Web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n ve dinamik web sitelerinin omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan sunucu yaz\u0131l\u0131m y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz internet d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda vazge\u00e7ilmez bir role sahiptir. Bu y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar aras\u0131nda en pop\u00fcler ve yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lanlardan biri LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP) y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131d\u0131r. LAMP, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 yaz\u0131l\u0131mlardan olu\u015fmas\u0131, y\u00fcksek performans sunmas\u0131, esnekli\u011fi ve geni\u015f topluluk deste\u011fi sayesinde geli\u015ftiriciler ve sistem y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in ideal bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr. Bu makalede, Debian 10 (Buster) i\u015fletim sistemi \u00fczerine bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde anlataca\u011f\u0131z. Amac\u0131m\u0131z, ister ki\u015fisel bir blog, ister karma\u015f\u0131k bir e-ticaret sitesi olsun, kendi web sunucunuzu kurman\u0131z i\u00e7in gerekli t\u00fcm bilgileri sa\u011flamakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n
LAMP k\u0131saltmas\u0131, y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan d\u00f6rt ana bile\u015fenin ba\u015f harflerinden gelmektedir:<\/p>\n
Debian 10, kararl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131, g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fi ve geni\u015f paket deposu sayesinde sunucu ortamlar\u0131 i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir se\u00e7imdir. Bu rehber, her ad\u0131m\u0131 net ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, daha \u00f6nce sunucu kurulumu yapmam\u0131\u015f kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bile ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kurmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r. Ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, sunucunuzda temel Linux komutlar\u0131na a\u015fina olman\u0131z ve root ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131na sahip bir kullan\u0131c\u0131ya (veya sudo yetkilerine) sahip olman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<\/p>\n
LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 Debian 10 \u00fczerine kurmaya ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6n gereksinimlerin kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olman\u0131z gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n
Bu gereksinimler sa\u011fland\u0131ktan sonra, LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n kurulumuna ba\u015flayabiliriz.<\/p>\n
Herhangi bir yaz\u0131l\u0131m kurulumuna ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, i\u015fletim sisteminizin paket listesini g\u00fcncellemek ve mevcut paketleri en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltmek iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu, olas\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler ve sisteminizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, APT (Advanced Package Tool) paket y\u00f6neticisinin yerel paket indeksini g\u00fcncelleyelim. Bu komut, sisteminizin depolar\u0131ndaki mevcut paketlerin en son s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri hakk\u0131nda bilgi edinmesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
sudo apt update<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, sisteminizdeki y\u00fckl\u00fc paketlerin g\u00fcncel s\u00fcr\u00fcmleri olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edecektir.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fckl\u00fc Paketleri Y\u00fckseltme<\/h4>\n
Paket indeksini g\u00fcncelledikten sonra, sisteminizde y\u00fckl\u00fc olan t\u00fcm paketleri en son kararl\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerine y\u00fckseltebiliriz. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik yamalar\u0131n\u0131 ve hata d\u00fczeltmelerini alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
sudo apt upgrade -y<\/code><\/pre>\n-y<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, t\u00fcm sorulara otomatik olarak “evet” yan\u0131t\u0131 verilmesini sa\u011flar, b\u00f6ylece y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemi kesintisiz devam eder. Bu i\u015flem, sunucunuzun internet ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na ve mevcut g\u00fcncelleme say\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak biraz zaman alabilir.<\/p>\nG\u00fcncelleme ve y\u00fckseltme i\u015flemleri tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 kurmaya haz\u0131r\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 2: Apache Web Sunucusunun Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
Apache HTTP Sunucusu, d\u00fcnya genelinde en \u00e7ok kullan\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 web sunucular\u0131ndan biridir. Y\u00fcksek performans\u0131, esnekli\u011fi ve mod\u00fcler yap\u0131s\u0131 sayesinde web sitelerini ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ideal bir platform sunar.<\/p>\n
Apache Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Apache’yi Debian 10 sunucumuza kurmak olduk\u00e7a basittir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanarak Apache paketini kurabiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install apache2 -y<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, Apache web sunucusunu ve gerekli t\u00fcm ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 sisteminize y\u00fckleyecektir.<\/p>\n
Apache Servisini Kontrol Etme ve Y\u00f6netme<\/h4>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, Apache servisi otomatik olarak ba\u015flat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve sistem a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131nda otomatik olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015facak \u015fekilde ayarlanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Servisin durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da Active: active (running)<\/code> ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Bu, Apache web sunucusunun ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. E\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yorsa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutla manuel olarak ba\u015flatabilirsiniz:<\/p>\nsudo systemctl start apache2<\/code><\/pre>\nSistemin yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131ndan sonra Apache’nin otomatik olarak ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n (genellikle kurulumla birlikte otomatik etkinle\u015ftirilir, ancak kontrol etmekte fayda var):<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable apache2<\/code><\/pre>\nDi\u011fer faydal\u0131 systemctl<\/code> komutlar\u0131:<\/p>\n\n- Apache’yi durdurmak i\u00e7in:
sudo systemctl stop apache2<\/code><\/li>\n- Apache’yi yeniden ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in:
sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code> (yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinden sonra \u00f6nerilir)<\/li>\n- Apache’yi yeniden y\u00fcklemek i\u00e7in:
sudo systemctl reload apache2<\/code> (yap\u0131land\u0131rma de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri i\u00e7in, servisi tamamen durdurup ba\u015flatmadan de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri uygular)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nG\u00fcvenlik Duvar\u0131 Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (UFW)<\/h4>\n
E\u011fer sunucunuzda UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) gibi bir g\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131 etkinse, Apache’nin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 kabul etmesi i\u00e7in HTTP (port 80) ve HTTPS (port 443) portlar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekmektedir. Debian’da UFW varsay\u0131lan olarak y\u00fckl\u00fc gelmeyebilir, ancak g\u00fcvenlik i\u00e7in etkinle\u015ftirilmesi \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6ncelikle UFW’nin y\u00fckl\u00fc olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\nE\u011fer UFW y\u00fckl\u00fc de\u011filse, kurabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install ufw -y<\/code><\/pre>\nUFW y\u00fckl\u00fcyse ve etkinse, Apache i\u00e7in gerekli kurallar\u0131 ekleyelim:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw allow 'Apache'<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, HTTP (port 80) i\u00e7in gerekli kural\u0131 ekleyecektir. E\u011fer HTTPS (SSL\/TLS) kullanmay\u0131 planl\u0131yorsan\u0131z, 'Apache Full'<\/code> profilini kullanman\u0131z daha do\u011fru olur:<\/p>\nsudo ufw allow 'Apache Full' # Hem HTTP hem HTTPS i\u00e7in\nsudo ufw allow 'Apache' # Sadece HTTP i\u00e7in<\/h2>\nsudo ufw allow 'Apache Secure' # Sadece HTTPS i\u00e7in<\/h2>\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kurallar\u0131 ekledikten sonra, UFW’yi etkinle\u015ftirin (e\u011fer daha \u00f6nce etkin de\u011filse):<\/p>\n
sudo ufw enable<\/code><\/pre>\nUyar\u0131: UFW’yi etkinle\u015ftirmeden \u00f6nce SSH ba\u011flant\u0131 noktan\u0131z\u0131 (varsay\u0131lan olarak 22) a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun, aksi takdirde sunucunuza eri\u015fiminizi kaybedebilirsiniz: sudo ufw allow ssh<\/code><\/p>\nUFW durumunu tekrar kontrol ederek kurallar\u0131n etkinle\u015ftirildi\u011finden emin olun:<\/p>\n
sudo ufw status<\/code><\/pre>\nApache Kurulumunu Test Etme<\/h4>\n
Apache’nin ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in, web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve sunucunuzun IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 girin. \u00d6rne\u011fin, http:\/\/your_server_ip<\/code> veya http:\/\/your_domain.com<\/code>.<\/p>\nDebian 10’da Apache’nin varsay\u0131lan kar\u015f\u0131lama sayfas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmelisiniz. Bu sayfa genellikle “Apache2 Debian Default Page” ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131r ve Apache’nin ba\u015far\u0131yla kuruldu\u011funu ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
Apache’nin varsay\u0131lan k\u00f6k dizini (Document Root) \/var\/www\/html<\/code>‘dir. Web sitelerinizin dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 bu dizine yerle\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\nAd\u0131m 3: MariaDB Veritaban\u0131 Sunucusunun Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
MariaDB, MySQL’in topluluk taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen, a\u00e7\u0131k kaynakl\u0131 ve ikili uyumlu bir \u00e7atal\u0131d\u0131r. Y\u00fcksek performans, kararl\u0131l\u0131k ve geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zellikler sunarak web uygulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir veritaban\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc sa\u011flar. MySQL ile tam uyumlu oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, mevcut MySQL tabanl\u0131 uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 MariaDB ile sorunsuz bir \u015fekilde kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
MariaDB Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
MariaDB sunucusunu ve istemci ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo apt install mariadb-server mariadb-client -y<\/code><\/pre>\nBu komut, MariaDB sunucusunu ve istemci paketlerini ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131yla birlikte y\u00fckleyecektir.<\/p>\n
MariaDB Servisini Kontrol Etme<\/h4>\n
Kurulum tamamland\u0131ktan sonra, MariaDB servisi otomatik olarak ba\u015flat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve etkinle\u015ftirilmelidir. Servisin durumunu kontrol etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl status mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\n\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131da Active: active (running)<\/code> ifadesini g\u00f6rmelisiniz. E\u011fer \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131yorsa, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutla ba\u015flatabilirsiniz:<\/p>\nsudo systemctl start mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\nSistem ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda otomatik olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in (genellikle kurulumla birlikte otomatik etkinle\u015ftirilir):<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl enable mariadb<\/code><\/pre>\nMariaDB G\u00fcvenlik Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131<\/h4>\n
MariaDB’nin ilk kurulumundan sonra, varsay\u0131lan g\u00fcvenlik ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in mysql_secure_installation<\/code> beti\u011fini \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu betik, k\u00f6k (root) parolas\u0131n\u0131 ayarlaman\u0131za, anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 kald\u0131rman\u0131za, uzaktan k\u00f6k oturum a\u00e7may\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakman\u0131za ve test veritaban\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\nsudo mysql_secure_installation<\/code><\/pre>\nBetik size bir dizi soru soracakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n
\n- Enter current password for root (enter for none):<\/strong> \u0130lk kurulumda root parolas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in do\u011frudan Enter tu\u015funa bas\u0131n.<\/li>\n
- Set root password? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a basarak root parolas\u0131 belirleyin. G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola se\u00e7ti\u011finizden emin olun ve parolay\u0131 iki kez girin.<\/li>\n
- Remove anonymous users? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a bas\u0131n. Anonim kullan\u0131c\u0131lar, herkesin veritaban\u0131na oturum a\u00e7mas\u0131na izin verir ve g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\n
- Disallow root login remotely? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a bas\u0131n. Bu, root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yaln\u0131zca yerel olarak (sunucu \u00fczerinden) oturum a\u00e7mas\u0131na izin vererek uzaktan eri\u015fim sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/li>\n
- Remove test database and access to it? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a bas\u0131n. Test veritaban\u0131, herkesin eri\u015febilece\u011fi varsay\u0131lan bir veritaban\u0131d\u0131r ve gereksizdir.<\/li>\n
- Reload privilege tables now? [Y\/n]:<\/strong> Y tu\u015funa bas\u0131p Enter’a bas\u0131n. Bu, yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z t\u00fcm g\u00fcvenlik de\u011fi\u015fikliklerinin hemen uygulanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
T\u00fcm ad\u0131mlar\u0131 tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, MariaDB kurulumunuz daha g\u00fcvenli hale gelecektir.<\/p>\n
MariaDB Kurulumunu Test Etme<\/h4>\n
MariaDB’ye root kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak yeni belirledi\u011finiz parola ile giri\u015f yaparak kurulumu test edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
sudo mysql -u root -p<\/code><\/pre>\nParola istendi\u011finde, mysql_secure_installation<\/code> s\u0131ras\u0131nda belirledi\u011finiz root parolas\u0131n\u0131 girin. Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir \u015fekilde giri\u015f yaparsan\u0131z, MariaDB kabu\u011funa d\u00fc\u015feceksiniz (MariaDB [(none)]><\/code>). Buradan temel SQL komutlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\u00d6rne\u011fin, mevcut veritabanlar\u0131n\u0131 listelemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
SHOW DATABASES;<\/code><\/pre>\n\u00c7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in exit;<\/code> yaz\u0131p Enter’a bas\u0131n.<\/p>\nYeni Bir Veritaban\u0131 ve Kullan\u0131c\u0131 Olu\u015fturma (\u00d6rnek)<\/h4>\n
Web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in genellikle ayr\u0131 bir veritaban\u0131 ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir. Bu, g\u00fcvenlik ve d\u00fczen a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 MariaDB kabu\u011funda ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
CREATE DATABASE mydatabase;\nCREATE USER 'myuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_strong_password';\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mydatabase.* TO 'myuser'@'localhost';\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;\nEXIT;<\/code><\/pre>\nYukar\u0131daki komutlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
\nCREATE DATABASE mydatabase;<\/code>: mydatabase<\/code> ad\u0131nda yeni bir veritaban\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/li>\nCREATE USER 'myuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'your_strong_password';<\/code>: Yaln\u0131zca yerel sunucudan eri\u015febilen myuser<\/code> ad\u0131nda yeni bir kullan\u0131c\u0131 olu\u015fturur ve g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir parola atar.<\/li>\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON mydatabase.* TO 'myuser'@'localhost';<\/code>: myuser<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na mydatabase<\/code> \u00fczerindeki t\u00fcm ayr\u0131cal\u0131klar\u0131 verir.<\/li>\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;<\/code>: Ayr\u0131cal\u0131k tablolar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden y\u00fckleyerek de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin hemen etkili olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li>\nEXIT;<\/code>: MariaDB kabu\u011fundan \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\nBu ad\u0131mlar\u0131 kendi veritaban\u0131 adlar\u0131n\u0131z ve kullan\u0131c\u0131 bilgilerinizle \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeyi unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 4: PHP Kurulumu<\/h3>\n
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor), dinamik web i\u00e7eri\u011fi olu\u015fturmak, veritabanlar\u0131yla etkile\u015fim kurmak ve sunucu tarafl\u0131 mant\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u015flemek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f pop\u00fcler bir betik dilidir. LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n “P” bile\u015fenini olu\u015fturur ve WordPress, Drupal, Joomla gibi bir\u00e7ok \u0130\u00e7erik Y\u00f6netim Sistemi (CMS) taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
PHP ve Gerekli Mod\u00fcllerin Kurulumu<\/h4>\n
Debian 10’da varsay\u0131lan PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc PHP 7.3’t\u00fcr. PHP’yi ve Apache ile entegrasyonu i\u00e7in gerekli mod\u00fcl\u00fc (libapache2-mod-php<\/code>) kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n. Ayr\u0131ca, MariaDB ile etkile\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in php-mysql<\/code> mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc ve di\u011fer yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan PHP mod\u00fcllerini de kuraca\u011f\u0131z:<\/p>\nsudo apt install php libapache2-mod-php php-mysql php-cli php-json php-curl php-gd php-mbstring php-xml php-zip -y<\/code><\/pre>\nYukar\u0131daki komutta yer alan baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli PHP mod\u00fcllerini a\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
\nphp<\/code>: PHP \u00e7ekirdek paketi.<\/li>\nlibapache2-mod-php<\/code>: PHP’nin Apache web sunucusu ile entegrasyonunu sa\u011flayan mod\u00fcl. Bu, Apache’nin PHP dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 yorumlayabilmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\nphp-mysql<\/code>: PHP’nin MySQL\/MariaDB veritabanlar\u0131yla ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayan mod\u00fcl. Veritaban\u0131 ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in gereklidir.<\/li>\nphp-cli<\/code>: PHP’nin komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fc (Command Line Interface). PHP betiklerini terminal \u00fczerinden \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\nphp-json<\/code>: JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) verilerini i\u015flemek i\u00e7in gerekli mod\u00fcl. Web API’leri ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/li>\nphp-curl<\/code>: \u00c7e\u015fitli protokoller (HTTP, FTP, vb.) arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla uzak sunucularla ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan cURL k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini PHP’ye entegre eder.<\/li>\nphp-gd<\/code>: Grafik ve g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc i\u015fleme (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck resim olu\u015fturma, boyutland\u0131rma vb.) i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan GD k\u00fct\u00fcphanesini PHP’ye entegre eder.<\/li>\nphp-mbstring<\/code>: \u00c7ok baytl\u0131 karakter dizilerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, UTF-8) d\u00fczg\u00fcn bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemek i\u00e7in gerekli olan \u00e7ok baytl\u0131 dize fonksiyonlar\u0131.<\/li>\nphp-xml<\/code>: XML verilerini i\u015flemek i\u00e7in gerekli mod\u00fcl.<\/li>\nphp-zip<\/code>: ZIP ar\u015fivleri olu\u015fturmak ve a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in gerekli mod\u00fcl.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re ba\u015fka PHP mod\u00fclleri de ekleyebilirsiniz (\u00f6rne\u011fin, php-intl<\/code>, php-imagick<\/code>, php-fpm<\/code> gibi). Genellikle apt search php-<\/code> komutunu kullanarak mevcut PHP mod\u00fcllerini listeleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\nApache’yi Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n
PHP mod\u00fclleri kurulduktan sonra, Apache’nin yeni PHP yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcklemesi i\u00e7in web sunucusunu yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\nPHP Kurulumunu Test Etme<\/h4>\n
PHP’nin do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve Apache ile entegre oldu\u011funu do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in, Apache’nin k\u00f6k dizininde (\/var\/www\/html<\/code>) basit bir PHP bilgi dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m.<\/p>\nsudo nano \/var\/www\/html\/info.php<\/code><\/pre>\nA\u00e7\u0131lan dosyaya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
<\/code><\/pre>\nDosyay\u0131 kaydedip kapat\u0131n (CTRL+O, Enter, CTRL+X).<\/p>\n
\u015eimdi web taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131n ve sunucunuzun IP adresini veya alan ad\u0131n\u0131 takip eden \/info.php<\/code> yolunu ziyaret edin. \u00d6rne\u011fin, http:\/\/your_server_ip\/info.php<\/code> veya http:\/\/your_domain.com\/info.php<\/code>.<\/p>\nKar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za PHP’nin yap\u0131land\u0131rma bilgilerini (s\u00fcr\u00fcm, mod\u00fcller, ayarlar vb.) g\u00f6steren detayl\u0131 bir sayfa gelmelidir. Bu sayfa, PHP’nin ba\u015far\u0131yla kuruldu\u011funu ve Apache ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n
G\u00fcvenlik Notu: info.php Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Silmeyi Unutmay\u0131n!<\/h4>\n
info.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131, sunucunuz hakk\u0131nda hassas bilgiler (PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fc, sunucu yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131, mod\u00fcller vb.) i\u00e7erir. Bu bilgiler k\u00f6t\u00fc niyetli ki\u015filer taraf\u0131ndan g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Testi tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra, bu dosyay\u0131 sunucunuzdan mutlaka silmelisiniz<\/strong>:<\/p>\nsudo rm \/var\/www\/html\/info.php<\/code><\/pre>\nBu, sunucunuzun g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Ad\u0131m 5: Apache Sanal Host (Virtual Host) Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (\u00d6nerilen)<\/h3>\n
Tek bir sunucuda birden fazla web sitesi bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak istiyorsan\u0131z veya varsay\u0131lan \/var\/www\/html<\/code> dizini yerine \u00f6zel bir dizin kullanmay\u0131 tercih ediyorsan\u0131z, Apache Sanal Host (Virtual Host) yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 kullanman\u0131z gerekir. Sanal hostlar, Apache’nin gelen isteklere farkl\u0131 web siteleri sunmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\nYeni Bir Web Sitesi Dizini Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
\u00d6ncelikle, yeni web siteniz i\u00e7in bir dizin olu\u015ftural\u0131m. Genellikle \/var\/www\/<\/code> dizini alt\u0131nda alan ad\u0131n\u0131zla ayn\u0131 isme sahip bir dizin olu\u015fturmak iyi bir uygulamad\u0131r. Bu \u00f6rnekte example.com<\/code> alan ad\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\nsudo mkdir -p \/var\/www\/example.com\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n-p<\/code> bayra\u011f\u0131, gerekli \u00fcst dizinleri de olu\u015fturur. html<\/code> dizini, web sitesi dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z yer olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\nDizin \u0130zinlerini Ayarlama<\/h4>\n
Apache web sunucusunun bu dizine yazma ve okuma eri\u015fimine sahip olmas\u0131 gerekir. Varsay\u0131lan olarak, Apache www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 ve grubu alt\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Dizin sahipli\u011fini ve izinlerini ayarlayal\u0131m:<\/p>\nsudo chown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/example.com\/html\nsudo chmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/example.com\/html<\/code><\/pre>\n\nchown -R www-data:www-data \/var\/www\/example.com\/html<\/code>: Dizinin ve alt\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm dosyalar\u0131n sahipli\u011fini www-data<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131na ve grubuna atar.<\/li>\nchmod -R 755 \/var\/www\/example.com\/html<\/code>: Dizine ve alt\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm dosyalara okuma ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma izni verirken, sahibine yazma izni de verir. Bu, web sunucusunun dosyalara eri\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\u00d6rnek Bir HTML Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n
Yeni sanal hostumuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 test etmek i\u00e7in basit bir index.html<\/code> dosyas\u0131 olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\nsudo nano \/var\/www\/example.com\/html\/index.html<\/code><\/pre>\nA\u00e7\u0131lan dosyaya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n
\n\n\n \n example.com - Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131!<\/title>\n<\/head>\n<body>\n <h1>Tebrikler! example.com Sanal Hostu Ba\u015far\u0131yla \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor!<\/h1>\n <p>Bu sayfa, Apache Sanal Hostunuzun do\u011fru yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir.<\/p>\n<\/body>\n<\/html><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Dosyay\u0131 kaydedip kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h4>Sanal Host Yap\u0131land\u0131rma Dosyas\u0131 Olu\u015fturma<\/h4>\n<p>Apache’nin yeni web sitenizi tan\u0131mas\u0131 i\u00e7in bir sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rma dosyas\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekir. Apache sanal host dosyalar\u0131 genellikle <code>\/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/<\/code> dizininde bulunur.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/apache2\/sites-available\/example.com.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>A\u00e7\u0131lan dosyaya a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u00e7eri\u011fi yap\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-apache\"><VirtualHost *:80>\n ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost\n ServerName example.com\n ServerAlias www.example.com\n DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/example.com\/html\n\n ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/error.log\n CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}\/access.log combined\n\n <Directory \/var\/www\/example.com\/html>\n Options Indexes FollowSymLinks\n AllowOverride All\n Require all granted\n <\/Directory>\n<\/VirtualHost><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki yap\u0131land\u0131rmay\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code><VirtualHost *:80><\/code>: Bu blok, HTTP (port 80) \u00fczerinden gelen istekler i\u00e7in bir sanal host tan\u0131mlar.<\/li>\n<li><code>ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost<\/code>: Sunucu y\u00f6neticisinin e-posta adresini belirtir. Hata sayfalar\u0131nda g\u00f6sterilebilir.<\/li>\n<li><code>ServerName example.com<\/code>: Bu sanal hostun hangi alan ad\u0131 i\u00e7in oldu\u011funu belirtir. Taray\u0131c\u0131dan bu alan ad\u0131 ile eri\u015fildi\u011finde bu site sunulur.<\/li>\n<li><code>ServerAlias www.example.com<\/code>: Alan ad\u0131n\u0131n alternatif adlar\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. <code>www<\/code> \u00f6n eki ile gelen istekler de bu siteye y\u00f6nlendirilir.<\/li>\n<li><code>DocumentRoot \/var\/www\/example.com\/html<\/code>: Web sitesi dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu k\u00f6k dizini belirtir.<\/li>\n<li><code>ErrorLog<\/code> ve <code>CustomLog<\/code>: Hata ve eri\u015fim g\u00fcnl\u00fcklerinin nereye yaz\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/li>\n<li><code><Directory \/var\/www\/example.com\/html><\/code>: Belirtilen dizin i\u00e7in \u00f6zel yap\u0131land\u0131rma ayarlar\u0131 tan\u0131mlar.\n<ul>\n<li><code>Options Indexes FollowSymLinks<\/code>: Dizin listelemesini etkinle\u015ftirir ve sembolik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131 takip etmeye izin verir.<\/li>\n<li><code>AllowOverride All<\/code>: <code>.htaccess<\/code> dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131na izin verir. Bu, WordPress gibi CMS’ler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<\/li>\n<li><code>Require all granted<\/code>: T\u00fcm gelen isteklere eri\u015fim izni verir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Dosyay\u0131 kaydedip kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h4>Sanal Hostu Etkinle\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n<p>Yeni sanal host dosyas\u0131n\u0131 etkinle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Apache’nin <code>a2ensite<\/code> yard\u0131mc\u0131 program\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo a2ensite example.com.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Varsay\u0131lan Apache sayfas\u0131n\u0131 devre d\u0131\u015f\u0131 b\u0131rakmak isterseniz (\u00f6nerilir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc art\u0131k kendi siteniz var):<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo a2dissite 000-default.conf<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>Yap\u0131land\u0131rma S\u00f6zdizimini Test Etme<\/h4>\n<p>Herhangi bir hatay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in Apache yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z\u0131n s\u00f6zdizimini test etmek her zaman iyi bir fikirdir:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo apache2ctl configtest<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>E\u011fer \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 <code>Syntax OK<\/code> ise, yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131zda bir sorun yok demektir.<\/p>\n<h4>Apache’yi Yeniden Y\u00fckleme<\/h4>\n<p>Yeni sanal host yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131n etkin olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Apache’yi yeniden y\u00fcklemeniz gerekir:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl reload apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n<h4>Sanal Hostu Test Etme<\/h4>\n<p>E\u011fer ger\u00e7ek bir alan ad\u0131n\u0131z varsa ve DNS kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 sunucunuzun IP adresine y\u00f6nlendirdiyseniz, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan <code>http:\/\/example.com<\/code> adresine giderek yeni sitenizi test edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer bir alan ad\u0131n\u0131z yoksa veya yerel olarak test ediyorsan\u0131z, bilgisayar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n <code>hosts<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek (Windows’ta <code>C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts<\/code>, Linux\/macOS’ta <code>\/etc\/hosts<\/code>) sunucunuzun IP adresini alan ad\u0131n\u0131za e\u015fle\u015ftirebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\"># \/etc\/hosts veya C:\\Windows\\System32\\drivers\\etc\\hosts dosyas\u0131na ekleyin\nYOUR_SERVER_IP example.com www.example.com<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fi yapt\u0131ktan sonra taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan <code>http:\/\/example.com<\/code> adresine giderek yeni sanal hostunuzun \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Ad\u0131m 6: PHP Yap\u0131land\u0131rmas\u0131 (\u0130ste\u011fe Ba\u011fl\u0131 \u0130yile\u015ftirmeler)<\/h3>\n<p>PHP’nin varsay\u0131lan yap\u0131land\u0131rma ayarlar\u0131 \u00e7o\u011fu durum i\u00e7in yeterli olsa da, \u00f6zellikle daha b\u00fcy\u00fck uygulamalar veya belirli gereksinimler i\u00e7in <code>php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda baz\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapman\u0131z gerekebilir. Bu ayarlar, dosya y\u00fckleme boyutlar\u0131, bellek limitleri, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma zaman\u0131 limitleri gibi \u00f6nemli parametreleri kontrol eder.<\/p>\n<h4>php.ini Dosyas\u0131n\u0131 Bulma<\/h4>\n<p>Apache i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan <code>php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n konumu, PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcne ve da\u011f\u0131t\u0131ma g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015febilir. Genellikle <code>\/etc\/php\/7.x\/apache2\/php.ini<\/code> yolunda bulunur (burada <code>7.x<\/code>, y\u00fckl\u00fc PHP s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcz\u00fc temsil eder, \u00f6rne\u011fin <code>7.3<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>Kesin konumu bulmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">php -i | grep \"Loaded Configuration File\"<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131 size do\u011fru <code>php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131n yolunu g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\n<h4>\u00d6nemli php.ini Ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 De\u011fi\u015ftirme<\/h4>\n<p>\u015eimdi, <code>php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 bir metin d\u00fczenleyici ile a\u00e7\u0131n:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo nano \/etc\/php\/7.3\/apache2\/php.ini<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, yayg\u0131n olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilen baz\u0131 ayarlar ve \u00f6nerilen de\u011ferleri bulunmaktad\u0131r. Bu de\u011ferleri uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re ayarlayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><code>upload_max_filesize<\/code>:<\/strong> HTTP \u00fczerinden y\u00fcklenebilecek maksimum dosya boyutunu belirler. Varsay\u0131lan genellikle 2M (2 Megabayt) olabilir. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar y\u00fcklemeniz gerekiyorsa art\u0131r\u0131n.\n<pre><code class=\"language-ini\">upload_max_filesize = 64M<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>post_max_size<\/code>:<\/strong> POST metodu ile g\u00f6nderilebilecek maksimum veri boyutunu belirler. Bu de\u011fer, <code>upload_max_filesize<\/code> de\u011ferinden b\u00fcy\u00fck veya ona e\u015fit olmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<pre><code class=\"language-ini\">post_max_size = 64M<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>memory_limit<\/code>:<\/strong> Bir PHP beti\u011finin kullanabilece\u011fi maksimum bellek miktar\u0131n\u0131 belirler. B\u00fcy\u00fck ve karma\u015f\u0131k uygulamalar i\u00e7in bu de\u011feri art\u0131rmak gerekebilir.\n<pre><code class=\"language-ini\">memory_limit = 256M<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>max_execution_time<\/code>:<\/strong> Bir PHP beti\u011finin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin verilen maksimum s\u00fcreyi (saniye cinsinden) belirler. Uzun s\u00fcren i\u015flemler i\u00e7in art\u0131r\u0131labilir, ancak \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek de\u011ferler sunucu kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketebilir.\n<pre><code class=\"language-ini\">max_execution_time = 300<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>date.timezone<\/code>:<\/strong> Sunucunun saat dilimini belirler. Bu ayar, zamanla ilgili fonksiyonlar\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Kendi b\u00f6lgenizin saat dilimini ayarlay\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, “Europe\/Istanbul”).\n<pre><code class=\"language-ini\">date.timezone = Europe\/Istanbul<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong><code>display_errors<\/code>:<\/strong> Geli\u015ftirme ortam\u0131nda hatalar\u0131 do\u011frudan taray\u0131c\u0131da g\u00f6stermek faydal\u0131 olsa da, \u00fcretim ortam\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik nedeniyle bu ayar\u0131 <code>Off<\/code> olarak b\u0131rakmak \u00f6nemlidir. Hatalar bunun yerine log dosyalar\u0131na yaz\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.\n<pre><code class=\"language-ini\">display_errors = Off<\/code><\/pre>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri yapt\u0131ktan sonra dosyay\u0131 kaydedip kapat\u0131n.<\/p>\n<h4>Apache’yi Yeniden Ba\u015flatma<\/h4>\n<p><code>php.ini<\/code> dosyas\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etkili olmas\u0131 i\u00e7in Apache web sunucusunu yeniden ba\u015flatman\u0131z gerekmektedir:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">sudo systemctl restart apache2<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>De\u011fi\u015fikliklerin uyguland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in, daha \u00f6nce olu\u015fturdu\u011funuz <code>info.php<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ici olarak tekrar olu\u015fturup taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131zdan kontrol edebilirsiniz (ancak test sonras\u0131 silmeyi unutmay\u0131n!).<\/p>\n<h3>Sonu\u00e7<\/h3>\n<p>Tebrikler! Debian 10 sunucunuza LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP) y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015far\u0131yla kurdunuz. Art\u0131k dinamik web siteleri ve uygulamalar\u0131 bar\u0131nd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve esnek bir platforma sahipsiniz. Bu makale boyunca, sistem g\u00fcncellemesinden ba\u015flayarak Apache web sunucusunu, MariaDB veritaban\u0131 sunucusunu ve PHP betik dilini nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, yap\u0131land\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve test edece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frendiniz.<\/p>\n<p>LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, WordPress, Joomla, Drupal gibi pop\u00fcler i\u00e7erik y\u00f6netim sistemlerini veya kendi \u00f6zel PHP uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in temel bir ortam sa\u011flar. Kurulum sonras\u0131 dikkat etmeniz gereken baz\u0131 \u00f6nemli noktalar ve atabilece\u011finiz sonraki ad\u0131mlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>G\u00fcvenlik:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun ve uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak s\u00fcrekli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. G\u00fcvenlik duvar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 (UFW) etkin tutun, g\u00fcncellemeleri d\u00fczenli olarak yap\u0131n ve varsay\u0131lan parolalar\u0131 asla kullanmay\u0131n. SSH eri\u015fimi i\u00e7in parola yerine anahtar tabanl\u0131 kimlik do\u011frulamas\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SSL\/TLS (HTTPS):<\/strong> Web sitenizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak ve SEO s\u0131ralaman\u0131z\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in Let’s Encrypt gibi \u00fccretsiz sertifika sa\u011flay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan SSL\/TLS sertifikas\u0131 alarak HTTPS’yi etkinle\u015ftirmeniz \u015fiddetle tavsiye edilir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Yedeklemeler:<\/strong> Veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ve web dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n d\u00fczenli yedeklerini almay\u0131 ihmal etmeyin. Olas\u0131 veri kay\u0131plar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 en iyi \u00f6nlemdir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0130zleme:<\/strong> Sunucunuzun performans\u0131n\u0131 ve kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in ara\u00e7lar kurmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Uygulama Kurulumu:<\/strong> Art\u0131k bir LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131na sahip oldu\u011funuza g\u00f6re, tercih etti\u011finiz bir CMS’i (\u00f6rne\u011fin WordPress) veya kendi PHP uygulaman\u0131z\u0131 kurmaya ba\u015flayabilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Bu rehber, LAMP y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurulumu i\u00e7in sa\u011flam bir temel olu\u015fturmaktad\u0131r. Daha fazla bilgi edinmek ve sunucunuzu optimize etmek i\u00e7in her bir bile\u015fenin (Apache, MariaDB, PHP) resmi belgelerini incelemeniz ve topluluk kaynaklar\u0131ndan faydalanman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir. Ba\u015far\u0131lar dileriz!<\/p>\n<p><\/body><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Debian 10 \u00dczerine LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP) Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu\nGiri\u015f\nWeb uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n ve dinamik web sitelerinin omurgas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015ft","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[241],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-30720","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-linux","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Debian 10 \u00dczerine LAMP (Linux, Apache, MariaDB, PHP) Y\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Kurulumu - 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