{"id":27867,"date":"2025-08-20T03:15:24","date_gmt":"2025-08-20T00:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-bugunun-tarihine-ait-satirlari-secme\/"},"modified":"2025-08-20T03:15:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-20T00:15:24","slug":"postgresql-bugunun-tarihine-ait-satirlari-secme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-bugunun-tarihine-ait-satirlari-secme\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Tarihine Ait Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7me"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Tarihine Ait Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7mek<\/p>\n<p>Bug\u00fcn, veri taban\u0131n\u0131zdaki milyonlarca kay\u0131ttan sadece bug\u00fcne ait olanlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 ve verimli bir \u015fekilde nas\u0131l se\u00e7ebilece\u011finizi \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.  Bu, \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015flem kay\u0131tlar\u0131 tutan, haber siteleri, e-ticaret platformlar\u0131 veya borsa verileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan uygulamalar i\u00e7in kritik bir performans optimizasyonudur.  Yanl\u0131\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131m, performans sorunlar\u0131na ve uzun bekleme s\u00fcrelerine yol a\u00e7abilir. Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de bug\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihine ait sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7menin en etkili y\u00f6ntemlerini, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan uzmanlara kadar herkesin anlayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL Tarih ve Zaman Fonksiyonlar\u0131: Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL, tarih ve zaman verilerini i\u015flemek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc fonksiyonlar sunar.  Bu fonksiyonlar, bug\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihini belirlemek ve veritaban\u0131n\u0131zdaki tarihlerle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in gereklidir.  \u00d6ncelikle, en temel olan <code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_DATE<\/code> fonksiyonunu tan\u0131yal\u0131m. Bu fonksiyon, veritaban\u0131 sunucusunun bulundu\u011fu sistemin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc tarihini d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.  <\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">SELECT CURRENT_DATE;<\/code> sorgusu, \u015fu anki tarihi <code class=\"language-\">YYYY-MM-DD<\/code> format\u0131nda geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.  Ancak, verileriniz farkl\u0131 bir tarih format\u0131nda saklan\u0131yorsa,  <code class=\"language-\">TO_DATE<\/code> fonksiyonu ile tarih format\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeniz gerekebilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">TO_DATE('2024-10-27', 'YYYY-MM-DD')<\/code>  27 Ekim 2024 tarihini PostgreSQL&#8217;e uygun formatta temsil eder.<\/p>\n<p>Bunun yan\u0131nda, tarih kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">>=<\/code> (b\u00fcy\u00fck veya e\u015fittir) ve <code class=\"language-\"><=<\/code> (k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya e\u015fittir) operat\u00f6rlerini kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.  <code class=\"language-\">BETWEEN<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc de iki tarih aras\u0131nda kalan de\u011ferleri se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Tarihine Ait Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7me: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulama<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 1:<\/strong>  Basit bir tablo olu\u015ftural\u0131m:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE TABLE siparisler (\n    siparis_id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,\n    siparis_tarihi DATE,\n    tutar NUMERIC\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 2:<\/strong>  Tabloya baz\u0131 \u00f6rnek veriler ekleyelim:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>INSERT INTO siparisler (siparis_tarihi, tutar) VALUES\n('2024-10-26', 100),\n('2024-10-27', 200),\n('2024-10-28', 300);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 3:<\/strong>  Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihine ait sipari\u015fleri se\u00e7elim:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT * FROM siparisler WHERE siparis_tarihi = CURRENT_DATE;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctunu bug\u00fcnk\u00fc tarihe e\u015fit olan t\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131 geri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecektir.  E\u011fer bug\u00fcn 27 Ekim 2024 ise, sadece <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> '2024-10-27' olan sat\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek Hayat \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong>  Bir e-ticaret sitesi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.  Her g\u00fcn yap\u0131lan sipari\u015flerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 izlemek istiyorsunuz.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc sipari\u015f say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 verir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT COUNT(*) AS bugun_siparis_sayisi FROM siparisler WHERE siparis_tarihi = CURRENT_DATE;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks eklemek, sorgunun performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131racakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE INDEX siparis_tarihi_index ON siparisler (siparis_tarihi);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri D\u00fczey:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi:<\/strong>  \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck bir veri taban\u0131nda,  <code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_DATE<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131 performans sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.  Bu durumda, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> ko\u015fulunu \u00f6nceden hesaplamak ve bir de\u011fi\u015fken kullanmak daha verimli olabilir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>DO $$\nDECLARE\n  bugun DATE := CURRENT_DATE;\nBEGIN\n  SELECT * FROM siparisler WHERE siparis_tarihi = bugun;\nEND $$;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Edge Caseler:<\/strong>  Saat farklar\u0131 ve zaman dilimleri dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r. E\u011fer <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctunu tarih ve saat bilgisi i\u00e7eriyorsa (<code class=\"language-\">timestamp<\/code> veri tipi),  <code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_DATE<\/code> yerine <code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP<\/code> kullanman\u0131z ve saat bilgisini dikkate alman\u0131z gerekebilir.  Bu durumda, <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanarak saat bilgisini kesebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT * FROM siparisler WHERE date_trunc('day', siparis_tarihi) = CURRENT_DATE;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu,  <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctunundaki saat bilgisini dikkate almadan sadece tarih bilgisini kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL'de Tarih ve Zaman Verileriyle \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL'de tarih ve zaman verileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dikkat edilmesi gereken baz\u0131 noktalar vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Veri Tipi Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> Verilerinizi saklarken do\u011fru veri tipini se\u00e7mek \u00f6nemlidir.  E\u011fer sadece tarih bilgisine ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa <code class=\"language-\">DATE<\/code> veri tipini, tarih ve saat bilgisine ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMP<\/code> veri tipini kullan\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <strong>Zaman Dilimleri:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE<\/code> veri tipi, zaman dilimlerini dikkate al\u0131r.  E\u011fer uygulaman\u0131z farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerini kullan\u0131yorsa, bu veri tipini kullanman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Performans Optimizasyonu:<\/strong>  \u0130ndeksler, tarih ve zaman s\u00fctunlar\u0131nda sorgular\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.  Uygun indeksleri olu\u015fturmak, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Formatlar:<\/strong> Tarih ve zaman verilerinin format\u0131, veritaban\u0131 sunucusu ve uygulaman\u0131z aras\u0131nda uyumlu olmal\u0131d\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">TO_DATE<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">TO_TIMESTAMP<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131, tarih ve zaman formatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryolar\u0131 ve Vaka \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vaka 1:  Web Log Analizi:<\/strong> Bir web sitesinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek i\u00e7in,  <code class=\"language-\">access_log<\/code> tablosunda <code class=\"language-\">access_time<\/code> s\u00fctunu bulunmaktad\u0131r.  Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc ziyaret\u00e7i say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu kullan\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT COUNT(*) FROM access_log WHERE date_trunc('day', access_time) = CURRENT_DATE;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Vaka 2:  Finansal \u0130\u015flemler:<\/strong> Bir banka uygulamas\u0131nda,  <code class=\"language-\">transactions<\/code> tablosunda her bir i\u015flemin <code class=\"language-\">transaction_date<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">amount<\/code> bilgisi tutulmaktad\u0131r. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc toplam i\u015flem tutar\u0131n\u0131 bulmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT SUM(amount) FROM transactions WHERE date_trunc('day', transaction_date) = CURRENT_DATE;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnekler, PostgreSQL'in tarih ve zaman fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya uygulamalar\u0131ndaki g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6stermektedir.  Do\u011fru kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, verilerinizden de\u011ferli bilgiler \u00e7\u0131karmak ve kritik kararlar almak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.  Daha detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL'de bug\u00fcn\u00fcn tarihine ait sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7mek, do\u011fru fonksiyon ve tekniklerin kullan\u0131m\u0131yla olduk\u00e7a kolay ve verimli bir i\u015flemdir.  Bu makalede, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar herkesin anlayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir rehber sunuldu.  Veri b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve performans gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re farkl\u0131 teknikler kullan\u0131labilir.  Unutmay\u0131n ki, uygun indekslerin kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve performans optimizasyon teknikleri, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_DATE<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP<\/code> aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_DATE<\/code> sadece tarihi, <code class=\"language-\">CURRENT_TIMESTAMP<\/code> ise tarih ve saati d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>Zaman dilimlerini nas\u0131l y\u00f6netebilirim?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE<\/code> veri tipini kullanarak zaman dilimlerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde saklayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>Hangi indeksleme stratejisi en iyisidir?<\/strong>  S\u00fctun \u00fczerinde B-tree indeksi olu\u015fturmak genellikle yeterlidir.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in performans\u0131 nas\u0131l iyile\u015ftirebilirim?<\/strong>  Par\u00e7alama (partitioning) ve materialized view gibi teknikleri kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>Farkl\u0131 tarih formatlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l i\u015fleyebilirim?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">TO_DATE<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">TO_TIMESTAMP<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak tarih ve zaman formatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Bug\u00fcn\u00fcn Tarihine Ait Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7mek Bug\u00fcn, veri taban\u0131n\u0131zdaki milyonlarca kay\u0131ttan sadece bug\u00fcne ait olanlar\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 ve&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27867","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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