{"id":27858,"date":"2025-08-20T00:10:25","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T21:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/"},"modified":"2025-08-20T00:10:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T21:10:25","slug":"awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/","title":{"rendered":"awk ile Dosyadan Belirli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma"},"content":{"rendered":"

# awk ile Dosyadan Belirli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma<\/p>\n

Veri analizi ve i\u015flemede, b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalardan belirli bilgileri h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili bir \u015fekilde ay\u0131klamak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. Bu g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ara\u00e7lardan biri awk<\/code>‘t\u0131r. Bu makalede, awk<\/code> kullanarak dosyalardan belirli s\u00fctunlar\u0131 nas\u0131l \u00e7\u0131karaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar kapsayacak \u015fekilde \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz. awk<\/code>‘\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ke\u015ffederek, veri i\u015fleme s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinizi h\u0131zland\u0131racak ve verimlili\u011finizi art\u0131racaks\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu rehber, awk<\/code> ile s\u00fctun \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 seviyede ele alacakt\u0131r: Yeni Ba\u015flayan, Orta ve \u0130leri D\u00fczey. Her seviye i\u00e7in ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klamalar, kod \u00f6rnekleri ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131 sunulacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n

# Yeni Ba\u015flayan: \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/p>\n

awk<\/code> komutu, her sat\u0131r\u0131 (record) ve her sat\u0131rdaki alan\u0131 (field) i\u015fleyerek \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Varsay\u0131lan olarak, alanlar bo\u015flukla ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Bir s\u00fctunu \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in $n<\/code> ifadesini kullan\u0131r\u0131z, burada n<\/code> s\u00fctun numaras\u0131n\u0131 temsil eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin, $1<\/code> ilk s\u00fctunu, $2<\/code> ikinci s\u00fctunu temsil eder.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> data.txt<\/code> adl\u0131 bir dosyam\u0131z olsun:<\/p>\n

Ad Soyad Ya\u015f \u015eehir\nAli Veli 25 Ankara\nAy\u015fe Fatma 30 \u0130stanbul\nMehmet Demir 28 \u0130zmir<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u0130lk ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00fctunlar\u0131 (Ad ve Ya\u015f) ekrana yazd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u015fu komutu kullan\u0131r\u0131z:<\/p>\n
awk '{print $1, $3}' data.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u00c7\u0131kt\u0131:<\/p>\n
Ad Ya\u015f\nAli 25\nAy\u015fe 30\nMehmet 28<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu basit \u00f6rnekte, awk '{print $1, $3}'<\/code> k\u0131sm\u0131, her sat\u0131r i\u00e7in $1<\/code> (ilk s\u00fctun) ve $3<\/code> (\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00fctun)’\u00fc bo\u015flukla ay\u0131rarak yazd\u0131r\u0131r.  data.txt<\/code> ise i\u015flem yap\u0131lacak dosyay\u0131 belirtir.  awk<\/code>‘\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc, bu basit yap\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerine kurulu karma\u015f\u0131k i\u015flemleri de kolayca yapabilmesinde yatmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n
# Orta Seviye: Ger\u00e7ek Hayat \u00d6rnekleri ve Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u015eimdi, daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir senaryoyu ele alal\u0131m.  Bir CSV dosyas\u0131nda (virg\u00fclle ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f de\u011ferler) \u00fcr\u00fcn bilgileri olsun ve sadece \u00fcr\u00fcn ad\u0131 ve fiyat\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak isteyelim.  CSV dosyalar\u0131nda alanlar virg\u00fclle ayr\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, FS<\/code> (Field Separator) de\u011fi\u015fkenini kullanarak alan ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 belirlemeliyiz:<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> urunler.csv<\/code> dosyas\u0131:<\/p>\n
\u00dcr\u00fcn Ad\u0131,Fiyat,Stok,Kategori\nLaptop,10000,50,Elektronik\nTelefon,5000,100,Elektronik\nTablet,4000,75,Elektronik<\/code><\/pre>\n
Sadece \u00fcr\u00fcn ad\u0131 ve fiyat\u0131n\u0131 almak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n
awk -F',' '{print $1, $2}' urunler.csv<\/code><\/pre>\n
Burada -F','<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi, alan ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n virg\u00fcl oldu\u011funu belirtir.<\/p>\n
Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n
* BEGIN<\/code> ve END<\/code> bloklar\u0131:<\/strong> BEGIN<\/code> blo\u011fu, i\u015flem ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce bir kez \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve de\u011fi\u015fkenleri ba\u015flatmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. END<\/code> blo\u011fu ise i\u015flem bittikten sonra bir kez \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve \u00f6zet bilgileri yazd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.
\n* for<\/code> d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc:<\/strong> Birden fazla s\u00fctun i\u015flemi i\u00e7in for<\/code> d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc kullan\u0131labilir.
\n* if<\/code> ko\u015fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Belirli ko\u015fullara g\u00f6re s\u00fctunlar\u0131 filtrelemek i\u00e7in if<\/code> ko\u015fullar\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
# \u0130leri D\u00fczey: Performans Analizi ve Edge Case’ler<\/strong><\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalarda performans kritiktir.  awk<\/code>‘\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in baz\u0131 stratejiler \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n
* Gerekli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 Se\u00e7me:<\/strong> T\u00fcm s\u00fctunlar\u0131 okumak yerine, sadece gerekli s\u00fctunlar\u0131 se\u00e7mek performans\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.
\n* gawk<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> gawk<\/code> (GNU awk), daha fazla \u00f6zellik ve performans sunar.
\n* Bellek Y\u00f6netimi:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalarda, belle\u011fi verimli kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir.  Gereksiz de\u011fi\u015fkenlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve verileri gerekti\u011finde i\u015fleyerek bellekteki y\u00fck\u00fc azaltabiliriz.<\/p>\n
Edge Case’ler:<\/strong><\/p>\n
* Bo\u015f Sat\u0131rlar:<\/strong> Bo\u015f sat\u0131rlar veya eksik alanlar, beklenmedik sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilir.  Bu durumlar\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in if<\/code> ko\u015fullar\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir.
\n* \u00d6zel Karakterler:<\/strong> Alan ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131 olarak kullan\u0131lan karakterler verilerde de bulunabilir. Bu durumda, daha geli\u015fmi\u015f alan ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 mekanizmalar\u0131 kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.  awk<\/code>‘\u0131n split()<\/code> fonksiyonu bu gibi durumlarda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.
\n* \u00c7ok B\u00fcy\u00fck Dosyalar:<\/strong> \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar i\u00e7in, dosyay\u0131 par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcp her par\u00e7ay\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 i\u015fleyerek veya awk<\/code> ile birlikte xargs<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanarak performans\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebiliriz.<\/p>\n
awk ile S\u00fctun \u00c7\u0131karma: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulamal\u0131 K\u0131lavuz<\/strong><\/p>\n
Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, farkl\u0131 senaryolar i\u00e7in ad\u0131m ad\u0131m awk<\/code> komutlar\u0131 ve a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 sunaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n
Senaryo 1: Bo\u015fluklarla Ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Verilerden \u0130kinci ve D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma<\/strong><\/p>\n
awk '{print $2, $4}' data.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n
Senaryo 2: Virg\u00fclle Ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f Verilerden (CSV) \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc ve Be\u015finci S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma<\/strong><\/p>\n
awk -F',' '{print $3, $5}' urunler.csv<\/code><\/pre>\n
Senaryo 3: Belirli bir ko\u015fulu sa\u011flayan sat\u0131rlardan s\u00fctun \u00e7\u0131karma<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin, urunler.csv<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndan fiyat\u0131 5000’den fazla olan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ad\u0131n\u0131 ve fiyat\u0131n\u0131 yazd\u0131ral\u0131m:<\/p>\n
awk -F',' '$2 > 5000 {print $1, $2}' urunler.csv<\/code><\/pre>\n
Senaryo 4:  BEGIN ve END bloklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanma<\/strong><\/p>\n
Toplam \u00fcr\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve ortalama fiyat\u0131 hesaplayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n
awk -F',' 'BEGIN {toplam_fiyat=0; sayac=0} {toplam_fiyat += $2; sayac++} END {print "Toplam \u00dcr\u00fcn Say\u0131s\u0131:", sayac; print "Ortalama Fiyat:", toplam_fiyat\/sayac}' urunler.csv<\/code><\/pre>\n
Performans Optimizasyonu i\u00e7in \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck veri setlerinde awk<\/code> performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n
* Sadece gerekli s\u00fctunlar\u0131 okuyun:<\/strong>  awk<\/code>‘\u0131n t\u00fcm s\u00fctunlar\u0131 okumamas\u0131 i\u00e7in print<\/code> komutunda sadece ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funuz s\u00fctunlar\u0131 belirtin.
\n* gawk<\/code> kullan\u0131n:<\/strong> gawk<\/code>, daha h\u0131zl\u0131 ve daha fazla \u00f6zellik sunar.
\n* D\u00fczenli ifadeleri (regex) verimli kullan\u0131n:<\/strong> Gereksiz karma\u015f\u0131k regex’lerden ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.
\n* Verileri \u00f6nceden i\u015fleyin:<\/strong>  M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, verileri \u00f6nceden filtreleyip daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alt k\u00fcmeye indirgeyin.
\n* Paralel i\u015fleme:<\/strong> \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar i\u00e7in awk<\/code> komutunu par\u00e7alara b\u00f6lerek paralel olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 deneyebilirsiniz.  Bunun i\u00e7in split<\/code> ve xargs<\/code> gibi komutlar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/strong><\/p>\n
1. awk<\/code>‘ta alan ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131y\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftiririm?<\/strong>  -F<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fini kullanarak alan ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, virg\u00fcl i\u00e7in -F','<\/code>.<\/p>\n
2. awk<\/code> ile bo\u015f sat\u0131rlar\u0131 nas\u0131l atlar\u0131m?<\/strong>  NF > 0<\/code> ko\u015fulunu kullanarak bo\u015f olmayan sat\u0131rlar\u0131 filtreleyebilirsiniz: awk 'NF > 0 {print $1, $2}' data.txt<\/code>.<\/p>\n
3. awk<\/code> ile belirli bir s\u00fctun de\u011ferine g\u00f6re sat\u0131rlar\u0131 nas\u0131l filtrelerim?<\/strong>  if<\/code> ko\u015fullar\u0131 kullanarak s\u00fctun de\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re filtreleme yapabilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, $2 > 100 {print $1}<\/code> komutu ikinci s\u00fctunun de\u011feri 100’den b\u00fcy\u00fck olan sat\u0131rlar\u0131n ilk s\u00fctununu yazd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n
4. awk<\/code>‘ta de\u011fi\u015fkenler nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>  awk<\/code>‘ta de\u011fi\u015fkenler do\u011frudan kullan\u0131labilir ve aritmetik i\u015flemler yap\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n
5. awk<\/code>‘\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l art\u0131rabilirim?<\/strong>  Yukar\u0131da belirtilen performans optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin.  Gereksiz i\u015flemlerden ka\u00e7\u0131nmak ve sadece gerekli s\u00fctunlar\u0131 i\u015flemek performans\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n
Bu makalede, awk<\/code> kullanarak dosyalardan belirli s\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma konusunda ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir rehber sunduk.  Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in temel kavramlar\u0131, orta seviye i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rneklerini ve ileri seviye i\u00e7in performans optimizasyonu ve edge case’leri ele ald\u0131k.  awk<\/code>, veri i\u015flemede olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r ve bu rehberin, awk<\/code> becerilerinizi geli\u015ftirmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 umuyoruz.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in [Fatih Soysal’\u0131n web sitesini](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# awk ile Dosyadan Belirli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma Veri analizi ve i\u015flemede, b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalardan belirli bilgileri h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1328],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27858","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-bash","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nawk ile Dosyadan Belirli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"awk ile Dosyadan Belirli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-19T21:10:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"awk ile Dosyadan Belirli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-19T21:10:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/\"},\"wordCount\":1092,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Bash\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/\",\"name\":\"awk ile Dosyadan Belirli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-19T21:10:25+00:00\",\"description\":\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-dosyadan-belirli-sutunlari-cikarma\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"awk ile Dosyadan Belirli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Fatihsoysal.com\",\"description\":\"Blog - 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