   PostgreSQL dinleme adresi:<\/strong> postgresql.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki listen_addresses<\/code> parametresinin do\u011fru ayarland\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olun. T\u00fcm aray\u00fczlerden dinlemek i\u00e7in '<\/em>'<\/code> olarak ayarlanabilir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n
PostgreSQL veri dizinini Ubuntu 18.04 \u00fczerinde yeni bir konuma ta\u015f\u0131mak, dikkatli planlama ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m uygulama gerektiren kritik bir sistem y\u00f6netimi g\u00f6revidir. Bu rehberde a\u00e7\u0131klanan ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyerek, veri kayb\u0131 riskini en aza indirerek bu i\u015flemi g\u00fcvenli ve ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Unutulmamas\u0131 gereken en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar:
\n1.  Kapsaml\u0131 Yedekleme:<\/strong> Herhangi bir de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fe ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce verilerinizin tam yede\u011fini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun.
\n2.  Do\u011fru \u0130zinler:<\/strong> Yeni veri dizininin postgres<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ve grubuna ait oldu\u011fundan ve 0700<\/code> izinlerine sahip oldu\u011fundan emin olun.
\n3.  Yap\u0131land\u0131rma G\u00fcncellemesi:<\/strong> postgresql.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndaki data_directory<\/code> parametresini yeni yola i\u015faret edecek \u015fekilde do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde g\u00fcncelleyin.
\n4.  Do\u011frulama:<\/strong> PostgreSQL servisini ba\u015flatt\u0131ktan sonra, loglar\u0131 kontrol edin ve t\u00fcm veritaban\u0131 i\u015flemlerinin beklendi\u011fi gibi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Veri dizinini ta\u015f\u0131mak, disk alan\u0131 y\u00f6netimi, performans iyile\u015ftirmeleri ve genel sistem esnekli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00f6nemli faydalar sa\u011flayabilir. Bu rehberdeki bilgileri kullanarak, PostgreSQL altyap\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 daha verimli ve g\u00fcvenli bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netebilirsiniz.<\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 18.04’te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma\nGiri\u015f\nPostgreSQL, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ili\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-30729","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nPostgreSQL Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 18.04'te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 18.04'te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"PostgreSQL Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 18.04'te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma Giri\u015f PostgreSQL, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ili\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-01T06:41:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"13 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"PostgreSQL Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 18.04’te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-01T06:41:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\"},\"wordCount\":2244,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Ubuntu\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-veri-dizinini-ubuntu-18-04te-yeni-bir-konuma-tasima\/\",\"name\":\"PostgreSQL Veri Dizinini Ubuntu 18.04'te Yeni Bir Konuma Ta\u015f\u0131ma - 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