{"id":27670,"date":"2025-08-17T09:15:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-17T06:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/"},"modified":"2025-08-17T09:15:23","modified_gmt":"2025-08-17T06:15:23","slug":"postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Gruplara G\u00f6re En \u0130yi N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7me"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Grup Ba\u015f\u0131na En \u0130yi N Kay\u0131t Nas\u0131l Se\u00e7ilir?<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda, her grup i\u00e7in en iyi N kayd\u0131 nas\u0131l se\u00e7ersiniz?  \u00d6rne\u011fin, her m\u00fc\u015fteri i\u00e7in en y\u00fcksek sat\u0131\u015f de\u011ferine sahip N sipari\u015fi veya her \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in en son N yorumu nas\u0131l listeleyebilirsiniz? Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de grup ba\u015f\u0131na en iyi N kayd\u0131 se\u00e7me konusunda ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir rehber sunacak, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rnekleri ve performans optimizasyon teknikleriyle zenginle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir \u00f6\u011frenme yol haritas\u0131 sunacakt\u0131r.  Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesinden ileri seviyeye kadar, PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fcc\u00fcnden faydalanarak verilerinizi etkili bir \u015fekilde sorgulamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Temel Kavramlar: Pencere Fonksiyonlar\u0131 ve S\u0131ralamalar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de grup ba\u015f\u0131na en iyi N kayd\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 ve <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> ile <code class=\"language-\">LIMIT<\/code> ifadelerini birlikte kullan\u0131r\u0131z. Pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131, bir veri k\u00fcmesinin alt k\u00fcmeleri \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar; bu alt k\u00fcmeler &#8220;pencereler&#8221; olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> fonksiyonu, her sat\u0131ra s\u0131ral\u0131 bir numara atar ve bu sayede en iyi N kayd\u0131 kolayca se\u00e7ebiliriz. <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> gibi di\u011fer pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131 da farkl\u0131 s\u0131ralama senaryolar\u0131 i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir. Bu fonksiyonlar, <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> ifadesiyle grupland\u0131rma i\u015flemini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar \u0130\u00e7in Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m K\u0131lavuz: Basit \u00d6rnek<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle basit bir \u00f6rnek ile ba\u015flayal\u0131m.  <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> adl\u0131 bir tablomuz olsun ve bu tabloda <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">fiyat<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">kategori<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131 bulunsun.  Her kategoride en pahal\u0131 iki \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc se\u00e7mek istiyoruz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT urun_adi, fiyat, kategori\nFROM (\n    SELECT urun_adi, fiyat, kategori,\n           ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY kategori ORDER BY fiyat DESC) as s\u0131ra\n    FROM urunler\n) as ranked_urunler\nWHERE s\u0131ra &lt;= 2;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu \u00f6ncelikle alt sorgu ile her kategori i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcnleri fiyatlar\u0131na g\u00f6re azalan s\u0131rada s\u0131ralar ve <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> fonksiyonu ile her \u00fcr\u00fcne bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atar.  D\u0131\u015f sorgu ise sadece s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 2 veya daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri se\u00e7er, b\u00f6ylece her kategoride en pahal\u0131 iki \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc elde ederiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye: Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya \u00d6rne\u011fi ve Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir senaryo ele alal\u0131m.  <code class=\"language-\">siparisler<\/code> adl\u0131 bir tablomuz olsun ve bu tabloda <code class=\"language-\">musteri_id<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">toplam_tutar<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131 bulunsun. Her m\u00fc\u015fteri i\u00e7in son \u00fc\u00e7 sipari\u015f tarihini bulmak istiyoruz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT musteri_id, siparis_tarihi, toplam_tutar\nFROM (\n    SELECT musteri_id, siparis_tarihi, toplam_tutar,\n           ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY musteri_id ORDER BY siparis_tarihi DESC) as s\u0131ra\n    FROM siparisler\n) as ranked_siparisler\nWHERE s\u0131ra &lt;= 3;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, \u00f6nceki \u00f6rne\u011fe benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r, ancak <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> kriteri <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.  <strong>Optimizasyon<\/strong> i\u00e7in, <code class=\"language-\">siparisler<\/code> tablosunda <code class=\"language-\">musteri_id<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131na indeks eklemek performans\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131racakt\u0131r.  Bu, PostgreSQL&#8217;in verileri daha h\u0131zl\u0131 filtrelemesini sa\u011flar.  \u0130ndeksleme konusunda daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri D\u00fczey: Performans Analizi ve Edge Case&#8217;ler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, performans kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.  Yukar\u0131daki sorgular\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.  Bu komut, sorgunun y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclme plan\u0131n\u0131 ve her ad\u0131m\u0131n ne kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc g\u00f6sterir.  Performans\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki teknikleri deneyebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksleme:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> kriterlerinde kullan\u0131lan s\u00fctunlara indeks ekleyin.<br \/>\n* <strong>Materyalize G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler:<\/strong>  S\u0131k kullan\u0131lan sorgular i\u00e7in materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler olu\u015fturun.  Bu, \u00f6nceden hesaplanm\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 saklayarak sorgu s\u00fcresini k\u0131salt\u0131r.<br \/>\n* <strong>Par\u00e7alama:<\/strong>  \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar\u0131 daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara b\u00f6lerek sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Edge Case&#8217;ler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>E\u015fit S\u0131ralamalar:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> her sat\u0131ra benzersiz bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atar.  E\u011fer birden fazla sat\u0131r ayn\u0131 s\u0131raya sahipse, <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz. <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> ayn\u0131 s\u0131radaki sat\u0131rlara ayn\u0131 s\u0131ra numaras\u0131n\u0131 atarken, <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code>  s\u0131ra numaralar\u0131nda bo\u015fluk b\u0131rakmaz.<br \/>\n* <strong>Bo\u015f Gruplar:<\/strong>  Baz\u0131 gruplar\u0131n N&#8217;den az kayd\u0131 olabilir.  Bu durumda, t\u00fcm kay\u0131tlar se\u00e7ilecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nas\u0131l Daha Karma\u015f\u0131k Ko\u015fullar Eklenir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekler basit ko\u015fullar i\u00e7erir. Ancak, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> c\u00fcmlesine ek ko\u015fullar ekleyerek daha karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular olu\u015fturabilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, sadece belirli bir tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki sipari\u015fleri i\u00e7eren bir sorgu yazabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT musteri_id, siparis_tarihi, toplam_tutar\nFROM (\n    SELECT musteri_id, siparis_tarihi, toplam_tutar,\n           ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY musteri_id ORDER BY siparis_tarihi DESC) as s\u0131ra\n    FROM siparisler\n    WHERE siparis_tarihi BETWEEN '2023-01-01' AND '2023-12-31'\n) as ranked_siparisler\nWHERE s\u0131ra &lt;= 3;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu, belirtilen tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda her m\u00fc\u015fteri i\u00e7in son \u00fc\u00e7 sipari\u015fi se\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Grup Ba\u015f\u0131na Top N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7mek \u0130\u00e7in Alternatif Y\u00f6ntemler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131 en yayg\u0131n ve genellikle en verimli y\u00f6ntem olsa da, grup ba\u015f\u0131na en iyi N kayd\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in ba\u015fka y\u00f6ntemler de mevcuttur.  Bunlardan biri, alt sorgular kullanarak her grup i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 <code class=\"language-\">LIMIT<\/code> uygulamak olabilir. Ancak, bu y\u00f6ntem b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131ndan daha yava\u015f olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de grup ba\u015f\u0131na en iyi N kayd\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli teknikleri ele ald\u0131.  Basit \u00f6rneklerden karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolara kadar, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir yakla\u015f\u0131m izleyerek, hem yeni ba\u015flayanlar\u0131n hem de deneyimli kullan\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131n bu konuda uzmanla\u015fmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmay\u0131 ama\u00e7lad\u0131k.  Performans optimizasyonu ve edge case&#8217;ler \u00fczerinde durarak, verilerinizden en iyi \u015fekilde faydalanman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131k.  Unutmay\u0131n, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n yap\u0131s\u0131 ve veri miktar\u0131na g\u00f6re en uygun y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7mek \u00f6nemlidir.  Sorular\u0131n\u0131z ve yorumlar\u0131n\u0131z i\u00e7in [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> her sat\u0131ra benzersiz bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atar. <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> ayn\u0131 s\u0131radaki sat\u0131rlara ayn\u0131 s\u0131ra numaras\u0131n\u0131 atar. <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> ise ayn\u0131 s\u0131radaki sat\u0131rlara ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k s\u0131ra numaralar\u0131 atar, bo\u015fluk b\u0131rakmaz.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in performans\u0131 nas\u0131l iyile\u015ftirebilirim?<\/strong> \u0130ndeksleme, materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler ve par\u00e7alama tekniklerini kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong><code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> ifadesi ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> ifadesi, pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi veri alt k\u00fcmeleri \u00fczerinde i\u015flem yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.  Her grup i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131ralama yapmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong><code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> ifadesi neden \u00f6nemlidir?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> ifadesi, pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n hangi kritere g\u00f6re s\u0131ralama yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirler.  En iyi N kayd\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in do\u011fru s\u0131ralama kriterini se\u00e7mek \u015fartt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>Alternatif y\u00f6ntemler var m\u0131?<\/strong>  Evet, alt sorgular kullanarak her grup i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 <code class=\"language-\">LIMIT<\/code> uygulamak da m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131 genellikle daha verimlidir.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Grup Ba\u015f\u0131na En \u0130yi N Kay\u0131t Nas\u0131l Se\u00e7ilir? PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda, her grup i\u00e7in en iyi N&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27670","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL: Gruplara G\u00f6re En \u0130yi N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7me<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL: Gruplara G\u00f6re En \u0130yi N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7me\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-17T06:15:23+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"PostgreSQL: Gruplara G\u00f6re En \u0130yi N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7me\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-17T06:15:23+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/\"},\"wordCount\":1027,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"PostgreSQL\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/\",\"name\":\"PostgreSQL: Gruplara G\u00f6re En \u0130yi N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7me\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-17T06:15:23+00:00\",\"description\":\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-en-iyi-n-kaydi-secme\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"PostgreSQL: Gruplara G\u00f6re En \u0130yi N Kayd\u0131 Se\u00e7me\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Fatihsoysal.com\",\"description\":\"Blog - 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