{"id":27769,"date":"2025-08-18T18:15:22","date_gmt":"2025-08-18T15:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-iki-karakter-arasindaki-alt-dizgiyi-cikarma\/"},"modified":"2025-08-18T18:15:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-18T15:15:22","slug":"postgresql-iki-karakter-arasindaki-alt-dizgiyi-cikarma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-iki-karakter-arasindaki-alt-dizgiyi-cikarma\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: \u0130ki Karakter Aras\u0131ndaki Alt Dizgiyi \u00c7\u0131karma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de \u0130ki Karakter Aras\u0131ndaki Alt Dizgiyi \u00c7\u0131karma<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda sakl\u0131 metin verilerinden belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ay\u0131klamak m\u0131 istiyorsunuz? \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir e-posta adresinden kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131, bir URL&#8217;den domain ad\u0131n\u0131 veya bir log dosyas\u0131ndan hata kodunu ay\u0131klaman\u0131z gerekiyor olabilir. Bu gibi durumlarda, iki karakter aras\u0131nda kalan alt dizgiyi \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemi hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de bu i\u015flemi farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerle nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, performans optimizasyonunu ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz zorluklar\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc fonksiyonlar\u0131 ile metin manip\u00fclasyonunu kolayl\u0131kla yapabilirsiniz. Bu rehber, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar herkes i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 bilgiler sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Alt Dizi \u00c7\u0131karma: \u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, konuyu ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frenmenizi sa\u011flayacak bir yol haritas\u0131 sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 1: Temel Fonksiyonlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de alt dize \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemi i\u00e7in en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan fonksiyon <code class=\"language-\">substring()<\/code>&#8216;dir.  Bu fonksiyon, metin i\u00e7inde belirli bir konumdan ba\u015flayarak belirli bir uzunlukta alt dizeyi ay\u0131klar. Ancak iki karakter aras\u0131ndakini ay\u0131klamak i\u00e7in biraz daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir yakla\u015f\u0131m gerekmektedir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin,  <code class=\"language-\">'Merhaba D\u00fcnya'<\/code> metninden <code class=\"language-\">'eba'<\/code> y\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 ve biti\u015f konumlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemeliyiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 2: <code class=\"language-\">POSITION()<\/code> Fonksiyonu ile Konum Belirleme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">POSITION()<\/code> fonksiyonu, bir metin i\u00e7inde belirli bir alt dizinin ilk ge\u00e7ti\u011fi konumu bulur.  \u0130ki karakter aras\u0131ndaki alt dizgiyi \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle bu karakterlerin konumlar\u0131n\u0131 bulmal\u0131y\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Basit Kod \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte, <code class=\"language-\">'Merhaba D\u00fcnya'<\/code> metninden &#8216;r&#8217; ve &#8216;a&#8217; karakterleri aras\u0131nda kalan alt dizgiyi (<code class=\"language-\">'eba'<\/code>) <code class=\"language-\">substring()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">POSITION()<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131yoruz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT substring('Merhaba D\u00fcnya' FROM POSITION('r' IN 'Merhaba D\u00fcnya') + 1 FOR POSITION('a' IN 'Merhaba D\u00fcnya') - POSITION('r' IN 'Merhaba D\u00fcnya') -1);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek Hayat \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn kodlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir tablo oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. \u00dcr\u00fcn kodu, <code class=\"language-\">'\u00dcr\u00fcnKodu-12345'<\/code> gibi bir formattad\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">'-' <\/code> karakterinden \u00f6nceki ve sonraki k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 ay\u0131rmak isteyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksleme:<\/strong> E\u011fer s\u0131k s\u0131k bu i\u015flemi yap\u0131yorsan\u0131z, metin s\u00fctununuza bir indeks eklemek performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Ancak, metin s\u00fctunlar\u0131nda indeksleme her zaman etkili de\u011fildir, \u00f6zellikle uzun metinler i\u00e7in.<br \/>\n* <strong>Fonksiyonel \u0130ndeksler:<\/strong>  Daha karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular i\u00e7in fonksiyonel indeksler kullanabilirsiniz. Bu indeksler, fonksiyonun sonucunu indeksler, b\u00f6ylece sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Regular Expressions:<\/strong>  Daha karma\u015f\u0131k desen e\u015fle\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">regexp_matches()<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanabilirsiniz. Ancak, regular expressions&#8217;lar performans a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan daha maliyetli olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerin (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">substring()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">regexp_matches()<\/code>,  veya \u00f6zel fonksiyonlar) performans\u0131n\u0131 <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutu ile analiz edebilirsiniz.  B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri \u00fczerinde testler yaparak en uygun y\u00f6ntemi belirleyebilirsiniz.  Veri setinizin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yap\u0131s\u0131, performans\u0131 etkileyen en \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerden biridir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Edge Case&#8217;ler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Karakterlerin bulunmamas\u0131:<\/strong>  E\u011fer aranan karakterlerden biri metinde bulunmuyorsa, <code class=\"language-\">POSITION()<\/code> fonksiyonu 0 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecektir.  Bu durumu kontrol ederek hatalar\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilirsiniz.<br \/>\n* <strong>Karakterlerin s\u0131ras\u0131:<\/strong>  Aralar\u0131ndaki alt dizgiyi bulmak i\u00e7in karakterlerin s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fru olmas\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Birden fazla e\u015fle\u015fme:<\/strong> E\u011fer aranan karakterler birden fazla kez ge\u00e7iyorsa, <code class=\"language-\">POSITION()<\/code> fonksiyonu ilk e\u015fle\u015fmeyi d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecektir.  Bu durumda, <code class=\"language-\">regexp_matches()<\/code> fonksiyonu daha uygun olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de \u0130ki Karakter Aras\u0131ndaki Alt Dizgiyi \u00c7\u0131karma: Pratik Uygulamalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, farkl\u0131 senaryolar i\u00e7in pratik \u00f6rnekler verece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek 1: E-posta adresinden kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131klama:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kullan\u0131c\u0131 ad\u0131 <code class=\"language-\">@<\/code> sembol\u00fcnden \u00f6nce gelen k\u0131s\u0131md\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT substring(email FROM 1 FOR POSITION('@' IN email) - 1) AS username\nFROM users;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek 2: URL&#8217;den domain ad\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131klama:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Domain ad\u0131 <code class=\"language-\">\/\/<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">\/<\/code> karakterleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT substring(url FROM POSITION('\/\/' IN url) + 2 FOR POSITION('\/' IN substring(url FROM POSITION('\/\/' IN url) + 2)) -1) AS domain\nFROM websites;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek 3: Log dosyas\u0131ndan hata kodunu ay\u0131klama:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Hata kodu <code class=\"language-\">[HATA]<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">]<\/code> karakterleri aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT substring(log_entry FROM POSITION('[HATA]' IN log_entry) + 6 FOR POSITION(']' IN log_entry) - POSITION('[HATA]' IN log_entry) -6) AS hata_kodu\nFROM loglar;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Performans Optimizasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Veritaban\u0131 sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurun:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeks kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong>  S\u0131k\u00e7a sorgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fctunlara indeks ekleyerek sorgu s\u00fcresini k\u0131saltabilirsiniz.<br \/>\n* <strong>Fonksiyonel indeksler:<\/strong> Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular i\u00e7in fonksiyonel indeksler kullan\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <strong>WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 optimize edin:<\/strong> Gereksiz ko\u015fullar\u0131 kald\u0131rarak sorguyu h\u0131zland\u0131rabilirsiniz.<br \/>\n* <strong>Veri tiplerini do\u011fru se\u00e7in:<\/strong>  Uygun veri tiplerini kullanmak sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 etkiler.<br \/>\n* <strong>Sorgu planlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 analiz edin:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutu ile sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek iyile\u015ftirme alanlar\u0131n\u0131 belirleyebilirsiniz.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n PostgreSQL performans optimizasyonu \u00fczerine yaz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de iki karakter aras\u0131nda kalan alt dizgiyi \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler ve bunlar\u0131n performans optimizasyonu ele al\u0131nd\u0131.  Veri manip\u00fclasyonu i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 fonksiyonlar\u0131n avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 incelendi.  Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rnekleri ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m k\u0131lavuz ile konunun daha iyi anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131.  Uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz zorluklar ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerileri de sunuldu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">substring()<\/code> fonksiyonu yerine ba\u015fka hangi fonksiyonlar\u0131 kullanabilirim?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">regexp_matches()<\/code> fonksiyonu daha karma\u015f\u0131k desen e\u015fle\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n2. <strong>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in hangi y\u00f6ntem daha uygundur?<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in performans analizi yaparak en uygun y\u00f6ntemi belirlemek \u00f6nemlidir.  Genellikle, basit <code class=\"language-\">substring()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">position()<\/code> kombinasyonu daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olabilir.<br \/>\n3. <strong>Hata mesajlar\u0131 nas\u0131l ele al\u0131n\u0131r?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">POSITION()<\/code> fonksiyonunun d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011ferleri kontrol ederek hatalar\u0131 \u00f6nleyebilirsiniz.<br \/>\n4. <strong>Fonksiyonel indeksler ne zaman kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong> Fonksiyonel indeksler, s\u0131k\u00e7a kullan\u0131lan karma\u015f\u0131k fonksiyonlar \u00fczerinde performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flar.<br \/>\n5. <strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de metin i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in daha fazla bilgi nereden bulabilirim?<\/strong> PostgreSQL dok\u00fcmantasyonunu ve internetteki \u00e7e\u015fitli kaynaklar\u0131 inceleyebilirsiniz.  [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n web sitesi](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) de PostgreSQL ile ilgili bir\u00e7ok faydal\u0131 bilgi sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de \u0130ki Karakter Aras\u0131ndaki Alt Dizgiyi \u00c7\u0131karma PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda sakl\u0131 metin verilerinden belirli b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri ay\u0131klamak m\u0131 istiyorsunuz?&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27769","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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