{"id":29085,"date":"2025-09-07T13:30:24","date_gmt":"2025-09-07T10:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/buyuk-dil-modelleri-icin-web-icerigi-kazima\/"},"modified":"2025-09-07T13:30:24","modified_gmt":"2025-09-07T10:30:24","slug":"buyuk-dil-modelleri-icin-web-icerigi-kazima","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/buyuk-dil-modelleri-icin-web-icerigi-kazima\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Dil Modelleri i\u00e7in Web \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi Kaz\u0131ma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck Dil Modelleri i\u00e7in Web \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi Kaz\u0131ma<\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck dil modelleri (LLM&#8217;ler) i\u00e7in kaliteli veri, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir model e\u011fitiminin ve performans\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir.  Ancak, bu verileri toplamak her zaman kolay de\u011fildir.  Web&#8217;den veri toplamak i\u00e7in web scraping, yani web i\u00e7eri\u011fi kaz\u0131ma, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r; fakat  yasa ve etik kurallara uymak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede, LLM&#8217;ler i\u00e7in web scraping tekniklerini, zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.  Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesinden ileri seviyeye kadar kademeli bir \u00f6\u011frenme yol haritas\u0131 sunarak,  web scraping d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sa\u011flam bir temel olu\u015fturman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>Web Scraping Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h2>\n<p>Web scraping, otomatik bir \u015fekilde web sayfalar\u0131ndan veri \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemidir.  Bu i\u015flem, genellikle programlama dilleri (Python, JavaScript vb.) ve \u00f6zel k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.  LLM&#8217;ler i\u00e7in, web scraping, e\u011fitim verisi toplamak, bilgi g\u00fcncelli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ve \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklardan bilgi birle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6neme sahiptir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir LLM&#8217;yi farkl\u0131 haber sitelerinden toplanan verilerle e\u011fitirsek, modelin olaylara ve konulara ili\u015fkin daha kapsaml\u0131 bir anlay\u0131\u015f geli\u015ftirmesi sa\u011flan\u0131r.  Bununla birlikte,  web scraping&#8217;in yasal ve etik s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 bilmek ve bu s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 a\u015fmamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.  Web sitesi sahiplerinin robot.txt dosyalar\u0131na ve kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131na sayg\u0131 g\u00f6stermek,  verilerin sorumlu bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<h2>Web Scraping i\u00e7in Temel Kavramlar: Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 Seviyesi<\/h2>\n<p>Web scraping&#8217;e ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, baz\u0131 temel kavramlar\u0131 anlaman\u0131z gerekir. Bunlar aras\u0131nda HTML, CSS ve JavaScript gibi web teknolojileri yer al\u0131r.  Bir web sayfas\u0131n\u0131n temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan HTML,  sayfan\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fczenleyen CSS ve sayfaya interaktiflik kazand\u0131ran JavaScript&#8217;tir.  Bu dilleri anlaman\u0131z, web sayfalar\u0131ndan veri \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemini kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.  Python programlama dili, web scraping i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve Beautiful Soup, Scrapy gibi g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc k\u00fct\u00fcphaneler sunar. Beautiful Soup k\u00fct\u00fcphanesi, HTML ve XML verilerini ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in idealdir; Scrapy ise daha b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli projeler i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir web scraping \u00e7er\u00e7evesidir.  Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 olarak, basit bir Python beti\u011fi ile bir web sayfas\u0131ndaki ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve paragraflar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 deneyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>Python ile Basit Web Scraping: \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar<\/h3>\n<p>\u0130\u015fte basit bir Python \u00f6rne\u011fi: Bu \u00f6rnek, requests ve Beautiful Soup k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini kullanarak bir web sayfas\u0131ndan ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.  \u00d6ncelikle bu k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri kurman\u0131z gerekir:  <code>pip install requests beautifulsoup4<\/code><\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">import requests\nfrom bs4 import BeautifulSoup\n\nurl = \"https:\/\/www.ornekwebsite.com\"  # Hedef web sitesinin URL&#039;si\nresponse = requests.get(url)\nsoup = BeautifulSoup(response.content, \"html.parser\")\n\nbasliklar = soup.find_all(\"h2\") # T\u00fcm h2 etiketlerini bulur.\nfor baslik in basliklar:\n    print(baslik.text)<\/pre>\n<p><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Bu kod, belirtilen URL'deki t\u00fcm \"h2\" etiketlerini bulur ve bunlar\u0131n metin i\u00e7eri\u011fini ekrana yazd\u0131r\u0131r.  Daha karma\u015f\u0131k verileri \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in, CSS se\u00e7iciler ve XPath gibi teknikleri kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in (https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h2>Orta Seviye Web Scraping:  Daha Karma\u015f\u0131k Veriler<\/h2>\n<p>Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesini ge\u00e7tikten sonra, daha karma\u015f\u0131k web sitelerinden veri \u00e7\u0131karmaya ba\u015flayabilirsiniz.  Bu a\u015famada, dinamik olarak olu\u015fturulan i\u00e7eriklerle ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak i\u00e7in JavaScript renderleme tekniklerini \u00f6\u011frenmeniz gerekecektir.  Selenium veya Playwright gibi ara\u00e7lar, JavaScript kodunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak dinamik i\u00e7erikleri elde etmenize olanak tan\u0131r.  Ayr\u0131ca, verileri daha verimli bir \u015fekilde i\u015flemek i\u00e7in veri yap\u0131lar\u0131na (\u00f6rne\u011fin, JSON) ve veri i\u015fleme tekniklerine a\u015fina olman\u0131z gerekir.  Karma\u015f\u0131k web sitelerinin yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in geli\u015ftirici ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeniz,  veri \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde kolayla\u015ft\u0131racakt\u0131r.  Web sitelerinin yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, hangi etiketleri, s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131 ve kimlikleri kullanarak hedef verileri elde edece\u011finizi belirlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<h3>Dinamik \u0130\u00e7erik ile Ba\u015fa \u00c7\u0131kma: Selenium \u00d6rne\u011fi<\/h3>\n<p>Selenium kullanarak dinamik bir web sayfas\u0131ndan veri \u00e7\u0131karma \u00f6rne\u011fi:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">from selenium import webdriver\nfrom selenium.webdriver.common.by import By\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait\nfrom selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC\n\n# Selenium webdriver&#039;\u0131n\u0131 ba\u015flat\u0131n (\u00f6rne\u011fin, Chrome)\ndriver = webdriver.Chrome()\ndriver.get(\"https:\/\/www.ornekwebsite.com\")\n\n# Beklenen bir \u00f6\u011fenin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini bekleyin\nelement = WebDriverWait(driver, 10).until(\n    EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID, \"ornek-id\"))\n)\n\n# \u00d6\u011fenin metnini al\u0131n\nveri = element.text\nprint(veri)\n\ndriver.quit()<\/pre>\n<p><\/code><\/p>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnek, belirli bir ID'ye sahip bir \u00f6\u011fenin g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini bekler ve ard\u0131ndan metnini al\u0131r.  Selenium'un kullan\u0131m\u0131, dinamik web sayfalar\u0131nda veri \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemini daha g\u00fcvenilir hale getirir.<\/p>\n<h2>\u0130leri Seviye Web Scraping: \u00d6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve Performans<\/h2>\n<p>\u0130leri seviye web scraping, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7ekli projelerde veri toplamay\u0131 ve performans\u0131 optimize etmeyi i\u00e7erir.  Bu a\u015famada, Scrapy gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri kullanarak verileri daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve verimli bir \u015fekilde elde edebilirsiniz.  Ayr\u0131ca, proxy sunucular\u0131 kullanarak IP adreslerinizi gizleyebilirsiniz ve web sitelerinin  IP adresinizi engellemesini \u00f6nleyebilirsiniz.  Veri toplama h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 kontrol etmek ve web sitesi sunucular\u0131na y\u00fck bindirmemek i\u00e7in gecikmeler (delay) eklemek \u00f6nemlidir.  E\u011fer birden fazla web sitesinden veri topluyorsan\u0131z, e\u015fzamanl\u0131 (concurrent) veya paralel (parallel) i\u015flemler kullanarak performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz.  Veri temizleme ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in daha geli\u015fmi\u015f tekniklere ihtiya\u00e7 duyabilirsiniz.  Veri kalitesini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in verileri do\u011frulamak ve hatalar\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in algoritmalar geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz.   B\u00fcy\u00fck veri setlerini y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in veritabanlar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, MongoDB, PostgreSQL) kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<h3>Scrapy ile Verimli Web Scraping<\/h3>\n<p>Scrapy, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir web scraping projeleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir \u00e7er\u00e7evedir.  Scrapy, verileri daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha verimli bir \u015fekilde toplaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.  Ayr\u0131ca, proxyleri ve hata y\u00f6netimini entegre etmek olduk\u00e7a kolayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<h2>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryolar\u0131: Vaka Analizleri<\/h2>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinden \u00fcr\u00fcn bilgilerini (fiyat, a\u00e7\u0131klama, resim URL'si) toplamak; haber sitelerinden haber ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zetlerini ve yay\u0131n tarihlerini \u00e7\u0131karmak; sosyal medya platformlar\u0131ndan kullan\u0131c\u0131 yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 toplamak; bir hava durumu web sitesinden g\u00fcncel hava durumu bilgilerini almak gibi bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 senaryoda web scraping kullan\u0131labilir.  Her senaryoda, hedef web sitesinin yap\u0131s\u0131 ve veri format\u0131 farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in, uygun stratejiler geli\u015ftirmek ve  k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri ve teknikleri do\u011fru \u015fekilde kullanmak gerekir.<\/p>\n<h2>Web Scraping'de Etik ve Yasal Hususlar<\/h2>\n<p>Dikkat! Web scraping yaparken, web sitesi sahiplerinin izinlerini alman\u0131z ve robot.txt dosyas\u0131na uyman\u0131z \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.  Robot.txt dosyas\u0131, web sitesinin hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinin taranabilece\u011fini ve hangi b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin taranamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.  Web scraping'i k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 kullanmak (\u00f6rne\u011fin, ki\u015fisel bilgileri toplamak veya web sitesini \u00e7\u00f6kertmek) yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r ve a\u011f\u0131r cezalara yol a\u00e7abilir.  Verileri nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve  gizlilik politikalar\u0131na nas\u0131l uyaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 dikkatlice d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmelisiniz.  Toplanan verileri anonimle\u015ftirmek veya gizli tutmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nlemler almal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/h2>\n<p>Bu konuda uzmanla\u015fmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<h3>Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar<\/h3>\n<p>1. HTML, CSS ve temel programlama (Python) \u00f6\u011frenin.<br \/>\n2. Requests ve Beautiful Soup k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerini kullanarak basit web scraping yapmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.<br \/>\n3. Basit web sitelerinden veri toplamay\u0131 deneyin.<\/p>\n<h3>Orta Seviye<\/h3>\n<p>1. Selenium veya Playwright ile dinamik i\u00e7erikleri i\u015flemeyi \u00f6\u011frenin.<br \/>\n2. JSON ve XML gibi veri formatlar\u0131yla \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.<br \/>\n3. Daha karma\u015f\u0131k web sitelerinden veri toplamay\u0131 deneyin.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0130leri Seviye<\/h3>\n<p>1. Scrapy gibi geli\u015fmi\u015f k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.<br \/>\n2. Proxy sunucular\u0131 ve e\u015fzamanl\u0131 i\u015flem tekniklerini kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenin.<br \/>\n3. B\u00fcy\u00fck veri setlerini y\u00f6netmeyi ve verileri i\u015flemeyi \u00f6\u011frenin.<br \/>\n4. Veri kalitesi ve g\u00fcvenli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in algoritmalar geli\u015ftirin.<\/p>\n<h2>Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n<p>Web scraping, LLM'ler i\u00e7in kaliteli veri toplamak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Ancak, etik ve yasal hususlara dikkat ederek ve do\u011fru teknikleri kullanarak  i\u015flemi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmelidir.  Bu makalede, web scraping'in temellerinden ileri seviye tekniklerine kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli konular\u0131 ele ald\u0131k.  Umar\u0131m bu makale, web scraping yolculu\u011funuzda size rehberlik eder. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in (https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<h3>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Web scraping yasal m\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong> Web scraping,  kullan\u0131m ko\u015fullar\u0131na ve robot.txt dosyas\u0131na uyuldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece genellikle yasal kabul edilir. Ancak, ki\u015fisel bilgileri toplamak veya web sitesini \u00e7\u00f6kertmek gibi ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hangi programlama dili daha uygundur?<\/strong> Python, geni\u015f k\u00fct\u00fcphane deste\u011fi ve kolay kullan\u0131m\u0131 sayesinde web scraping i\u00e7in en pop\u00fcler dildir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Web scraping'i ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 yapabilirim?<\/strong> H\u0131z, web sitesinin yap\u0131s\u0131, kullan\u0131lan ara\u00e7lar ve sunucu yan\u0131t s\u00fcresi gibi fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  Web sitesine gere\u011finden fazla y\u00fck bindirmemeye dikkat etmelisiniz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Web scraping'de hangi k\u00fct\u00fcphaneleri kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong> Beautiful Soup, Scrapy, Selenium ve Playwright yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan k\u00fct\u00fcphanelerdir.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Web scraping'den sonra verileri nas\u0131l saklamal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong> Verileri veritabanlar\u0131na (\u00f6rne\u011fin, MongoDB, PostgreSQL) veya dosya sistemine kaydedebilirsiniz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"B\u00fcy\u00fck Dil Modelleri i\u00e7in Web \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi Kaz\u0131ma B\u00fcy\u00fck dil modelleri (LLM&#8217;ler) i\u00e7in kaliteli veri, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir model e\u011fitiminin&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-29085","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>B\u00fcy\u00fck Dil Modelleri i\u00e7in Web \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi Kaz\u0131ma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"B\u00fcy\u00fck dil modelleri (LLM&#039;ler) i\u00e7in kaliteli veri, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir model e\u011fitiminin ve performans\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. Ancak, bu verileri toplamak her zaman kolay de\u011fildir. Web&#039;den veri toplamak i\u00e7in web scraping, yani web i\u00e7eri\u011fi kaz\u0131ma, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r; fakat yasa ve etik kurallara uymak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede, LLM&#039;ler i\u00e7in web scraping tekniklerini, zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesinden ileri seviyeye kadar kademeli bir \u00f6\u011frenme yol haritas\u0131 sunarak, web scraping d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda sa\u011flam bir temel olu\u015fturman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131z.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/buyuk-dil-modelleri-icin-web-icerigi-kazima\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"B\u00fcy\u00fck Dil Modelleri i\u00e7in Web \u0130\u00e7eri\u011fi Kaz\u0131ma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"B\u00fcy\u00fck dil modelleri (LLM&#039;ler) i\u00e7in kaliteli veri, ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir model e\u011fitiminin ve performans\u0131n\u0131n temel ta\u015flar\u0131ndan biridir. Ancak, bu verileri toplamak her zaman kolay de\u011fildir. Web&#039;den veri toplamak i\u00e7in web scraping, yani web i\u00e7eri\u011fi kaz\u0131ma, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r; fakat yasa ve etik kurallara uymak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede, LLM&#039;ler i\u00e7in web scraping tekniklerini, zorluklar\u0131n\u0131 ve en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. 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