{"id":27885,"date":"2025-08-20T09:15:22","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T06:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarihi-belirli-bir-tarihten-buyuk-olan-satirlari-secme\/"},"modified":"2025-08-20T09:15:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T06:15:22","slug":"postgresql-tarihi-belirli-bir-tarihten-buyuk-olan-satirlari-secme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-tarihi-belirli-bir-tarihten-buyuk-olan-satirlari-secme\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Tarihi Belirli Bir Tarihten B\u00fcy\u00fck Olan Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7me"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Tarihten B\u00fcy\u00fck Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7mek: Tam Bir K\u0131lavuz<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda tarih verilerine g\u00f6re filtreleme yapman\u0131z m\u0131 gerekiyor? \u00d6rne\u011fin, belirli bir tarihten sonraki t\u00fcm sipari\u015fleri, veya belirli bir tarihten \u00f6nceki t\u00fcm m\u00fc\u015fteri kay\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131 m\u0131 sorgulamak istiyorsunuz?  Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de tarih kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak sat\u0131r se\u00e7menin farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerini, performans optimizasyonunu ve olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.  Bu rehber, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar herkes i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 bilgiler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu k\u0131lavuz, PostgreSQL&#8217;de tarih filtrelemesini kademeli olarak \u00f6\u011frenmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong> Temel SQL komutlar\u0131 ve basit tarih kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131.<br \/>\n* <strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131, indeksleme ve performans optimizasyonu teknikleri.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong> Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulamalar, performans analizi ve olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131n giderilmesi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL Tarih Veri Tipleri ve Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL, tarih verilerini saklamak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli veri tipleri sunar: <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">timestamp<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">timestamptz<\/code>.  <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code> sadece tarih bilgisini (YYYY-MM-DD), <code class=\"language-\">timestamp<\/code> tarih ve zaman bilgisini (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS), <code class=\"language-\">timestamptz<\/code> ise tarih, zaman ve zaman dilimi bilgisini (YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS TZ) depolar.  Hangi veri tipini kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, zaman bilgisinin \u00f6nemli olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code> kullanmak daha uygun olabilir.  Ancak, zaman bilgisinin \u00f6nemli oldu\u011fu durumlarda <code class=\"language-\">timestamp<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">timestamptz<\/code> kullanman\u0131z gerekir. Zaman dilimi bilgisinin tutulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011finde <code class=\"language-\">timestamptz<\/code> tercih edilmelidir.<\/p>\n<p>Veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda hangi tarih veri tipinin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek, do\u011fru sorguyu yazmak i\u00e7in \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Yanl\u0131\u015f veri tipi kullan\u0131m\u0131 beklenmedik sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilir.  <code class=\"language-\">information_schema<\/code> veritaban\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak tablolar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n veri tiplerini kontrol edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Tarihten B\u00fcy\u00fck Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7me: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m K\u0131lavuz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi, PostgreSQL&#8217;de tarih kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak sat\u0131r se\u00e7meyi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m inceleyelim.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">siparisler<\/code> adl\u0131 bir tablomuz oldu\u011funu ve bu tablonun <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code> s\u00fctunu i\u00e7erdi\u011fini varsayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki SQL sorgusu, <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctunu 2023-10-26 tarihinden b\u00fcy\u00fck olan t\u00fcm sipari\u015fleri se\u00e7er:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_tarihi &gt; '2023-10-26';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">><\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununu &#8216;2023-10-26&#8217; tarihiyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">>=<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131larak e\u015fit veya b\u00fcy\u00fck olan tarihler de se\u00e7ilebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Basit bir \u00f6rnek:<\/strong>  Bir kitap\u00e7\u0131 veritaban\u0131n\u0131z oldu\u011funu ve kitaplar\u0131n yay\u0131n tarihlerini i\u00e7eren bir tablo oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.  2022 y\u0131l\u0131ndan sonra yay\u0131nlanan t\u00fcm kitaplar\u0131 listelemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM kitaplar\nWHERE yayin_tarihi &gt; '2022-01-01';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryolar\u0131 ve Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinin sipari\u015f verilerini i\u00e7eren bir veritaban\u0131n\u0131 ele alal\u0131m.  Son 7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7indeki sipari\u015fleri listelemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_tarihi &gt;= NOW() - INTERVAL '7 days';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">NOW()<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanarak \u015fu anki tarihi al\u0131r ve <code class=\"language-\">INTERVAL<\/code> fonksiyonuyla 7 g\u00fcn geriye gider.  <code class=\"language-\">NOW()<\/code> fonksiyonu <code class=\"language-\">timestamp with time zone<\/code> d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc i\u00e7in, <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code> s\u00fctunuyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma yaparken dikkatli olmak gerekir. Bu durumda, <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununun <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code> tipi olmas\u0131, kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n do\u011fru yap\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Optimizasyonu:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck veritabanlar\u0131nda, tarih s\u00fctunlar\u0131na indeks eklemek sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut, <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks ekler:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE INDEX siparis_tarihi_idx ON siparisler (siparis_tarihi);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0130ndeksler, veritaban\u0131n\u0131n belirli bir s\u00fctuna g\u00f6re filtreleme yaparken daha h\u0131zl\u0131 arama yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  Ancak, indeks eklemenin maliyeti de vard\u0131r. \u00c7ok fazla indeks eklemek, veritaban\u0131n\u0131n yazma i\u015flemlerini yava\u015flatabilir.  Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla, indeksleme konusunda dikkatli olmak ve gereksiz indekslerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Karma\u015f\u0131k Sorgulamalar ve Performans Analizi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bazen, birden fazla tarih ko\u015fulunu ayn\u0131 anda kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131 ile Mart ay\u0131 aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan sipari\u015fleri se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_tarihi &gt;= '2023-01-01' AND siparis_tarihi &lt;= '2023-03-31';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">AND<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc kullanarak iki tarih ko\u015fulunu birle\u015ftirir.  <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc de kullan\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_tarihi BETWEEN '2023-01-01' AND '2023-03-31';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.  <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutu, sorguyu nas\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fctece\u011fini g\u00f6sterir ve performans darbo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>EXPLAIN SELECT *\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_tarihi &gt; '2023-10-26';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Edge Case&#8217;ler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Zaman dilimi farklar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan sorunlar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, <code class=\"language-\">timestamptz<\/code> veri tipini kullan\u0131rken dikkatli olmak ve zaman dilimlerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmek \u00f6nemlidir.  <code class=\"language-\">AT TIME ZONE<\/code> fonksiyonu, farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerindeki tarihleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131rken yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Uygulama \u00d6rnekleri: Farkl\u0131 Senaryolar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek 1: M\u00fc\u015fteri Kay\u0131t Tarihleri:<\/strong> Bir m\u00fc\u015fteri veritaban\u0131nda, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131ndan \u00f6nce kay\u0131t olan m\u00fc\u015fterileri listelemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM musteriler\nWHERE kayit_tarihi &lt; '2024-01-01';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek 2: \u00dcr\u00fcn Stok Tarihleri:<\/strong>  Bir envanter y\u00f6netim sisteminde, stok seviyesi belirli bir tarihten sonra g\u00fcncellenen t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnleri listelemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT *\nFROM urunler\nWHERE stok_guncelleme_tarihi &gt; '2023-11-15';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de tarih kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 yaparak sat\u0131r se\u00e7menin farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerini ve performans optimizasyon tekniklerini inceledik.  Do\u011fru indeksleme ve veritaban\u0131 tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n, b\u00fcy\u00fck veritabanlar\u0131nda sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilece\u011fini unutmay\u0131n.  Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutunu kullanmay\u0131 ve zaman dilimi farklar\u0131na dikkat etmeyi unutmay\u0131n.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n PostgreSQL kaynaklar\u0131na](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">NOW()<\/code> fonksiyonu hangi veri tipini d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">timestamp with time zone<\/code> d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<br \/>\n2. <strong>Tarih s\u00fctunlar\u0131na indeks eklemenin faydalar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/strong> Sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<br \/>\n3. <strong><code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong> \u0130ki tarih aras\u0131nda olan de\u011ferleri se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n4. <strong>Zaman dilimi farklar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan sorunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00f6nleyebilirim?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">timestamptz<\/code> veri tipini kullan\u0131rken dikkatli olmak ve zaman dilimlerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmek gerekir.<br \/>\n5. <strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de tarih manip\u00fclasyonu i\u00e7in hangi fonksiyonlar\u0131 kullanabilirim?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">DATE_TRUNC<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">EXTRACT<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">AGE<\/code> gibi fonksiyonlar tarih manip\u00fclasyonu i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Tarihten B\u00fcy\u00fck Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7mek: Tam Bir K\u0131lavuz PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda tarih verilerine g\u00f6re filtreleme yapman\u0131z m\u0131 gerekiyor?&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27885","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL: Tarihi Belirli Bir Tarihten B\u00fcy\u00fck Olan Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7me<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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