{"id":27706,"date":"2025-08-17T21:17:42","date_gmt":"2025-08-17T18:17:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/"},"modified":"2025-08-17T21:17:42","modified_gmt":"2025-08-17T18:17:42","slug":"postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: How to Get the First Day of the Month (\u00c7eviri)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Ay\u0131n \u0130lk G\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc Nas\u0131l Buluruz?<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda tarih verileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemeniz gereken durumlarla s\u0131k s\u0131k kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ayl\u0131k raporlar olu\u015fturmak, d\u00f6nemsel analizler yapmak veya kullan\u0131c\u0131 aray\u00fczlerinde ayl\u0131k filtreleme sa\u011flamak gibi i\u015flemler i\u00e7in ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bilmeniz gerekir.  Bu makale, PostgreSQL kullanarak ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bulman\u0131n farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemlerini, performans optimizasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ve olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klayarak, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan uzmanlara kadar herkese rehberlik edecektir.  Farkl\u0131 karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k seviyelerindeki \u00f6rneklerle, PostgreSQL tarih fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 etkin bir \u015fekilde kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  Temel <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code> fonksiyonunun kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve basit bir \u00f6rnek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131, performans optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve farkl\u0131 tarih veri tipleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong> Performans analizi, edge case&#8217;ler ve karma\u015f\u0131k sorgu optimizasyonu.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. Temel Kavramlar: PostgreSQL Tarih Fonksiyonlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL, tarih ve zaman verileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc fonksiyonlar sunar.  Bu fonksiyonlar, tarihler \u00fczerinde \u00e7e\u015fitli i\u015flemler yapmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.  Ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bulmak i\u00e7in en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan fonksiyonlardan biri <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code>&#8216;t\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code> fonksiyonu, belirtilen bir tarih de\u011ferini, belirtilen zaman birimine g\u00f6re yuvarlar.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc('month', '2024-03-15')<\/code> ifadesi, 2024-03-15 tarihini ay birimine g\u00f6re yuvarlayarak 2024-03-01 tarihini d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. PostgreSQL&#8217;de Ay\u0131n \u0130lk G\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc Bulma: Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar \u0130\u00e7in Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m K\u0131lavuz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En basit y\u00f6ntem, <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanmakt\u0131r.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">tarih<\/code> s\u00fctununda tarih bilgisi tutan <code class=\"language-\">musteriler<\/code> tablosundaki her m\u00fc\u015fteri i\u00e7in ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    musteri_id,\n    tarih,\n    date_trunc('month', tarih) AS ayin_ilk_gunu\nFROM\n    musteriler;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc('month', tarih)<\/code> ifadesiyle her sat\u0131rdaki <code class=\"language-\">tarih<\/code> de\u011ferini ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcne yuvarlar ve <code class=\"language-\">ayin_ilk_gunu<\/code> s\u00fctununda sonucu g\u00f6sterir.  E\u011fer <code class=\"language-\">musteriler<\/code> tablonuzda <code class=\"language-\">tarih<\/code> s\u00fctunu yoksa, kendi tablonuzu olu\u015fturup \u00f6rnek veriler ekleyerek deneyebilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE TABLE musteriler (\n    musteri_id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,\n    tarih DATE\n);\n\nINSERT INTO musteriler (tarih) VALUES\n('2024-03-15'), ('2024-05-20'), ('2024-07-05');<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>3. Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryosu: Ayl\u0131k Sat\u0131\u015f Raporlamas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret \u015firketinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve her ay\u0131n sat\u0131\u015f rakamlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zetleyen bir rapor olu\u015fturman\u0131z gerekti\u011fini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.  <code class=\"language-\">satislar<\/code> tablonuzda <code class=\"language-\">satis_tarihi<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">satis_tutari<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131 bulunmaktad\u0131r.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, her ay\u0131n toplam sat\u0131\u015f tutar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    date_trunc('month', satis_tarihi) AS ay,\n    SUM(satis_tutari) AS toplam_satis\nFROM\n    satislar\nGROUP BY\n    ay\nORDER BY\n    ay;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanarak her sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n ait oldu\u011fu ay\u0131 belirler ve <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> deyimiyle aylara g\u00f6re toplam sat\u0131\u015f tutar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar.  Bu, ayl\u0131k sat\u0131\u015f performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilecek net bir rapor sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. Performans Optimizasyonu: \u0130ndeks Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in indeksler kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir.  <code class=\"language-\">satis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks eklemek, yukar\u0131daki sorguyu \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE INDEX idx_satis_tarihi ON satislar (satis_tarihi);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu indeks, veritaban\u0131n\u0131n <code class=\"language-\">satis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununa g\u00f6re verileri daha h\u0131zl\u0131 arama yapmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar, b\u00f6ylece sorgu y\u00fcr\u00fctme s\u00fcresi k\u0131sal\u0131r.  \u0130ndeks olu\u015fturman\u0131n performans \u00fczerindeki etkisini <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutuyla analiz edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. Farkl\u0131 Tarih Veri Tipleriyle \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma: Timestamp ve Timestamptz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code> fonksiyonu sadece <code class=\"language-\">DATE<\/code> veri tipiyle de\u011fil, <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMP<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMPTZ<\/code> veri tipleriyle de \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMP<\/code> veri tipi, zaman dilimi bilgisi i\u00e7ermezken, <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMPTZ<\/code> veri tipi zaman dilimi bilgisini i\u00e7erir.  Zaman dilimi fark\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir.  Bu nedenle, veri tipinizi dikkate alarak do\u011fru fonksiyonu kullanman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6. \u0130leri D\u00fczey Teknikler: Edge Case&#8217;ler ve Karma\u015f\u0131k Sorgu Optimizasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 durumlarda, <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code> fonksiyonu beklenmedik sonu\u00e7lar \u00fcretebilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerinde saklanan verilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken dikkatli olmak gerekir.  Bu gibi durumlarda, <code class=\"language-\">EXTRACT<\/code> fonksiyonu ile ay ve y\u0131l bilgilerini ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 \u00e7ekip, bunlar\u0131 kullanarak ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturmak daha g\u00fcvenilir bir y\u00f6ntem olabilir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    make_date(EXTRACT(YEAR FROM satis_tarihi), EXTRACT(MONTH FROM satis_tarihi), 1) AS ayin_ilk_gunu\nFROM\n    satislar;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntem, zaman dilimi sorunlar\u0131ndan etkilenmez ve daha tutarl\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar sa\u011flar.  Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgularda, sorgu planlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n verimli \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">WITH<\/code> deyimleri ve alt sorgular kullanarak sorguyu optimize edebilirsiniz.  [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n PostgreSQL performans optimizasyonu hakk\u0131ndaki yaz\u0131lar\u0131](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) bu konuda daha detayl\u0131 bilgi sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. Performans Analizi ve Optimizasyon Stratejileri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;in sundu\u011fu <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutu, sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmenize olanak tan\u0131r.  Bu komutu kullanarak, sorgunuzun hangi a\u015famalar\u0131nda zaman kaybetti\u011fini ve hangi indekslerin kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rebilirsiniz.  Bu bilgiler do\u011frultusunda, indeksleme stratejinizi iyile\u015ftirebilir ve sorguyu optimize edebilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tabloda <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> ko\u015fulu i\u00e7inde tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131 kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, tarih s\u00fctununa bir B-tree indeksi olu\u015fturmak performans\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.  Ayr\u0131ca, gereksiz indekslerden kurtulmak da performans\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bulmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler mevcuttur.  <code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code> fonksiyonu en basit ve yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan y\u00f6ntemdir, ancak daha karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolarda <code class=\"language-\">EXTRACT<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">MAKE_DATE<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmak daha uygun olabilir.  Performans\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in indeksleme stratejilerini ve sorgu optimizasyon tekniklerini kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir.  Veri tiplerini do\u011fru se\u00e7mek ve zaman dilimi farklar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate almak da do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar elde etmek i\u00e7in kritiktir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">date_trunc<\/code> fonksiyonu hangi veri tiplerini destekler?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">DATE<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMP<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMPTZ<\/code> veri tiplerini destekler.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>Ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc bulman\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l iyile\u015ftirebilirim?<\/strong>  Tarih s\u00fctununa indeks ekleyerek ve sorguyu optimize ederek performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>Farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerinde saklanan verilerle nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirim?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">TIMESTAMPTZ<\/code> veri tipi kullanarak ve zaman dilimi farklar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirsiniz.  Veya <code class=\"language-\">EXTRACT<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">MAKE_DATE<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak zaman diliminden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in hangi optimizasyon stratejilerini kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong>  \u0130ndeksleme, sorgu optimizasyonu, par\u00e7alama (partitioning) gibi teknikler kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>PostgreSQL tarih fonksiyonlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi nerede bulabilirim?<\/strong>  PostgreSQL resmi dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131 ve [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n blogunu](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Ay\u0131n \u0130lk G\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc Nas\u0131l Buluruz? PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda tarih verileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, ay\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fc belirlemeniz gereken durumlarla&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27706","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL: How to Get the First Day of the Month (\u00c7eviri)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL: How to Get the First Day of the Month (\u00c7eviri)\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-17T18:17:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"PostgreSQL: How to Get the First Day of the Month (\u00c7eviri)\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-17T18:17:42+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/\"},\"wordCount\":979,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"PostgreSQL\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/\",\"name\":\"PostgreSQL: How to Get the First Day of the Month (\u00c7eviri)\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-17T18:17:42+00:00\",\"description\":\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-how-to-get-the-first-day-of-the-month-ceviri\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"PostgreSQL: How to Get the First Day of the Month (\u00c7eviri)\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Fatihsoysal.com\",\"description\":\"Blog - 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