{"id":27679,"date":"2025-08-17T12:15:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-17T09:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-kayitlarin-en-yuksek-yuzde-nini-secme\/"},"modified":"2025-08-17T12:15:23","modified_gmt":"2025-08-17T09:15:23","slug":"postgresql-kayitlarin-en-yuksek-yuzde-nini-secme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-kayitlarin-en-yuksek-yuzde-nini-secme\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Kay\u0131tlar\u0131n En Y\u00fcksek Y\u00fczde N&#8217;ini Se\u00e7me"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de En \u0130yi %N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7mek: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m K\u0131lavuz<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda milyonlarca kay\u0131t var ve bunlar\u0131n sadece en iyi %10&#8217;unu, en \u00e7ok sat\u0131\u015f yapan %5&#8217;ini veya en aktif kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n %20&#8217;sini se\u00e7meniz gerekiyor.  Bu durumda, klasik <code class=\"language-\">LIMIT<\/code> komutu yetersiz kal\u0131r.  Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de \u00fcst %N kayd\u0131 nas\u0131l se\u00e7ebilece\u011finizi, performans optimizasyonunu nas\u0131l sa\u011flayabilece\u011finizi ve kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz zorluklar\u0131 nas\u0131l a\u015fabilece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong> Temel <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">NTILE()<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131 ile basit \u00f6rnekler.<br \/>\n* <strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131, <code class=\"language-\">PERCENT_RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonu ve optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong> Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular, performans analizi, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in stratejiler ve \u00f6zel durumlar (edge case&#8217;ler).<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Temel Kavramlar: S\u0131ralamalar ve Pencere Fonksiyonlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Veritaban\u0131n\u0131zdaki kay\u0131tlar\u0131n belli bir kritere g\u00f6re \u00fcst %N&#8217;ini se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle kay\u0131tlar\u0131 s\u0131ralamam\u0131z ve her kayda bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atayarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmam\u0131z gerekmektedir.  Bu noktada PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131ndan faydalanaca\u011f\u0131z.  En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan fonksiyonlar <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">NTILE()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">PERCENT_RANK()<\/code>&#8216;tir.<\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> her sat\u0131ra benzersiz bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atar.  <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> ise ayn\u0131 s\u0131rada yer alan sat\u0131rlara ayn\u0131 s\u0131ra numaras\u0131n\u0131 atar. <code class=\"language-\">NTILE(n)<\/code> ise verileri n e\u015fit par\u00e7aya b\u00f6lerek her par\u00e7aya bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atar. <code class=\"language-\">PERCENT_RANK()<\/code> ise her sat\u0131r\u0131n y\u00fczdelik dilimini hesaplar.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u00fcr\u00fcn sat\u0131\u015f tablonuz oldu\u011funu ve en \u00e7ok satan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin %20&#8217;sini se\u00e7mek istedi\u011finizi varsayal\u0131m.  \u00d6ncelikle \u00fcr\u00fcnleri sat\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralay\u0131p daha sonra <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">NTILE()<\/code> ile her \u00fcr\u00fcne bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atayaca\u011f\u0131z.  Sonras\u0131nda ise bu s\u0131ra numaras\u0131n\u0131 veya y\u00fczdelik dilimini kullanarak \u00fcst %20&#8217;yi filtreleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de \u00dcst %N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7me: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulama<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle basit bir \u00f6rnek ile ba\u015flayal\u0131m.  Bir <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> tablomuz olsun ve bu tabloda <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">satis_miktari<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131 bulunsun.  En \u00e7ok satan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin %25&#8217;ini se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT urun_adi, satis_miktari\nFROM (\n    SELECT urun_adi, satis_miktari, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY satis_miktari DESC) as rn, COUNT(*) OVER () as total_count\n    FROM urunler\n) as ranked_urunler\nWHERE rn &lt;= (total_count * 0.25)::BIGINT;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu \u00f6ncelikle \u00fcr\u00fcnleri sat\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re azalan s\u0131rada s\u0131ralar ve her \u00fcr\u00fcne bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 (<code class=\"language-\">rn<\/code>) atar. <code class=\"language-\">total_count<\/code> ise toplam kay\u0131t say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar.  Sonras\u0131nda ise s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 toplam kay\u0131t say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n %25&#8217;inden k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veya e\u015fit olan kay\u0131tlar\u0131 se\u00e7er. <code class=\"language-\">::BIGINT<\/code> d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc, olas\u0131 ondal\u0131k sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 tam say\u0131ya \u00e7evirir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir senaryo ele alal\u0131m. Bir e-ticaret sitesinin m\u00fc\u015fteri sipari\u015flerini i\u00e7eren bir tablosu olsun.  Bu tabloda <code class=\"language-\">musteri_id<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tutari<\/code> gibi s\u00fctunlar bulunmaktad\u0131r.  Son 6 ayda en y\u00fcksek sipari\u015f tutar\u0131na sahip m\u00fc\u015fterilerin %10&#8217;unu bulmak isteyelim.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT musteri_id, SUM(siparis_tutari) as toplam_siparis_tutari\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_tarihi &gt;= NOW() - INTERVAL '6 months'\nGROUP BY musteri_id\nORDER BY toplam_siparis_tutari DESC\nLIMIT (SELECT COUNT(*) * 0.1 FROM (SELECT musteri_id, SUM(siparis_tutari) as toplam_siparis_tutari FROM siparisler WHERE siparis_tarihi &gt;= NOW() - INTERVAL '6 months' GROUP BY musteri_id) as subquery);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu \u00f6ncelikle son 6 ayl\u0131k sipari\u015fleri toplar, m\u00fc\u015fterileri toplam sipari\u015f tutar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralar ve daha sonra alt sorgu ile toplam kay\u0131t say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n %10&#8217;unu hesaplayarak <code class=\"language-\">LIMIT<\/code> ile \u00fcst %10&#8217;u se\u00e7er.  Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m daha okunabilir ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in performans optimizasyonu \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.  \u0130ndeksler, materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler ve do\u011fru pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n se\u00e7imi performans\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkiler.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">NTILE()<\/code> fonksiyonu b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in daha verimli olabilir.  Ayr\u0131ca, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek ve gereksiz hesaplamalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in sorgular\u0131 dikkatlice inceleyin.  Performans analizi i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.  [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n blogu](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com)  PostgreSQL performans optimizasyonu konusunda daha fazla bilgi sunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Optimizasyonu \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksleme:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan s\u00fctunlar i\u00e7in uygun indeksler olu\u015fturun.<br \/>\n* <strong>Materyalize G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler:<\/strong> S\u0131k kullan\u0131lan alt sorgular\u0131 materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler olarak saklay\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <strong>Pencere Fonksiyonu Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">NTILE()<\/code> fonksiyonunu tercih edin.<br \/>\n* <strong>Par\u00e7alama (Partitioning):<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar\u0131 mant\u0131ksal olarak par\u00e7alara ay\u0131r\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <strong><code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> Kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> Sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz edin ve iyile\u015ftirmeler yap\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryolar\u0131 ve Vaka Analizleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>E-ticaret:<\/strong> En \u00e7ok satan \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin %10&#8217;unu belirlemek.<br \/>\n* <strong>Finans:<\/strong> En y\u00fcksek getiri sa\u011flayan portf\u00f6ylerin %5&#8217;ini se\u00e7mek.<br \/>\n* <strong>Sosyal Medya:<\/strong> En aktif kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n %20&#8217;sini belirlemek.<br \/>\n* <strong>Sa\u011fl\u0131k:<\/strong> En y\u00fcksek riskli hastalar\u0131n %15&#8217;ini tespit etmek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de \u00fcst %N kayd\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler mevcuttur.  Se\u00e7ti\u011finiz y\u00f6ntem veri k\u00fcmesinin b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, performans gereksinimleri ve sorgu karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015febilir.  Bu makalede ele al\u0131nan y\u00f6ntemler ve ipu\u00e7lar\u0131, PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda \u00fcst %N kayd\u0131 se\u00e7erken kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz zorluklar\u0131 a\u015fman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> her sat\u0131ra benzersiz bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atarken, <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> ayn\u0131 s\u0131rada yer alan sat\u0131rlara ayn\u0131 s\u0131ra numaras\u0131n\u0131 atar.<br \/>\n2. <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in en uygun y\u00f6ntem hangisidir?<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">NTILE()<\/code> ve uygun indeksleme ile materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<br \/>\n3. <strong>Performans sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l tespit edebilirim?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutunu kullanarak sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz edebilirsiniz.<br \/>\n4. <strong><code class=\"language-\">PERCENT_RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonu nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">PERCENT_RANK()<\/code> her sat\u0131r\u0131n y\u00fczdelik dilimini hesaplar ve \u00fcst %N&#8217;i belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n5. <strong>Par\u00e7alama (Partitioning) nas\u0131l yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur?<\/strong> Par\u00e7alama, b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar\u0131 mant\u0131ksal olarak par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rarak sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de En \u0130yi %N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7mek: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m K\u0131lavuz PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda milyonlarca kay\u0131t var ve bunlar\u0131n sadece&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27679","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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