{"id":27577,"date":"2025-08-16T00:15:24","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T21:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-dogru-ve-yanlis-degerleri-sayma\/"},"modified":"2025-08-16T00:15:24","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T21:15:24","slug":"postgresql-dogru-ve-yanlis-degerleri-sayma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-dogru-ve-yanlis-degerleri-sayma\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Do\u011fru ve Yanl\u0131\u015f De\u011ferleri Sayma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Do\u011fru ve Yanl\u0131\u015f De\u011ferlerini Saymak<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda do\u011fru (TRUE) ve yanl\u0131\u015f (FALSE) de\u011ferleri i\u00e7eren Boolean s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131z var ve bu de\u011ferlerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmeniz gerekiyor mu?  Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de Boolean de\u011ferlerin say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar herkes i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131klayacak. Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131 ve performans optimizasyonu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131yla dolu bu rehber, PostgreSQL yeteneklerinizi bir \u00fcst seviyeye ta\u015f\u0131man\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  Basit SELECT sorgular\u0131 ile Boolean de\u011ferlerin say\u0131m\u0131.<br \/>\n* <strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong>  Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular, GROUP BY kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong>  Performans analizi, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in optimizasyon teknikleri ve edge case&#8217;ler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Boolean De\u011ferler: Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL, Boolean veri tipini <code class=\"language-\">boolean<\/code> olarak tan\u0131mlar. Bu veri tipi sadece iki de\u011fer alabilir: <code class=\"language-\">TRUE<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">FALSE<\/code>.  Bir s\u00fctun <code class=\"language-\">boolean<\/code> olarak tan\u0131mland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, bu s\u00fctundaki her sat\u0131r ya <code class=\"language-\">TRUE<\/code> ya da <code class=\"language-\">FALSE<\/code> de\u011ferini i\u00e7erir.  Bu de\u011ferler, ko\u015fullu ifadelerde, filtrelemede ve verileri \u00f6zetlemede kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir m\u00fc\u015fterinin e-b\u00fclten aboneli\u011fi durumunu (<code class=\"language-\">abone_mi<\/code> s\u00fctunu)  <code class=\"language-\">boolean<\/code> veri tipiyle saklayabilirsiniz. <code class=\"language-\">TRUE<\/code> abone oldu\u011fu, <code class=\"language-\">FALSE<\/code> ise abone olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Do\u011fru ve Yanl\u0131\u015f De\u011ferlerini Nas\u0131l Sayabilirim? (Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar \u0130\u00e7in)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En basit yakla\u015f\u0131m, <code class=\"language-\">COUNT<\/code> fonksiyonunu <code class=\"language-\">CASE<\/code> ifadesiyle birlikte kullanmakt\u0131r.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">musteriler<\/code> tablosundaki <code class=\"language-\">abone_mi<\/code> s\u00fctununda ka\u00e7 tane <code class=\"language-\">TRUE<\/code> ve ka\u00e7 tane <code class=\"language-\">FALSE<\/code> de\u011ferinin oldu\u011funu sayar:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    COUNT(CASE WHEN abone_mi THEN 1 END) AS abone_sayisi,\n    COUNT(CASE WHEN NOT abone_mi THEN 1 END) AS abone_degil_sayisi\nFROM\n    musteriler;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">abone_mi<\/code> s\u00fctunu <code class=\"language-\">TRUE<\/code> ise 1, de\u011filse NULL d\u00f6nd\u00fcren bir <code class=\"language-\">CASE<\/code> ifadesi kullan\u0131r. <code class=\"language-\">COUNT<\/code> fonksiyonu NULL de\u011ferleri saymaz, bu nedenle sadece <code class=\"language-\">TRUE<\/code> de\u011ferlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 elde ederiz.  <code class=\"language-\">NOT abone_mi<\/code> ifadesi ise <code class=\"language-\">FALSE<\/code> de\u011ferlerini saymam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">musteriler<\/code> tablosunda 100 kay\u0131t oldu\u011funu ve bunlardan 70&#8217;inin <code class=\"language-\">abone_mi<\/code> s\u00fctununda <code class=\"language-\">TRUE<\/code> de\u011ferine sahip oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Sorgu sonucu a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-\"><code>abone_sayisi | abone_degil_sayisi\n--------------+---------------------\n           70 |                  30<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Daha Karma\u015f\u0131k Sorgular: GROUP BY Kullan\u0131m\u0131 (Orta Seviye)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>E\u011fer verilerinizi farkl\u0131 gruplara g\u00f6re ay\u0131r\u0131p her grup i\u00e7in do\u011fru ve yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlerinin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyorsan\u0131z <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> kullanman\u0131z gerekir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, m\u00fc\u015fterileri \u015fehirlerine g\u00f6re gruplay\u0131p her \u015fehirdeki abone ve abone olmayan m\u00fc\u015fteri say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bulal\u0131m:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    sehir,\n    COUNT(CASE WHEN abone_mi THEN 1 END) AS abone_sayisi,\n    COUNT(CASE WHEN NOT abone_mi THEN 1 END) AS abone_degil_sayisi\nFROM\n    musteriler\nGROUP BY\n    sehir;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, her \u015fehir i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 abone ve abone olmayan m\u00fc\u015fteri say\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 listeler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryosu: E-Ticaret Sitesi Analizi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn yorumlar\u0131n\u0131 ele alal\u0131m. Her yorumun &#8220;faydal\u0131 m\u0131?&#8221; (<code class=\"language-\">faydali_mi<\/code>) ad\u0131nda bir Boolean s\u00fctunu olsun.  Bu s\u00fctunu kullanarak, hangi \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorisinde ka\u00e7 faydal\u0131 ve faydal\u0131 olmayan yorum oldu\u011funu bulabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    kategori,\n    COUNT(CASE WHEN faydali_mi THEN 1 END) AS faydali_yorum_sayisi,\n    COUNT(CASE WHEN NOT faydali_mi THEN 1 END) AS faydali_degil_yorum_sayisi\nFROM\n    yorumlar\nGROUP BY\n    kategori\nORDER BY\n    kategori;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, pazarlama ekibinin hangi kategorilerde daha fazla faydal\u0131 yoruma ihtiya\u00e7 duyuldu\u011funu belirlemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Optimizasyonu \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131 (Orta Seviye)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etmek \u00f6nemlidir.  \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 ipu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksler:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">abone_mi<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">faydali_mi<\/code> gibi Boolean s\u00fctunlar\u0131na indeks eklemek, sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131:<\/strong> Gereksiz verileri filtrelemek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> ko\u015fullar\u0131 kullan\u0131n. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sadece belirli bir tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131ndaki yorumlar\u0131 analiz etmek istiyorsan\u0131z, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> ko\u015fulu ekleyin.<br \/>\n* <strong>Fonksiyonel indeksler:<\/strong> Karma\u015f\u0131k <code class=\"language-\">CASE<\/code> ifadeleri kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, fonksiyonel indeksler kullanmay\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye Teknikler: B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri K\u00fcmeleri ve Edge Case&#8217;ler (\u0130leri Seviye)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in, yukar\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemler yava\u015f olabilir.  Bu durumlarda, daha verimli y\u00f6ntemler kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">FILTER<\/code> kullanarak <code class=\"language-\">COUNT<\/code> fonksiyonunu optimize edebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE abone_mi) AS abone_sayisi,\n    COUNT(*) FILTER (WHERE NOT abone_mi) AS abone_degil_sayisi\nFROM\n    musteriler;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntem, \u00f6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in daha performansl\u0131 olabilir.  Ayr\u0131ca, NULL de\u011ferleri ele alman\u0131z gerekebilir.  <code class=\"language-\">COUNT<\/code> fonksiyonu NULL de\u011ferleri saymaz. E\u011fer <code class=\"language-\">abone_mi<\/code> s\u00fctununda NULL de\u011ferler varsa ve bunlar\u0131 da saymak istiyorsan\u0131z, <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    COUNT(CASE WHEN COALESCE(abone_mi, FALSE) THEN 1 END) AS abone_sayisi,\n    COUNT(CASE WHEN NOT COALESCE(abone_mi, FALSE) THEN 1 END) AS abone_degil_sayisi\nFROM\n    musteriler;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu, NULL de\u011ferleri <code class=\"language-\">FALSE<\/code> olarak ele al\u0131r ve toplam say\u0131ya dahil eder.  <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE<\/code> fonksiyonu, ilk NULL olmayan de\u011feri d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi ve Optimizasyonu (\u0130leri Seviye)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;in sundu\u011fu <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutu ile sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek performans darbo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilirsiniz.  <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek, indeks ekleme, sorguyu yeniden yazma veya di\u011fer optimizasyon tekniklerini uygulayabilirsiniz.  Daha detayl\u0131 performans analizi i\u00e7in, PostgreSQL&#8217;in  performans izleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.  Bu ara\u00e7lar, sorgu y\u00fcr\u00fctme s\u00fcrelerini, disk I\/O&#8217;lar\u0131n\u0131 ve di\u011fer metrikleri izleyerek performans sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.  [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n PostgreSQL performans optimizasyonu \u00fczerine yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalelere](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de Boolean de\u011ferlerin say\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.  Yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar herkesin anlayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde, basit \u00f6rneklerden karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolara ve performans optimizasyonuna kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede konuyu ele ald\u0131k.  Unutmay\u0131n ki, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yap\u0131s\u0131, en uygun y\u00f6ntemin se\u00e7iminde \u00f6nemli bir rol oynar.  Her zaman sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 izleyin ve gerekirse optimizasyon tekniklerini uygulay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>Boolean de\u011ferleri sayman\u0131n ba\u015fka yollar\u0131 var m\u0131?<\/strong>  Evet,  <code class=\"language-\">SUM(CASE WHEN abone_mi THEN 1 ELSE 0 END)<\/code> gibi alternatif y\u00f6ntemler de kullan\u0131labilir.  Ancak, <code class=\"language-\">COUNT<\/code> fonksiyonu genellikle daha performansl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>NULL de\u011ferleri nas\u0131l ele almal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong>  NULL de\u011ferleri saymak istiyorsan\u0131z <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullan\u0131n.  Saymamak istiyorsan\u0131z, <code class=\"language-\">COUNT<\/code> fonksiyonunun NULL de\u011ferleri saymad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in performans nas\u0131l optimize edilebilir?<\/strong>  \u0130ndeksler, <code class=\"language-\">FILTER<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve sorgu optimizasyonu teknikleri kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>GROUP BY kullan\u0131m\u0131 zorunlu mu?<\/strong>  Hay\u0131r, sadece tek bir toplam say\u0131ya ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> kullanman\u0131za gerek yoktur.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;in performans izleme ara\u00e7lar\u0131 nelerdir?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">pg_stat_statements<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">auto_explain<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7lar ve PostgreSQL&#8217;in log dosyalar\u0131 kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Do\u011fru ve Yanl\u0131\u015f De\u011ferlerini Saymak PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda do\u011fru (TRUE) ve yanl\u0131\u015f (FALSE) de\u011ferleri i\u00e7eren Boolean s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131z&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27577","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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