{"id":27894,"date":"2025-08-20T12:15:24","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T09:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/"},"modified":"2025-08-20T12:15:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T09:15:24","slug":"postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7me"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7imi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/p>\n<p><strong>Meta A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131:<\/strong> PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re sat\u0131r se\u00e7mek mi istiyorsunuz? Bu makale, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri d\u00fczeye kadar ad\u0131m ad\u0131m rehberlik sa\u011flayarak, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rnekleri ve performans optimizasyon teknikleriyle PostgreSQL&#8217;de tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulamalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak.  <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">>=<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\"><=<\/code> operat\u00f6rleri, tarih fonksiyonlar\u0131 ve indeksleme stratejileri hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi edinin.<\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret \u015firketinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve son bir ayda yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm sipari\u015fleri sorgulaman\u0131z gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Ya da bir sa\u011fl\u0131k kurulu\u015funda \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z ve belirli bir tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda do\u011fan hastalar\u0131n listesini \u00e7\u0131karmak istiyorsan\u0131z?  Bu gibi durumlarda, PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re verileri filtrelemek hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makale, PostgreSQL'de tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re sat\u0131r se\u00e7me i\u015flemini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri d\u00fczey kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makale, PostgreSQL'de tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re veri se\u00e7imi konusunu \u00fc\u00e7 seviyede ele alacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong> Temel kavramlar, <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc ve basit kod \u00f6rnekleri.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131,  <code class=\"language-\">>=<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\"><=<\/code> operat\u00f6rlerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131, tarih fonksiyonlar\u0131 ve performans optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong> Performans analizi, karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulamalar, edge case'ler ve indeksleme stratejileri.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL'de Tarih ve Zaman Veri Tipleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL, tarih ve zaman verilerini saklamak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli veri tipleri sunar. En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lanlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong><code class=\"language-\">date<\/code>:<\/strong>  Yaln\u0131zca tarihi (YYYY-MM-DD) saklar.<br \/>\n* <strong><code class=\"language-\">time<\/code>:<\/strong> Yaln\u0131zca saati (HH:MM:SS) saklar.<br \/>\n* <strong><code class=\"language-\">timestamp<\/code>:<\/strong> Tarih ve saati (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS) saklar.  <code class=\"language-\">timestamp without time zone<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">timestamp with time zone<\/code> olmak \u00fczere iki \u00e7e\u015fidi vard\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">with time zone<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131, farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerini y\u00f6netebilmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.<br \/>\n* <strong><code class=\"language-\">interval<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0130ki tarih veya zaman de\u011feri aras\u0131ndaki fark\u0131 saklar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL'de Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sorgulamalar\u0131:  <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> Operat\u00f6r\u00fc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En basit tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulamas\u0131, <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak yap\u0131l\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, belirtilen aral\u0131ktaki de\u011ferleri se\u00e7er.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte, <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctunu <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code> tipinde olan bir <code class=\"language-\">siparisler<\/code> tablosundan, 2023-10-26 ile 2023-11-25 tarihleri aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sipari\u015fleri se\u00e7iyoruz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_tarihi BETWEEN '2023-10-26' AND '2023-11-25';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununun de\u011feri 2023-10-26 ve 2023-11-25 tarihleri aras\u0131nda olan t\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.  <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, hem ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 hem de biti\u015f tarihlerini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 Sorgulamalar\u0131: <code class=\"language-\">>=<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\"><=<\/code> Operat\u00f6rleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcne alternatif olarak, <code class=\"language-\">>=<\/code> (b\u00fcy\u00fck veya e\u015fittir) ve <code class=\"language-\"><=<\/code> (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya e\u015fittir) operat\u00f6rlerini kullanarak da tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulamalar\u0131 yapabilirsiniz.  Ayn\u0131 \u00f6rne\u011fi bu operat\u00f6rlerle \u015fu \u015fekilde yazabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_tarihi &gt;= '2023-10-26' AND siparis_tarihi &lt;= '2023-11-25';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcyle ayn\u0131 sonucu verir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya \u00d6rne\u011fi: \u00dcr\u00fcn Sat\u0131\u015f Analizi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden bir <code class=\"language-\">satislar<\/code> tablosunuz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.  Bu tabloda <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">satis_tarihi<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">satis_adedi<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.  Son yedi g\u00fcn\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 sorgulamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT urun_adi, SUM(satis_adedi) AS toplam_satis\nFROM satislar\nWHERE satis_tarihi &gt;= CURRENT_DATE - INTERVAL '7 days'\nGROUP BY urun_adi\nORDER BY toplam_satis DESC;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, son yedi g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde her \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in toplam sat\u0131\u015f adedini hesaplar ve en \u00e7ok sat\u0131lan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle ba\u015flayan bir liste halinde g\u00f6sterir.  <code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_DATE<\/code> fonksiyonu bug\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihini verir ve <code class=\"language-\">INTERVAL<\/code> fonksiyonu belirtilen s\u00fcre kadar tarih veya zaman de\u011ferini ekler veya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Optimizasyonu: \u0130ndeksleme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck veritabanlar\u0131nda, tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re sorgulamalar\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in indeksleme kullanmak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.  <code class=\"language-\">satis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks eklemek, sorgu s\u00fcresini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde k\u0131saltabilir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE INDEX idx_satis_tarihi ON satislar (satis_tarihi);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, <code class=\"language-\">satislar<\/code> tablosunun <code class=\"language-\">satis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir B-tree indeksi olu\u015fturur.  B-tree indeksleri, aral\u0131k sorgulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a etkilidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri D\u00fczey Teknikler:  Karma\u015f\u0131k Sorgulamalar ve Edge Case'ler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Daha karma\u015f\u0131k tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in, <code class=\"language-\">EXTRACT<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanarak y\u0131l, ay, g\u00fcn gibi tarih bile\u015fenlerini filtreleyebilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, sadece Ekim 2023'te yap\u0131lan sipari\u015fleri sorgulamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE EXTRACT(YEAR FROM siparis_tarihi) = 2023 AND EXTRACT(MONTH FROM siparis_tarihi) = 10;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, zaman dilimlerini dikkate alman\u0131z gereken durumlarda <code class=\"language-\">timestamp with time zone<\/code> veri tipi ve ilgili fonksiyonlar\u0131 kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir.  Bu konuda daha detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in [Fatih Soysal'\u0131n PostgreSQL \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalelere](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi ve \u0130leri Optimizasyon Teknikleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL'in sundu\u011fu <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutu, bir sorguyu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmenizi sa\u011flar. Bu sayede, sorguyu optimize etmek i\u00e7in indeksleme stratejilerini ve di\u011fer performans iyile\u015ftirme tekniklerini belirleyebilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, yukar\u0131daki sorguyu <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> ile analiz ederek, sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131n indeksleri nas\u0131l kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyebilirsiniz.  E\u011fer indeks kullan\u0131m\u0131 verimsizse, indeks yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yeniden g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL'de tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re sat\u0131r se\u00e7mek, veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netiminde s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan bir i\u015flemdir.  <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">>=<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\"><=<\/code> operat\u00f6rleri, tarih fonksiyonlar\u0131 ve indeksleme stratejileri, bu i\u015flemi verimli bir \u015fekilde ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.  Bu makalede ele al\u0131nan \u00f6rnekler ve teknikler, farkl\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k seviyelerindeki sorgulamalar\u0131 y\u00f6netmenize olanak tan\u0131r.  Unutmay\u0131n ki, performans optimizasyonu i\u00e7in indeksleme ve <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutunu kullanmak b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong># S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc dahil edici midir?<\/strong> Evet, <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc hem ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 hem de biti\u015f tarihlerini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>Zaman dilimlerini nas\u0131l y\u00f6netebilirim?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">timestamp with time zone<\/code> veri tipini kullanarak ve ilgili zaman dilimi fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak zaman dilimlerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck veritabanlar\u0131nda performans\u0131 nas\u0131l iyile\u015ftirebilirim?<\/strong>  \u0130ndeksleme, sorgu optimizasyonu ve par\u00e7alama (partitioning) gibi teknikler kullanarak performans\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>Tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulamalar\u0131nda hangi indeksleme t\u00fcr\u00fc en iyisidir?<\/strong> B-tree indeksleri, tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 sorgulamalar\u0131 i\u00e7in genellikle en etkili indeks t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong><code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_DATE<\/code> fonksiyonu ne yapar?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_DATE<\/code> fonksiyonu, veritaban\u0131 sunucusunun bulundu\u011fu yerdeki ge\u00e7erli tarihi d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7imi Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? Meta A\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131: PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131na g\u00f6re sat\u0131r se\u00e7mek mi&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27894","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL: Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7me<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL: Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7me\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-20T09:15:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"PostgreSQL: Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7me\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-20T09:15:24+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/\"},\"wordCount\":959,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"PostgreSQL\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/\",\"name\":\"PostgreSQL: Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7me\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-20T09:15:24+00:00\",\"description\":\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarih-araliginda-satir-secme\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"PostgreSQL: Tarih Aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7me\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Fatihsoysal.com\",\"description\":\"Blog - 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