{"id":29685,"date":"2025-09-18T16:57:31","date_gmt":"2025-09-18T13:57:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=29685"},"modified":"2025-09-18T17:05:45","modified_gmt":"2025-09-18T14:05:45","slug":"big-data-cagi-bitti-mi-on-yillik-bir-yanilginin-hikayesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/big-data-cagi-bitti-mi-on-yillik-bir-yanilginin-hikayesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Big Data \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 Bitti mi? On Y\u0131ll\u0131k Bir Yan\u0131lg\u0131n\u0131n Hikayesi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Giri\u015f: B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri’nin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n

On y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir insanlar\u0131n verilerinden i\u015fe yarar i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler elde edememesinin sebebi, \u00e7o\u011funlukla verinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fland\u0131. Te\u015fhis \u015fuydu:
\u201cVeriniz, sistemleriniz i\u00e7in fazla b\u00fcy\u00fck.\u201d<\/strong>
\u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak ise bu devasa \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi kald\u0131rabilecek yeni, pahal\u0131 teknolojiler sat\u0131n almalar\u0131 s\u00f6ylendi.<\/p>\n

Ama b\u00fcy\u00fck veri ekipleri t\u00fcm bu yeni ara\u00e7lar\u0131 al\u0131p eski sistemlerden g\u00f6\u00e7 ettikten sonra bile insanlar verilerini anlamland\u0131rmakta zorlanmaya devam etti. Dikkat edenler i\u00e7in sorun hi\u00e7bir zaman veri boyutu<\/strong> de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

2023\u2019te d\u00fcnya, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri alarm\u0131n\u0131n ilk \u00e7ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamandan farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Beklenen veri felaketi ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. Veri boyutlar\u0131 biraz artm\u0131\u015f olabilir ama donan\u0131mlar \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Sat\u0131c\u0131lar h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik vaat ediyor, fakat kullan\u0131c\u0131lar bunun ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnyadaki sorunlar\u0131yla ne kadar ili\u015fkili oldu\u011funu sorgulamaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n

On y\u0131ldan uzun bir s\u00fcredir, insanlar\u0131n verilerinden i\u015fe yarar i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler elde etmekte zorlanmas\u0131, verinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ba\u011fland\u0131. Te\u015fhis, “Veriniz, sizin c\u0131l\u0131z sistemleriniz i\u00e7in \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck” oldu ve re\u00e7ete de devasa \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011fi idare edebilen yeni, s\u00fcsl\u00fc bir teknoloji sat\u0131n almakt\u0131. Tabii ki, B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri g\u00f6rev g\u00fcc\u00fc t\u00fcm yeni ara\u00e7lar\u0131 sat\u0131n al\u0131p Eski Sistemlerden (Legacy) ge\u00e7i\u015f yapt\u0131ktan sonra, insanlar verilerini anlamland\u0131rmakta h\u00e2l\u00e2 zorland\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 fark ettiler. Ger\u00e7ekten dikkat edenler, asl\u0131nda sorunun veri b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da fark etmi\u015f olabilirler.<\/p>\n

2023’te d\u00fcnya, B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri alarm zillerinin \u00e7almaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 zamandan \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. \u00d6ng\u00f6r\u00fclen veri k\u0131yameti ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. Veri boyutlar\u0131 biraz daha b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f olabilir, ancak donan\u0131m \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir oranda b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc. Sat\u0131c\u0131lar h\u00e2l\u00e2 \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik yeteneklerini pazarl\u0131yor, ancak uygulay\u0131c\u0131lar bunun kendi ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya problemleriyle nas\u0131l bir ili\u015fkisi oldu\u011funu merak etmeye ba\u015fl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu Yaz\u0131n\u0131n Amac\u0131<\/strong>
\nBu yaz\u0131, B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n sona erdi\u011fi tezini savunacak. \u0130yi bir ko\u015fu\u015fturmas\u0131 oldu, ancak art\u0131k veri boyutu i\u00e7in endi\u015felenmeyi b\u0131rak\u0131p onu daha iyi kararlar vermek i\u00e7in nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131za odaklanabiliriz.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n

Zorunlu Giri\u015f Slayd\u0131<\/strong>
\nSon 10 y\u0131ld\u0131r, her b\u00fcy\u00fck veri \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc i\u00e7in her pitch deck (yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131 sunumu), \u015funa benzeyen bir slaytla ba\u015flar: Zaman i\u00e7inde \u00fcretilen veri art\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Bu slayd\u0131n mesaj\u0131, eski veri i\u015fleme y\u00f6ntemlerinin i\u015fe yaramayaca\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. Veri \u00fcretimindeki h\u0131zlanma, eski veri sistemlerini \u00e7amurda saplanm\u0131\u015f halde b\u0131rakacak ve yeni fikirleri benimseyenler rakiplerini sollayabilecekti.<\/p>\n

Tabii ki, \u00fcretilen veri miktar\u0131 artsa bile bu herkes i\u00e7in bir problem oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez; veri e\u015fit da\u011f\u0131lmaz. \u00c7o\u011fu uygulama devasa miktarda veriyi i\u015flemeye ihtiya\u00e7 duymaz. Bu, geleneksel mimarilere sahip veri y\u00f6netimi sistemlerinde bir canlanmaya yol a\u00e7t\u0131; SQLite, Postgres, MySQL g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcrken, “NoSQL” ve hatta “NewSQL” sistemleri durgunla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

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\u00c7o\u011fu \u0130nsan\u0131n O Kadar \u00c7ok Verisi Yok<\/strong>
\n“B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri geliyor” grafi\u011finden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 beklenen mesaj, \u00e7ok yak\u0131nda herkesin verisiyle bo\u011fulaca\u011f\u0131yd\u0131. On y\u0131l sonra, o gelecek ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi. Bunu birka\u00e7 yolla do\u011frulayabiliriz: verilere bakarak (niceliksel), insanlara deneyimleriyle tutarl\u0131 olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sorarak (niteliksel) ve ilk prensiplerden d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek (t\u00fcmevar\u0131msal).<\/p>\n

BigQuery’de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken m\u00fc\u015fteri boyutland\u0131rmalar\u0131na \u00e7ok zaman harcad\u0131m. M\u00fc\u015fterilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun toplam veri depolamas\u0131nda bir terabayttan az verisi vard\u0131. Elbette \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veriye sahip m\u00fc\u015fteriler de vard\u0131, ancak \u00e7o\u011fu kurulu\u015fun, hatta olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck baz\u0131 \u015firketlerin bile orta d\u00fczeyde veri boyutlar\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

M\u00fc\u015fteri veri boyutlar\u0131 bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yasas\u0131 da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 izliyordu. En b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fteri, bir sonraki en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fterinin iki kat\u0131 depolama alan\u0131na sahipti, bir sonraki en b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fteri onun yar\u0131s\u0131na sahipti, vb. Yani y\u00fczlerce petabayt veriye sahip m\u00fc\u015fteriler olsa da, boyutlar \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde azal\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n

Sekt\u00f6r analistleriyle (Gartner, Forrester, vb.) konu\u015furken da bunu destekleyen \u015feyler bulduk. Devasa veri k\u00fcmelerini i\u015fleme yetene\u011fimizi \u00f6verdik, onlar da omuz silkerlerdi. “Bu g\u00fczel,” derlerdi, “ancak \u015firketlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011funun bir terabayttan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veri ambarlar\u0131 var.”<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck veri boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n neden nadir oldu\u011funu anlamak i\u00e7in, verinin asl\u0131nda nereden geldi\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmek faydal\u0131d\u0131r. Orta \u00f6l\u00e7ekli bir i\u015fletme oldu\u011funuzu ve bin m\u00fc\u015fteriniz oldu\u011funu hayal edin. Diyelim ki her bir m\u00fc\u015fteriniz her g\u00fcn y\u00fcz sat\u0131r \u00f6\u011fesi olan yeni bir sipari\u015f veriyor. Bu nispeten s\u0131k ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen bir durum, ancak yine de g\u00fcnde bir megabayttan az veri \u00fcretiliyor. \u00dc\u00e7 y\u0131lda yaln\u0131zca bir gigabayt\u0131n\u0131z olur ve bir terabayt \u00fcretmek binlerce y\u0131l al\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Somut bir \u00f6rnek vermek gerekirse, 2020-2022 y\u0131llar\u0131nda, h\u0131zl\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fcyen, \u00f6nemli geliri ve unicorn de\u011ferlemesi olan bir Series E \u015firketi olan SingleStore’da \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Finans veri ambar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n, m\u00fc\u015fteri verilerimizin, pazarlama kampanya takibimizin ve servis log’lar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n boyutunu toplasayd\u0131n\u0131z, muhtemelen sadece birka\u00e7 gigabayt ederdi. Bu, hi\u00e7bir \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fck veri de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n

Depolama ve \u0130\u015flemin Ayr\u0131lmas\u0131ndaki Depolama \u00d6nyarg\u0131s\u0131<\/strong>
\nModern bulut veri platformlar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcm\u00fc depolama ve i\u015flemi ay\u0131r\u0131r, bu da m\u00fc\u015fterilerin tek bir forma ba\u011fl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Bu, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenmeden \u00e7ok, son 20 y\u0131ldaki veri mimarilerindeki en \u00f6nemli de\u011fi\u015fikliktir.<\/p>\n

Pratikte, veri boyutlar\u0131 i\u015flem boyutlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 artar. Depolama ve i\u015flem ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n faydalar\u0131n\u0131 anlatan pop\u00fcler a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, her ikisini de istedi\u011finiz zaman \u00f6l\u00e7eklendirebilece\u011finiz gibi gelse de, bu iki eksen asl\u0131nda e\u015fde\u011fer de\u011fildir. B\u00fcy\u00fck i\u015flem gereksinimleriyle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kma teknikleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck verilerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmaktan farkl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcm b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri zaman i\u00e7inde \u00fcretilir. Zaman neredeyse her zaman bir veri k\u00fcmesinde bir eksendir. \u0130\u015f statikse, ne b\u00fcy\u00fcyorsa ne de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcl\u00fcyorsa, veri zamanla do\u011frusal olarak artacakt\u0131r. Bu, analitik ihtiya\u00e7lar i\u00e7in ne anlama gelir? A\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7as\u0131, veriyi budamaya karar vermedi\u011finiz s\u00fcrece (buna daha sonra de\u011finece\u011fiz) depolama ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 do\u011frusal olarak artacakt\u0131r. Ancak i\u015flem ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 zaman i\u00e7inde pek de\u011fi\u015fmeyecektir; \u00e7o\u011fu analiz g\u00fcncel veriler \u00fczerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r. Eski verileri taramak olduk\u00e7a maliyetlidir; de\u011fi\u015fmezler, peki neden defalarca okumaya para harcayas\u0131n\u0131z? Elbette, veriye yeni bir soru sormak isterseniz diye saklamak isteyebilirsiniz, ancak \u00f6nemli cevaplar\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00f6zetler (aggregations) olu\u015fturmak olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemsizdir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu zaman, bir veri ambar\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fterisi, depolama ve i\u015flem ayr\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir ortamdan, ayr\u0131m\u0131n oldu\u011fu bir ortama ta\u015f\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, depolama kullan\u0131mlar\u0131 muazzam \u015fekilde b\u00fcy\u00fcr, ancak i\u015flem ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 pek de\u011fi\u015fmez.<\/p>\n

Depolama boyutundaki bu i\u015flem boyutuna g\u00f6re \u00f6ncelik, sistem mimarisinde ger\u00e7ek bir etkiye sahiptir. \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilir nesne depolar\u0131 kullan\u0131rsan\u0131z, \u00f6ng\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczden \u00e7ok daha az i\u015flem g\u00fcc\u00fc kullanabilirsiniz. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k i\u015flemi hi\u00e7 kullanman\u0131za gerek kalmayabilir.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015f Y\u00fck\u00fc Boyutlar\u0131, Toplam Veri Boyutlar\u0131ndan Daha K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr<\/strong>
\nAnalitik i\u015f y\u00fckleri i\u00e7in i\u015flenen veri miktar\u0131 neredeyse kesinlikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fczden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr. \u00d6rne\u011fin, dashboard’lar \u00e7o\u011fu zaman \u00f6zetlenmi\u015f verilerden olu\u015fturulur. \u0130nsanlar son bir saate, son bir g\u00fcne veya son bir haftaya ait verilere bakarlar. Daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tablolar daha s\u0131k sorgulanma e\u011filimindedir, devasa tablolar ise daha se\u00e7ici olarak.<\/p>\n

Birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6nce BigQuery sorgular\u0131n\u0131, y\u0131lda 1000 dolardan fazla harcayan m\u00fc\u015fterilere bakarak analiz ettim. Sorgular\u0131n %90’\u0131 100 MB’tan az veri i\u015fliyordu. Bunu, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u00e7arp\u0131tan birka\u00e7 m\u00fc\u015fterinin \u00e7ok say\u0131da sorgu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 \u015fekilde dilimledim.<\/p>\n

Devasa veri boyutlar\u0131na sahip m\u00fc\u015fteriler, neredeyse hi\u00e7bir zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri sorgulamad\u0131. Orta boyutlu verilere sahip m\u00fc\u015fteriler genellikle olduk\u00e7a b\u00fcy\u00fck sorgular yaparken, devasa veri boyutlar\u0131na sahip m\u00fc\u015fteriler neredeyse hi\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri sorgulamad\u0131. Sorgulad\u0131klar\u0131nda da, genellikle bir rapor olu\u015fturuyorlard\u0131 ve performans ger\u00e7ekten bir \u00f6ncelik de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n

Devasa tablolar\u0131 sorgularken bile, \u00e7ok fazla veri i\u015flemeye nadiren ihtiya\u00e7 duyars\u0131n\u0131z. Modern analitik veritabanlar\u0131, yaln\u0131zca bir alt k\u00fcme alan okumak i\u00e7in s\u00fctun projeksiyonu (column projection) ve yaln\u0131zca dar bir tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 okumak i\u00e7in b\u00f6l\u00fcm budama (partition pruning) yapabilir. K\u00fcmeleme (clustering) veya otomatik mikro b\u00f6l\u00fcmleme (automatic micro partitioning) yoluyla verideki yerelli\u011fi (locality) kullanan segment eleme (segment elimination) ile daha da ileri gidebilirler. S\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veri \u00fczerinde hesaplama, projeksiyon ve ko\u015ful itme (predicate pushdown) gibi di\u011fer p\u00fcf noktalar\u0131, sorgu zaman\u0131nda daha az G\/\u00c7 (IO) yapman\u0131n yollar\u0131d\u0131r. Daha az G\/\u00c7, yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gereken daha az hesaplamaya, bu da daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyet ve gecikmeye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr.<\/p>\n

\u0130\u015fledikleri veri miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in insanlar\u0131 te\u015fvik eden akut ekonomik bask\u0131lar vard\u0131r. \u00d6l\u00e7eklenip bir \u015feyi \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 i\u015fleyebilmeniz, bunu ucuza yapabilece\u011finiz anlam\u0131na gelmez. Bir sonu\u00e7 almak i\u00e7in bin d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm kullan\u0131rsan\u0131z, bu muhtemelen size bir kol ve bir bacak kadar pahal\u0131ya mal olacakt\u0131r. Sahne de BigQuery’i g\u00f6stermek i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m Petabayt sorgusu, perakende fiyatlar\u0131yla 5.000 dolara mal oluyordu. \u00c7ok az ki\u015fi bu kadar pahal\u0131 bir \u015feyi \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak ister.<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fu Veri Nadiren Sorgulan\u0131r<\/strong>
\n\u0130\u015flenen verilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u00fczdesi 24 saatten daha yenidir. Veri bir haftal\u0131k oldu\u011funda, sorgulanma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 muhtemelen en son g\u00fcne g\u00f6re 20 kat daha azd\u0131r. Bir aydan sonra, veriler \u00e7o\u011funlukla orada \u00f6ylece durur. Tarihsel veriler nadiren sorgulanma e\u011filimindedir, belki biri nadir bir rapor \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken.<\/p>\n

Verinin etkin olmamas\u0131 (quiescing), veri \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma seti boyutlar\u0131n\u0131n bekledi\u011finizden daha y\u00f6netilebilir oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelir. 10 y\u0131ll\u0131k veri i\u00e7eren bir petabaytl\u0131k bir tablonuz varsa, mevcut g\u00fcnden daha eski verilere nadiren eri\u015firsiniz; bu da s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f halde 50 GB’tan az olabilir.<\/p>\n

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B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri S\u0131n\u0131r\u0131 S\u00fcrekli Geri \u00c7ekiliyor<\/strong>
\n“B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri”nin bir tan\u0131m\u0131, “tek bir makineye s\u0131\u011fmayan her \u015fey”dir. Bu tan\u0131ma g\u00f6re, nitelikli i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131 her y\u0131l azalmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

2004’te, Google MapReduce makalesi yaz\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bir veri i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fcn tek bir ticari makineye s\u0131\u011fmamas\u0131 \u00e7ok yayg\u0131n olurdu. Yukar\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7eklenme (scaling up) pahal\u0131yd\u0131. 2006’da AWS EC2’yi ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, alabilece\u011finiz tek \u00f6rnek boyutu tek \u00e7ekirdek ve 2 GB RAM’di. O makineye s\u0131\u011fmayacak \u00e7ok say\u0131da i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc vard\u0131.<\/p>\n

Ancak bug\u00fcn, AWS’de standart bir \u00f6rnek, 64 \u00e7ekirdek ve 256 GB RAM ile fiziksel bir sunucu kullan\u0131r. Bu iki kat daha fazla RAM. Biraz daha fazla \u00f6demeye raz\u0131ysan\u0131z, bellek i\u00e7in optimize edilmi\u015f bir \u00f6rnek i\u00e7in iki kat daha fazla RAM alabilirsiniz. Ka\u00e7 i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fc 24TB RAM veya 445 CPU \u00e7ekirde\u011finden fazlas\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar?<\/p>\n

Eskiden daha b\u00fcy\u00fck makineler \u00e7ok daha pahal\u0131yd\u0131. Ancak bulutta, bir sunucunun tamam\u0131n\u0131 kullanan bir VM, sunucunun 8’de 1’ini kullanan bir VM’den yaln\u0131zca 8 kat daha pahal\u0131d\u0131r. Maliyet, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck boyutlara kadar i\u015flem g\u00fcc\u00fcyle do\u011frusal olarak \u00f6l\u00e7eklenir. Asl\u0131nda, orijinal dremel makalesinde yay\u0131nlanan k\u0131yaslamalara bakarsan\u0131z, 3.000 paralel d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm kullanarak, bug\u00fcn tek bir d\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmde benzer performans alabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Veri Bir Y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fckt\u00fcr (Liability)<\/strong>
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck Veri’nin alternatif bir tan\u0131m\u0131, “veriyi saklaman\u0131n maliyetinin, neyi ataca\u011f\u0131n\u0131za karar vermenin maliyetinden az oldu\u011fu zaman”d\u0131r. Bu tan\u0131m\u0131 seviyorum \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc insanlar\u0131n neden B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri ile sonu\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetliyor. \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in de\u011fil, sadece silmekle u\u011fra\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in. Bir\u00e7ok veri g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn (data lake) bu tan\u0131ma tamamen uydu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn: devasa, da\u011f\u0131n\u0131k batakl\u0131klar; kimse ne i\u00e7erdiklerini veya onlar\u0131 temizlemenin g\u00fcvenli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmiyor.<\/p>\n

Veriyi saklaman\u0131n maliyeti, yaln\u0131zca fiziksel baytlar\u0131 depolama maliyetinden daha y\u00fcksektir. GDPR ve CCPA gibi d\u00fczenlemeler alt\u0131nda, belirli t\u00fcrdeki verilerin t\u00fcm kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek zorundas\u0131n\u0131z. Baz\u0131 verilerin belirli bir s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde silinmesi gerekir. Veri g\u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fczde bir yerde \u00e7ok uzun s\u00fcre duran bir parquet dosyas\u0131nda telefon numaralar\u0131n\u0131z varsa, yasal gereksinimleri ihlal ediyor olabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

D\u00fczenlemenin \u00f6tesinde, veri, aleyhinize a\u00e7\u0131lan davalara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir. T\u0131pk\u0131 bir\u00e7ok kurulu\u015fun olas\u0131 y\u00fck\u00fcml\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc azaltmak i\u00e7in s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 e-posta saklama politikalar\u0131 uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi, veri ambar\u0131n\u0131zdaki veriler de aleyhinize kullan\u0131labilir. Kodunuzda bir g\u00fcvenlik hatas\u0131 veya ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f SLA (Hizmet Seviyesi S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi) oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren be\u015f y\u0131l \u00f6ncesinden log’lar\u0131n\u0131z varsa, eski verileri saklamak yasal maruziyetinizi uzatabilir.<\/p>\n

Kod, aktif olarak korunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genellikle insanlar\u0131n “bit \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesi” (bit rot) dedi\u011fi \u015feyden mustarip olur. Veri de ayn\u0131 t\u00fcr bir sorundan muzdarip olabilir; yani, insanlar \u00f6zel alanlar\u0131n tam anlam\u0131n\u0131 unutur veya ge\u00e7mi\u015ften gelen veri problemleri haf\u0131zalardan silinmi\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n

Eski verileri sakl\u0131yorsan\u0131z, neden saklad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 anlamak iyidir. Ayn\u0131 sorular\u0131 tekrar tekrar m\u0131 soruyorsunuz? \u00d6yleyse, sadece \u00f6zetleri (aggregates) saklamak depolama ve sorgu maliyetleri a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok daha az maliyetli olmaz m\u0131? Ya\u011fmurlu bir g\u00fcn i\u00e7in mi sakl\u0131yorsunuz? Sorabilece\u011finiz yeni sorular olabilece\u011fini mi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorsunuz? \u00d6yleyse, ne kadar \u00f6nemli? Ger\u00e7ekten ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olma ihtimali nedir? Ger\u00e7ekten sadece bir veri biriktirici misiniz? T\u00fcm bu sorular, \u00f6zellikle de veriyi saklaman\u0131n ger\u00e7ek maliyetini bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken sorulmas\u0131 \u00f6nemli sorulard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Siz B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri Y\u00fczde Birlik Diliminde misiniz?<\/strong>
\nB\u00fcy\u00fck Veri ger\u00e7ektir, ancak \u00e7o\u011fu insan\u0131n endi\u015felenmesine gerek olmayabilir. “B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri Y\u00fczde Birlik Dilimi”nde olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 anlamak i\u00e7in kendinize sorabilece\u011finiz baz\u0131 sorular:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \n

    Ger\u00e7ekten \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri mi \u00fcretiyorsunuz?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  2. \n

    E\u011fer \u00f6yleyse, ger\u00e7ekten bir seferde \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri kullanman\u0131z gerekiyor mu?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  3. \n

    E\u011fer \u00f6yleyse, veri ger\u00e7ekten tek bir makineye s\u0131\u011famayacak kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  4. \n

    E\u011fer \u00f6yleyse, sadece bir veri biriktirici olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin misiniz?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

  5. \n

    E\u011fer \u00f6yleyse, \u00f6zetlemenin daha iyi olmayaca\u011f\u0131ndan emin misiniz?<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Bu sorulardan herhangi birine hay\u0131r yan\u0131t\u0131 veriyorsan\u0131z, sizi bir g\u00fcn sahip olabilece\u011finizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 boyutta de\u011fil, ger\u00e7ekte sahip oldu\u011funuz boyuttaki verileri y\u00f6netmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak yeni nesil veri ara\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in iyi bir aday olabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n

    \n

    \u00d6zet:<\/strong><\/p>\n

    “B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri”nin \u00f6nemini vurgulayan biriydim. Ancak y\u0131llar i\u00e7inde yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m g\u00f6zlemler ve analizler, \u00e7o\u011fu \u015firketin ve projenin asl\u0131nda “B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri” ile u\u011fra\u015fmak zorunda olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterdi.<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \n

      B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri Tehdidi Abart\u0131ld\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Veri boyutlar\u0131 artsa da donan\u0131m kapasitesi daha h\u0131zl\u0131 artt\u0131. \u00c7o\u011fu kurulu\u015fun veri ambarlar\u0131 bir terabayttan k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    2. \n

      Ger\u00e7ek \u0130\u015f Y\u00fck\u00fc K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck:<\/strong>\u00a0Sorgular\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarda veri i\u015fliyor (\u00f6rne\u011fin %90’\u0131 100 MB’tan az). Devasa tablolar bile genellikle yaln\u0131zca k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 (son g\u00fcn\/ay) i\u00e7in sorgulan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    3. \n

      Tek Makineler G\u00fc\u00e7lendi:<\/strong>\u00a0Modern tek bir sunucu, bir\u00e7ok i\u015f y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc rahatl\u0131kla \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabilecek kapasiteye sahip. Da\u011f\u0131t\u0131k sistemlere her zaman gerek yok.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    4. \n

      Veri Bir Y\u00fck:<\/strong>\u00a0Eski verileri saklamak depolama maliyetinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra yasal risk (GDPR, davalar) ve karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k (“bit rot”, unutulmu\u015f veri anlamlar\u0131) getiriyor.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n

    5. \n

      Odak Noktas\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fmeli:<\/strong>\u00a0Art\u0131k “veri ne kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck” sorusundan ziyade “veriyi en iyi nas\u0131l kullan\u0131r ve anlamland\u0131r\u0131r\u0131z” sorusuna odaklanman\u0131n zaman\u0131 geldi.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Giri\u015f: B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri’nin Y\u00fckseli\u015fi ve D\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc On y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir insanlar\u0131n verilerinden i\u015fe yarar i\u00e7g\u00f6r\u00fcler elde edememesinin…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[1392,1398,1393,1399,1396,1395,1397,1394],"class_list":{"0":"post-29685","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"tag-big-data-cagi-bitti-mi-on-yillik-bir-yanilginin-hikayesi","8":"tag-bulut-bilisim","9":"tag-buyuk-veri","10":"tag-data-lake","11":"tag-google-bigquery","12":"tag-veri-ambari","13":"tag-veri-maliyeti","14":"tag-veri-stratejisi","15":"cs-entry","16":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nBig Data \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 Bitti mi? On Y\u0131ll\u0131k Bir Yan\u0131lg\u0131n\u0131n Hikayesi - Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/big-data-cagi-bitti-mi-on-yillik-bir-yanilginin-hikayesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Big Data \u00c7a\u011f\u0131 Bitti mi? 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