{"id":29456,"date":"2025-09-13T14:32:37","date_gmt":"2025-09-13T11:32:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-artimli-yedekleme-kurulumu-kurtarma-bolum-3\/"},"modified":"2025-09-13T14:32:37","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T11:32:37","slug":"postgresql-artimli-yedekleme-kurulumu-kurtarma-bolum-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-artimli-yedekleme-kurulumu-kurtarma-bolum-3\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL Art\u0131ml\u0131 Yedekleme Kurulumu: Kurtarma &#8211; B\u00f6l\u00fcm 3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>PostgreSQL Art\u0131ml\u0131 Yedekleme Kurulumu: Kurtarma &#8211; B\u00f6l\u00fcm 3<\/p>\n<p>Veri kayb\u0131 her \u015firket i\u00e7in ciddi bir tehdit olu\u015fturur.  PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ve felaket durumlar\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir kurtarma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme stratejileri hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme kurulumunu, kurtarma i\u015flemlerini ve performans optimizasyonunu ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele alarak,  verilerinizi g\u00fcvence alt\u0131na alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacakt\u0131r.  Farkl\u0131 yedekleme y\u00f6ntemlerini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rarak size en uygun olan\u0131 se\u00e7menize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>PostgreSQL Art\u0131ml\u0131 Yedekleme: Temel Kavramlar<\/h2>\n<p>Art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme, tam bir yedeklemenin ard\u0131ndan sadece de\u011fi\u015ftirilen verilerin yedeklenmesi ilkesine dayan\u0131r.  Bu, tam yedeklemelere k\u0131yasla daha az depolama alan\u0131 t\u00fcketir ve yedekleme s\u00fcresini k\u0131salt\u0131r.  PostgreSQL, bu yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli ara\u00e7lar ve y\u00f6ntemler sunar.  Ancak,  art\u0131ml\u0131 yedeklemenin etkinli\u011fi, do\u011fru strateji ve d\u00fczenli bak\u0131m ile yak\u0131ndan ilgilidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, s\u0131k aral\u0131klarla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck art\u0131ml\u0131 yedeklemeler yapmak, b\u00fcy\u00fck art\u0131ml\u0131 yedeklemeler yapmaktan daha h\u0131zl\u0131 bir kurtarma s\u00fcreci sa\u011flayabilir.  Ayn\u0131 zamanda, yedek dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edilmesi ve gereksiz dosyalar\u0131n silinmesi depolama alan\u0131ndan tasarruf sa\u011flar ve performans\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta, tam bir yedekleme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir ve bu, temel yedekleme noktas\u0131 olur. Sonraki her yedekleme, \u00f6nceki yedeklemeden bu yana de\u011fi\u015ftirilen verileri i\u00e7erir.  Bu sayede, tam bir yedeklemenin yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 tarihten itibaren verilerin t\u00fcm ge\u00e7mi\u015fi yeniden olu\u015fturulabilir.  Bu sistem, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 kurtarma s\u00fcresi, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck depolama maliyeti ve esneklik sa\u011flar.  Ancak,  art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme stratejilerinin do\u011fru tasarlanmas\u0131 ve y\u00f6netilmesi olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. Aksi takdirde, beklenmedik sorunlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, yedekleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n hasar g\u00f6rmesi durumunda verilerinizin g\u00fcvenli\u011fi riske girebilir.<\/p>\n<h2>pg_dump ile Tam ve Art\u0131ml\u0131 Yedekleme Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/h2>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;in yerle\u015fik arac\u0131 <code>pg_dump<\/code>, hem tam hem de art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  Tam yedekleme i\u00e7in <code>pg_dump<\/code> komutu do\u011frudan kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme i\u00e7in  <code>pg_dump<\/code> ile birlikte \u00e7e\u015fitli stratejiler kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  En yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntemlerden biri, \u00f6nceki tam yedeklemeden sonraki de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri izlemek i\u00e7in WAL (Write-Ahead Logging) dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmakt\u0131r.  Bu, sadece de\u011fi\u015ftirilen verilerin yedeklenmesini sa\u011flar ve yedekleme s\u00fcresini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131saltabilir.  \u00d6ncelikle, tam bir yedekleme olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekmektedir. Bunun i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">pg_dump -U postgres -h localhost -Fc mydatabase > mydatabase_full_backup.dump<\/pre>\n<p><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Bu komut, <code>postgres<\/code> kullan\u0131c\u0131s\u0131yla <code>localhost<\/code> sunucusundaki <code>mydatabase<\/code> veritaban\u0131n\u0131n tam bir yede\u011fini <code>mydatabase_full_backup.dump<\/code> dosyas\u0131na olu\u015fturur.  <code>-Fc<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi, s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir format olan custom format\u0131 kullan\u0131r, bu da depolama alan\u0131ndan tasarruf etmenizi sa\u011flar. Daha sonra, art\u0131ml\u0131 yedeklemeler i\u00e7in, WAL dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak de\u011fi\u015fiklikleri kaydedebilirsiniz.  Bu,  <code>pg_basebackup<\/code> komutu ile yap\u0131labilir ancak daha karma\u015f\u0131kt\u0131r ve ileri d\u00fczey konulara girer. Basit bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olarak, d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla yeni tam yedeklemeler alabilirsiniz. Bu y\u00f6ntem, art\u0131ml\u0131 yedeklemeden daha basit olsa da, daha fazla depolama alan\u0131 gerektirir ve kurtarma s\u00fcresi daha uzun olabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>PostgreSQL Yedekleme Stratejilerinin Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Farkl\u0131 yedekleme stratejilerinin performans\u0131n\u0131 ve verimini anlamak, veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde \u00f6nemlidir.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tablo, farkl\u0131 stratejilerin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Yedekleme Stratejisi<\/th>\n<th>Depolama Alan\u0131<\/th>\n<th>Yedekleme S\u00fcresi<\/th>\n<th>Kurtarma S\u00fcresi<\/th>\n<th>Karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Sadece Tam Yedekleme<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<td>Orta<\/td>\n<td>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tam + Art\u0131ml\u0131 Yedekleme (WAL kullanarak)<\/td>\n<td>Orta<\/td>\n<td>Orta<\/td>\n<td>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/td>\n<td>Orta<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Tam + Art\u0131ml\u0131 Yedekleme (Log Shipping)<\/td>\n<td>Orta<\/td>\n<td>Orta<\/td>\n<td>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck<\/td>\n<td>Y\u00fcksek<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Tabloda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, sadece tam yedekleme stratejisi en basit olmakla birlikte, en fazla depolama alan\u0131 ve yedekleme s\u00fcresi gerektirir.  Tam + Art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme stratejileri ise daha verimli olup, hem depolama alan\u0131ndan hem de yedekleme s\u00fcresinden tasarruf sa\u011flar.  Ancak,  daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir kurulum gerektirirler.  Se\u00e7ilecek strateji, veritaban\u0131n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, yedekleme frekans\u0131 ve kurtarma gereksinimleri gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir veritaban\u0131 i\u00e7in  Tam + Art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme stratejisi daha uygun olabilirken, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir veritaban\u0131 i\u00e7in sadece tam yedekleme yeterli olabilir.  Her iki durumda da, d\u00fczenli yedekleme alman\u0131n \u00f6nemini vurgulamak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<h2>Yedekleme S\u00fcrecinin Otomasyonu<\/h2>\n<p>PostgreSQL yedekleme i\u015flemini otomatikle\u015ftirmek, verilerinizi korumak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.  Bu, cron i\u015fleri veya benzeri ara\u00e7lar kullanarak yap\u0131labilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, Linux sistemlerinde cron kullanarak g\u00fcnl\u00fck art\u0131ml\u0131 yedeklemeler planlayabilirsiniz.  Bu, d\u00fczenli yedeklemeler alman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayarak veri kayb\u0131 riskini en aza indirir.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da, Linux sistemlerinde cron kullanarak g\u00fcnl\u00fck art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme planlaman\u0131n basit bir \u00f6rne\u011fi g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-bash\">0 3 * * * \/usr\/bin\/pg_dump -U postgres -h localhost -Fc mydatabase > \/backup\/mydatabase_$(date +%Y%m%d).dump<\/pre>\n<p><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Bu komut, her g\u00fcn saat 03:00'te <code>mydatabase<\/code> veritaban\u0131n\u0131n tam bir yede\u011fini al\u0131r ve yede\u011fi <code>\/backup<\/code> dizinine kaydeder.  <code>$(date +%Y%m%d)<\/code> ifadesi, yedek dosyas\u0131n\u0131n tarihine g\u00f6re adland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  Bu otomasyon, manuel m\u00fcdahaleye gerek kalmadan d\u00fczenli yedeklemelerin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  Ancak, g\u00fcvenlik ve depolama alan\u0131 y\u00f6netimi gibi konulara dikkat edilmesi gerekmektedir.  Yedekleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli bir yerde saklanmas\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli olarak yedeklerin kontrol edilmesi \u00f6nemlidir.  Ayr\u0131ca, depolama alan\u0131n\u0131n dolmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in eski yedeklerin d\u00fczenli olarak silinmesi gerekebilir.  Bu otomasyon i\u015flemlerinin do\u011fru \u015fekilde kurulmas\u0131 ve d\u00fczenli olarak kontrol edilmesi, verilerinizin korunmas\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n<h2>PostgreSQL Kurtarma \u0130\u015flemi: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m<\/h2>\n<p>Bir veritaban\u0131 ar\u0131zas\u0131 durumunda, yedekleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kurtarabilirsiniz.  Kurtarma i\u015flemi, yedekleme stratejinize ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015febilir.  Tam bir yedekleme kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, <code>pg_restore<\/code> komutu kullan\u0131labilir.  Art\u0131ml\u0131 yedeklemeler kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, \u00f6nce tam yedeklemeyi, ard\u0131ndan art\u0131ml\u0131 yedeklemeleri s\u0131rayla geri y\u00fcklemeniz gerekir.  Bu i\u015flem olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir ve veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n boyutuna ve yedekleme stratejinize ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak uzun s\u00fcrebilir.   Kurtarma i\u015flemine ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n durumunu kontrol etmek ve do\u011fru yedekleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mek \u00f6nemlidir.  Yanl\u0131\u015f yedekleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 verilerinizin geri al\u0131namaz bir \u015fekilde kaybedilmesine neden olabilir.  Bu nedenle, yedekleme stratejinizi planlarken ve kurtarma i\u015flemini yaparken dikkatli olmak son derece \u00f6nemlidir.  Ayr\u0131ca, kurtarma i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda olu\u015fan hatalar\u0131 izlemek ve gerekli \u00f6nlemleri almak gerekir.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in (https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130leri D\u00fczey PostgreSQL Yedekleme Teknikleri<\/h2>\n<p>Deneyimli veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri i\u00e7in, daha ileri d\u00fczey yedekleme teknikleri mevcuttur.  Bunlar aras\u0131nda, streaming replication, logical replication ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti yedekleme \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri bulunur.  Streaming replication, bir ana veritaban\u0131ndan yedek bir veritaban\u0131na ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 veri kopyalamay\u0131 sa\u011flar.  Logical replication, sadece belirli tablolar\u0131n veya verilerin kopyalanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti yedekleme \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri, daha fazla \u00f6zellik ve esneklik sunar.  Bu teknikler, daha karma\u015f\u0131k kurulumlar ve y\u00f6netim gerektirir ancak daha y\u00fcksek d\u00fczeyde y\u00fcksek kullan\u0131labilirlik ve felaket kurtarma sa\u011flar.  Bu tekniklerin se\u00e7imi, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, kritikli\u011fi ve b\u00fct\u00e7eniz gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  Her bir tekni\u011fin avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 dikkatlice de\u011ferlendirilmelidir.  Yanl\u0131\u015f bir se\u00e7im, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini ve performans\u0131n\u0131 olumsuz y\u00f6nde etkileyebilir.  Bu nedenle, uzman bir dan\u0131\u015fmandan destek almak faydal\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<h2>G\u00fcvenlik Uyar\u0131lar\u0131<\/h2>\n<div style=\"border: 2px solid red; padding: 10px; background-color: #ffdddd;\">\n  <strong>Dikkat:<\/strong> Yedekleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcvenli bir yerde saklay\u0131n ve yetkisiz eri\u015fime kar\u015f\u0131 koruyun.  Yedekleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131n \u015fifrelenmesi g\u00fcvenli\u011fi art\u0131r\u0131r.  Ayr\u0131ca, d\u00fczenli olarak yedek dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kontrol ederek hasar olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.\n<\/div>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme stratejilerinin uygulanmas\u0131, veri kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemede kritik bir rol oynar.  Bu makalede ele al\u0131nan teknikler ve stratejiler, verilerinizi korumak ve felaket durumlar\u0131nda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir kurtarma sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.  Ancak,  her veritaban\u0131 ortam\u0131 farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, en uygun yedekleme stratejisi veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n \u00f6zelliklerine ve gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re belirlenmelidir.  D\u00fczenli yedekleme alma ve test etme, verilerinizi korumak i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemli ad\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Soru:<\/strong> Art\u0131ml\u0131 yedekleme i\u00e7in hangi s\u0131kl\u0131kta yedekleme almal\u0131y\u0131m? <br \/><strong>Cevap:<\/strong>  Bu, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n aktivitesine ve veri kayb\u0131 tolerans\u0131n\u0131za ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  Y\u00fcksek aktiviteli veritabanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in daha s\u0131k aral\u0131klarla (\u00f6rne\u011fin, her saat veya her g\u00fcn) yedekleme alman\u0131z gerekebilir.\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Soru:<\/strong> Yedekleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 nerede saklamal\u0131y\u0131m? <br \/><strong>Cevap:<\/strong>  Yedekleme dosyalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 g\u00fcvenli, yedekli ve eri\u015filebilir bir konumda saklaman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.  Bulut depolama veya ayr\u0131 bir sunucu ideal olabilir.\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Soru:<\/strong>  Yedekleme i\u015flemi ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z olursa ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m? <br \/><strong>Cevap:<\/strong>  Yedekleme i\u015flemini izleyin ve ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131k durumunda nedenini belirleyin.  Gerekirse, yedekleme komutunu inceleyin ve gerekli ayarlamalar\u0131 yap\u0131n.\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Soru:<\/strong>  pg_dump ve pg_basebackup aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir? <br \/><strong>Cevap:<\/strong> pg_dump mant\u0131ksal bir yedekleme olu\u015ftururken, pg_basebackup fiziksel bir yedekleme olu\u015fturur.  pg_basebackup genellikle daha h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r ancak daha fazla depolama alan\u0131 gerektirir.\n  <\/li>\n<li><strong>Soru:<\/strong>  \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti yedekleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanmal\u0131 m\u0131y\u0131m? <br \/><strong>Cevap:<\/strong>  \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc parti ara\u00e7lar daha geli\u015fmi\u015f \u00f6zellikler sunabilir ancak ek maliyetler de getirebilir.  \u0130htiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re de\u011ferlendirmeniz gerekir.\n  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL Art\u0131ml\u0131 Yedekleme Kurulumu: Kurtarma &#8211; B\u00f6l\u00fcm 3 Veri kayb\u0131 her \u015firket i\u00e7in ciddi bir tehdit olu\u015fturur. PostgreSQL&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-29456","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL Art\u0131ml\u0131 Yedekleme Kurulumu: Kurtarma - B\u00f6l\u00fcm 3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Veri kayb\u0131 her \u015firket i\u00e7in ciddi bir tehdit olu\u015fturur. 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