{"id":29767,"date":"2025-09-19T14:11:55","date_gmt":"2025-09-19T11:11:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04te-rsyslog-logstash-ve-elasticsearch-ile-loglarin-merkezi-olarak-toplanmasi\/"},"modified":"2025-09-19T14:14:46","modified_gmt":"2025-09-19T11:14:46","slug":"ubuntu-14-04te-rsyslog-logstash-ve-elasticsearch-ile-loglarin-merkezi-olarak-toplanmasi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/ubuntu-14-04te-rsyslog-logstash-ve-elasticsearch-ile-loglarin-merkezi-olarak-toplanmasi\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu 14.04’te Rsyslog, Logstash ve Elasticsearch ile Loglar\u0131n Merkezi Olarak Toplanmas\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

# Ubuntu 14.04’te Rsyslog, Logstash ve Elasticsearch ile Log Centralizasyonu<\/p>\n

Birden fazla sunucunuz varsa ve sisteminizin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, sorunlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca tespit etmek istiyorsan\u0131z, loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 merkezi olarak y\u00f6netmeniz \u015fartt\u0131r. Da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k log dosyalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda kaybolmak yerine, tek bir noktadan t\u00fcm sisteminizin loglar\u0131n\u0131 izleyebilmek hem zaman kazand\u0131r\u0131r hem de olas\u0131 sorunlara h\u0131zl\u0131 m\u00fcdahale etmenizi sa\u011flar. Bu makalede, Ubuntu 14.04 \u00fczerinde Rsyslog, Logstash ve Elasticsearch kullanarak loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 nas\u0131l merkezi olarak y\u00f6netebilece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z. Bu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcy\u00fc kullanarak, loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n analizini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racak ve sisteminizin performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olu\u015fturacaks\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Temel Kavramlar: Rsyslog, Logstash ve Elasticsearch<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00d6ncelikle, kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z ara\u00e7lar\u0131n temel i\u015flevlerini anlayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

Rsyslog:<\/strong> Sistem loglar\u0131n\u0131 toplamak ve iletmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir sistem log y\u00f6neticisidir. Ubuntu sistemlerinde varsay\u0131lan log y\u00f6neticisidir ve di\u011fer sunuculardan gelen loglar\u0131 merkezi bir sunucuya iletmek i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Logstash:<\/strong> Loglar\u0131 farkl\u0131 kaynaklardan (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Rsyslog, Apache, Nginx) toplayan, i\u015fleyen ve indeksleyen bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Log verilerinizi formatlayarak, filtreleyerek ve zenginle\u015ftirerek Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Esnekli\u011fi ve geni\u015f plugin deste\u011fiyle, log y\u00f6netiminizin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilebilir.<\/p>\n

Elasticsearch:<\/strong> Verileri arama ve analiz etme olana\u011f\u0131 sa\u011flayan bir arama ve analiz motorudur. Logstash’ten gelen log verilerini indeksler ve h\u0131zl\u0131 arama ve filtreleme imkan\u0131 sunar. Kibana gibi ara\u00e7larla g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme yaparak log verilerinizi daha anlaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde inceleyebilirsiniz. Bu \u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir log y\u00f6netim altyap\u0131s\u0131 olu\u015fturman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Rsyslog’u Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma: Nas\u0131l Loglar\u0131 Toplar\u0131z?<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0130lk ad\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z, loglar\u0131 toplayacak olan Rsyslog’u yap\u0131land\u0131rmak. Ubuntu 14.04’te Rsyslog zaten y\u00fckl\u00fcd\u00fcr, ancak merkezi log toplama i\u00e7in konfig\u00fcrasyon dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenlememiz gerekiyor.<\/p>\n

\/etc\/rsyslog.conf<\/code> dosyas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek, loglar\u0131 belirli bir IP adresine (Elasticsearch sunucusunun IP adresi) g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sat\u0131r\u0131 ekleyin:<\/p>\n

*.* @@<Elasticsearch sunucusunun IP adresi>:5044<\/code><\/pre>\n
5044 portu, Logstash’in dinledi\u011fi porttur. Bu sat\u0131r, t\u00fcm loglar\u0131 ( *.*<\/code> ) belirtilen IP adresine g\u00f6nderir.  Daha se\u00e7ici olmak isterseniz, belirli loglar\u0131 filtreleyebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sadece auth<\/code> loglar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
auth,authpriv.* @@<Elasticsearch sunucusunun IP adresi>:5044<\/code><\/pre>\n
De\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydettikten sonra Rsyslog’u yeniden ba\u015flat\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo systemctl restart rsyslog<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  Yukar\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyerek, basit bir log g\u00f6nderme konfig\u00fcrasyonu yapabilirsiniz.  Sadece t\u00fcm loglar\u0131 g\u00f6ndermek ile ba\u015flay\u0131n ve daha sonra filtrelemeyi deneyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Orta:<\/strong>  Farkl\u0131 log seviyelerini (debug, info, warning, error, critical) filtreleyerek, sadece \u00f6nemli loglar\u0131 merkezi sunucuya g\u00f6ndermeyi deneyin.  Ayr\u0131ca, farkl\u0131 log t\u00fcrlerini (sistem, uygulama, web sunucusu vb.) farkl\u0131 dosyalara y\u00f6nlendirmeyi deneyebilirsiniz.  Bu, loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 daha d\u00fczenli hale getirecektir.<\/p>\n
\u0130leri D\u00fczey:<\/strong>  Rsyslog’un geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zellikleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin,  TCP\/TLS \u015fifreleme,  gerekirse log s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma) kullanarak g\u00fcvenli\u011fi ve performans\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131n.  Log g\u00f6nderme ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumunda, loglar\u0131 yerel olarak kaydetmek i\u00e7in yedekleme mekanizmalar\u0131 ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Logstash’i Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma: Nas\u0131l Loglar\u0131 \u0130\u015fleriz?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Logstash, loglar\u0131 i\u015fleyen ve Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderen \u00f6nemli bir bile\u015fendir.  Logstash’i kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get install logstash<\/code><\/pre>\n
Logstash’in konfig\u00fcrasyon dosyas\u0131n\u0131 (\/etc\/logstash\/conf.d\/<\/code>) d\u00fczenleyerek, Rsyslog’dan gelen loglar\u0131 i\u015fleme ve Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderme talimatlar\u0131n\u0131 verece\u011fiz.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnek konfig\u00fcrasyon dosyas\u0131, Rsyslog’dan gelen loglar\u0131 al\u0131r, JSON format\u0131na \u00e7evirir ve Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderir:<\/p>\n
input {\n  tcp {\n    port => 5044\n    codec => json\n  }\n}\n\nfilter {\n  grok {\n    match => { "message" => "%{TIMESTAMP_ISO8601:timestamp} %{HOSTNAME:host} %{USER:user} %{GREEDYDATA:message}" }\n  }\n  date {\n    match => ["timestamp", "ISO8601"]\n  }\n}\n\noutput {\n  elasticsearch {\n    hosts => ["localhost:9200"]\n    index => "logstash-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}"\n  }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu konfig\u00fcrasyonda, input<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc TCP port 5044’\u00fc dinler. filter<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, log mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r ve tarih format\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczeltir. output<\/code> b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, loglar\u0131 Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderir.  index<\/code> parametresi, g\u00fcnl\u00fck baz\u0131nda indeks olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\n
\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  Yukar\u0131daki basit konfig\u00fcrasyon dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak, loglar\u0131 JSON format\u0131na \u00e7evirip Elasticsearch’e g\u00f6nderebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Orta:<\/strong>  Grok filtrelerini kullanarak log mesajlar\u0131ndan daha fazla bilgi (\u00f6rne\u011fin, hata kodlar\u0131, kullan\u0131c\u0131 kimlikleri) ay\u0131klay\u0131n.  Loglar\u0131 farkl\u0131 indekslere (\u00f6rne\u011fin, uygulama ad\u0131 veya sunucu ad\u0131 baz\u0131nda) y\u00f6nlendirin.<\/p>\n
\u0130leri D\u00fczey:<\/strong>  Logstash’in performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in,  filtreleri ve output plugin’lerini inceleyin.  \u00c7oklu thread kullanarak ve performans testleri yaparak en uygun konfig\u00fcrasyonu bulun.  Logstash’in farkl\u0131 plugin’lerini kullanarak log verilerinizi zenginle\u015ftirin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, IP adreslerini co\u011frafi konumlara \u00e7evirin).<\/p>\n
Elasticsearch’i Kurma ve Yap\u0131land\u0131rma: Nas\u0131l Loglar\u0131 Arar ve Analiz Ederiz?<\/strong><\/p>\n
Elasticsearch, log verilerinizi arama ve analiz etmenizi sa\u011flayan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.  Elasticsearch’i kurmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullan\u0131n:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get update\nsudo apt-get install elasticsearch<\/code><\/pre>\n
Elasticsearch’in varsay\u0131lan konfig\u00fcrasyon dosyas\u0131 genellikle \/etc\/elasticsearch\/elasticsearch.yml<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndad\u0131r.  Bu dosyay\u0131 d\u00fczenleyerek, Elasticsearch’in hangi portta dinleyece\u011fini ve di\u011fer ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Elasticsearch’i ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo service elasticsearch start<\/code><\/pre>\n
Log verilerinizi g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirmek ve analiz etmek i\u00e7in Kibana’y\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz. Kibana’y\u0131 kurmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo apt-get install kibana<\/code><\/pre>\n
Kibana’y\u0131 ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
sudo service kibana start<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  Elasticsearch’i kurup ba\u015flatt\u0131ktan sonra, Kibana’y\u0131 kullanarak basit arama sorgular\u0131 yapmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.  Logstash’ten gelen verilerin Elasticsearch’te indekslendi\u011fini do\u011frulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Orta:<\/strong>  Kibana’n\u0131n g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirme \u00f6zelliklerini kullanarak log verilerinizi grafikler ve tablolar halinde g\u00f6rselle\u015ftirin.  Farkl\u0131 filtreler ve sorgular kullanarak, log verilerinizden anlaml\u0131 bilgiler \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131n.<\/p>\n
\u0130leri D\u00fczey:<\/strong>  Elasticsearch’in geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zelliklerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, aggregations, scripting) kullanarak karma\u015f\u0131k analizler yap\u0131n.  Performans sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek ve \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in Elasticsearch’in performans metriklerini izleyin.  Elasticsearch k\u00fcmeleri olu\u015fturarak \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik sa\u011flay\u0131n.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryolar\u0131 ve Vaka Analizleri<\/strong><\/p>\n
Senaryo 1: Web Sunucusu Loglar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130zlenmesi:<\/strong>  Bir e-ticaret sitesi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yorsunuz ve aniden sipari\u015f i\u015flemlerinde sorunlar ya\u015f\u0131yorsunuz.  Merkezi log sistemi sayesinde, Apache veya Nginx loglar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca inceleyerek, hatan\u0131n kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilir ve sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Senaryo 2: Sistem Hata Loglar\u0131n\u0131n Analizi:<\/strong>  Bir sunucunuzda d\u00fczenli olarak disk alan\u0131 doluluk hatalar\u0131 al\u0131yorsunuz.  Sistem loglar\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek, hangi dosyalar\u0131n disk alan\u0131n\u0131 t\u00fcketti\u011fini belirleyebilir ve gerekli \u00f6nlemleri alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Senaryo 3: G\u00fcvenlik Olaylar\u0131n\u0131n \u0130zlenmesi:<\/strong>  Sunucular\u0131n\u0131za yetkisiz eri\u015fim giri\u015fimleri tespit etmek i\u00e7in, g\u00fcvenlik loglar\u0131n\u0131 (auth, authpriv) izleyebilirsiniz.  \u015e\u00fcpheli aktiviteleri tespit ederek, g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kapatabilir ve sisteminizi koruyabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Performans Optimizasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n
Sisteminizin performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
* Loglar\u0131 filtreleyin:<\/strong> Gereksiz loglar\u0131 g\u00f6ndermeyin. Sadece \u00f6nemli loglar\u0131 merkezi sunucuya g\u00f6ndermek, bant geni\u015fli\u011fi ve i\u015flemci kaynaklar\u0131ndan tasarruf sa\u011flar.
\n* Logstash’i optimize edin:<\/strong>  Logstash’in konfig\u00fcrasyonunu inceleyin ve performans sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit edin.  \u00c7oklu thread kullanarak ve uygun plugin’leri se\u00e7erek performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz.
\n* Elasticsearch k\u00fcmeleri olu\u015fturun:<\/strong>  B\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda log verisi i\u015fliyorsan\u0131z, Elasticsearch k\u00fcmeleri olu\u015fturarak \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.
\n* \u0130ndeks y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong>  Eski indeksleri silerek disk alan\u0131ndan tasarruf edin.  \u0130ndeks y\u00f6netimi stratejileri belirleyin.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n
Bu makalede, Ubuntu 14.04 \u00fczerinde Rsyslog, Logstash ve Elasticsearch kullanarak merkezi log y\u00f6netimini nas\u0131l kuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131k.  Bu sistem, loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 tek bir noktadan y\u00f6netmenizi, analiz etmenizi ve olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131ca tespit etmenizi sa\u011flar.  Ancak, sisteminizin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, konfig\u00fcrasyon ve optimizasyon ad\u0131mlar\u0131 de\u011fi\u015febilir.  Bu nedenle, sisteminizin ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice analiz ederek, en uygun konfig\u00fcrasyonu belirlemeniz \u00f6nemlidir.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in [Fatih Soysal’\u0131n bloguna](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n
1. Ubuntu’nun ba\u015fka s\u00fcr\u00fcmlerinde de bu yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r m\u0131?<\/strong>  Genel olarak evet, ancak baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011fi\u015fiklikler gerekebilir.  \u00d6zellikle rsyslog ve sistemctl komutlar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir.
\n2. Logstash’te hangi codec’i kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong>  JSON codec’i yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r, ancak log verilerinizin format\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak farkl\u0131 codec’ler de tercih edilebilir.
\n3. Elasticsearch’in performans\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l izlerim?<\/strong>  Elasticsearch’in kendi monitoring ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilir veya external monitoring ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.
\n4. Loglar\u0131 merkezi olarak kaydetmenin g\u00fcvenlik y\u00f6nleri nelerdir?<\/strong>  Loglar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u015fifreleyerek ve g\u00fcvenli bir a\u011f \u00fczerinden g\u00f6ndererek g\u00fcvenli\u011fi sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.  Eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc de dikkatlice yap\u0131land\u0131rman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.
\n5. Bu sistem \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck loglar i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir mi?<\/strong>  Evet, Elasticsearch k\u00fcmeleri olu\u015fturarak ve uygun indeks y\u00f6netimi stratejileri kullanarak b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda log verisi i\u00e7in \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# Ubuntu 14.04’te Rsyslog, Logstash ve Elasticsearch ile Log Centralizasyonu Birden fazla sunucunuz varsa ve sisteminizin sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1468],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-29767","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-ubuntu","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nUbuntu 14.04'te Rsyslog, Logstash ve Elasticsearch ile Loglar\u0131n Merkezi Olarak Toplanmas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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