{"id":27531,"date":"2025-08-15T03:10:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-15T00:10:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-belirli-degere-sahip-sutuna-gore-satirlari-yazdirma\/"},"modified":"2025-08-15T03:10:23","modified_gmt":"2025-08-15T00:10:23","slug":"awk-ile-belirli-degere-sahip-sutuna-gore-satirlari-yazdirma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/awk-ile-belirli-degere-sahip-sutuna-gore-satirlari-yazdirma\/","title":{"rendered":"awk ile Belirli De\u011fere Sahip S\u00fctuna G\u00f6re Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Yazd\u0131rma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># awk ile Belirli S\u00fctun De\u011ferine Sahip Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Yazd\u0131rma<\/p>\n<p>Veri i\u015flemede, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri dosyalar\u0131ndan belirli kriterlere uyan sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ay\u0131klamak s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir ihtiya\u00e7t\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code> komutu, bu g\u00f6revi olduk\u00e7a etkili bir \u015fekilde yerine getiren g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu makalede, <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code> kullanarak bir s\u00fctunun de\u011ferine g\u00f6re sat\u0131rlar\u0131 yazd\u0131rmay\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesinden uzman seviyesine kadar ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frenece\u011fiz.  Veri analizi ve i\u015flemede zaman kazand\u0131racak pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131 ile desteklenmi\u015f \u00f6rnekler sunaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makale, <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code> ile s\u00fctun de\u011ferine g\u00f6re sat\u0131r yazd\u0131rmay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famada ele alacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong> Temel <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code> s\u00f6zdizimi ve basit \u00f6rnekler ile ba\u015flayaca\u011f\u0131z.<br \/>\n* <strong>Orta:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek hayat senaryolar\u0131 ve optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile devam edece\u011fiz.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u0130leri D\u00fczey:<\/strong> Performans analizi, karma\u015f\u0131k durumlar ve hata y\u00f6netimi konular\u0131n\u0131 inceleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>1. awk Temelleri: \u0130lk Ad\u0131mlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code> komutu, her sat\u0131r\u0131 belirli bir kurala g\u00f6re i\u015fleyen bir metin i\u015fleme arac\u0131d\u0131r.  Bir dosyadaki her sat\u0131r, <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code> taraf\u0131ndan alanlara (s\u00fctunlara) ayr\u0131l\u0131r. Varsay\u0131lan ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 bo\u015fluktur, ancak <code class=\"language-\">-F<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir.  <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code> komutunun temel yap\u0131s\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir:<\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">awk '{komutlar}' dosya_adi<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">data.txt<\/code> adl\u0131 bir dosyam\u0131z olsun:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-\"><code>Ad Soyad Ya\u015f \u015eehir\nAhmet Y\u0131lmaz 30 Ankara\nAy\u015fe Kaya 25 \u0130stanbul\nMehmet \u00d6z 40 \u0130zmir<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu dosyadan sadece &#8220;Ya\u015f&#8221; s\u00fctununu yazd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u015fu komutu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>awk '{print $3}' data.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, her sat\u0131rdaki 3. s\u00fctunu (Ya\u015f) ekrana yazd\u0131racakt\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">$1<\/code>, ilk s\u00fctun, <code class=\"language-\">$2<\/code> ikinci s\u00fctun ve benzeri \u015fekilde devam eder.  <code class=\"language-\">print<\/code> komutu, <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code> i\u00e7indeki temel yazd\u0131rma i\u015flemidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. S\u00fctun De\u011ferine G\u00f6re Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7me: Ko\u015fullu Yazd\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi as\u0131l konumuza gelelim:  belirli bir s\u00fctunun de\u011ferine g\u00f6re sat\u0131rlar\u0131 filtrelemek.  Bunun i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;\u0131n ko\u015fullu ifadelerini kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.  <code class=\"language-\">if<\/code> ifadesi ile bir ko\u015ful belirleyip, bu ko\u015fulu sa\u011flayan sat\u0131rlar i\u00e7in komutlar\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">data.txt<\/code> dosyas\u0131ndan sadece ya\u015f\u0131 30&#8217;dan b\u00fcy\u00fck olan ki\u015filerin bilgilerini yazd\u0131rmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>awk '$3 &gt; 30 {print $0}' data.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Burada <code class=\"language-\">$3 > 30<\/code> ko\u015fulu, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00fctunun (Ya\u015f) 30&#8217;dan b\u00fcy\u00fck olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.  Ko\u015ful do\u011fruysa, <code class=\"language-\">print $0<\/code> komutu t\u00fcm sat\u0131r\u0131 (<code class=\"language-\">$0<\/code>) yazd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3.  Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya \u00d6rne\u011fi: Web Sunucu Log Dosyas\u0131 Analizi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir web sunucusunun log dosyas\u0131n\u0131 ele alal\u0131m.  Bu dosya, her istek i\u00e7in tarih, saat, IP adresi, istek edilen URL ve di\u011fer bilgileri i\u00e7erir.  Diyelim ki, belirli bir IP adresinden gelen istekleri filtrelemek istiyoruz.  Log dosyas\u0131n\u0131n her sat\u0131r\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekilde olsun:<\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">192.168.1.100 - - [20\/Oct\/2023:10:00:00 +0300] \"GET \/index.html HTTP\/1.1\" 200 1234<\/code><\/p>\n<p>192.168.1.100 IP adresinden gelen istekleri bulmak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>awk -F ' ' '$1 == &quot;192.168.1.100&quot; {print $0}' access_log.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Burada <code class=\"language-\">-F ' '<\/code> ile alan ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 bo\u015fluk olarak belirledik.  <code class=\"language-\">$1 == \"192.168.1.100\"<\/code> ko\u015fulu, ilk s\u00fctunun (IP adresi) 192.168.1.100&#8217;e e\u015fit olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4.  Performans Optimizasyonu: B\u00fcy\u00fck Dosyalar \u0130\u00e7in \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck log dosyalar\u0131nda i\u015flem s\u00fcresini optimize etmek \u00f6nemlidir.  <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u015fu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Gerekli S\u00fctunlar\u0131 Se\u00e7mek:<\/strong> T\u00fcm sat\u0131r\u0131 (<code class=\"language-\">$0<\/code>) de\u011fil, sadece gerekli s\u00fctunlar\u0131 yazd\u0131rmak i\u015flem s\u00fcresini k\u0131salt\u0131r.<br \/>\n* <strong><code class=\"language-\">gawk<\/code> kullanmak:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">gawk<\/code> (GNU awk), baz\u0131 durumlarda daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir.<br \/>\n* <strong><code class=\"language-\">-v<\/code> se\u00e7ene\u011fi ile de\u011fi\u015fken tan\u0131mlamak:<\/strong>  De\u011fi\u015fkenleri \u00f6nceden tan\u0131mlamak, tekrarlayan hesaplamalar\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<br \/>\n* <strong><code class=\"language-\">getline<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131:<\/strong> \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalar i\u00e7in sat\u0131r sat\u0131r okuyarak i\u015flem yap\u0131lmas\u0131 performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Bu ileri d\u00fczey bir tekniktir ve dikkatli kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5.  \u0130leri D\u00fczey Teknikler: Karma\u015f\u0131k Ko\u015fullar ve Desen E\u015fle\u015ftirme<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;\u0131n g\u00fcc\u00fc, sadece basit kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma i\u015flemlerini de\u011fil, karma\u015f\u0131k ko\u015fullar ve desen e\u015fle\u015ftirmelerini de desteklemesinden gelir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir URL&#8217;nin belirli bir kelimeyi i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini kontrol edebiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>awk -F ' ' '$7 ~ \/index\/ {print $0}' access_log.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Burada <code class=\"language-\">$7 ~ \/index\/<\/code>, yedinci s\u00fctunun (URL) &#8220;index&#8221; kelimesini i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini kontrol eder.  <code class=\"language-\">~<\/code> sembol\u00fc, d\u00fczenli ifade e\u015fle\u015ftirme operat\u00f6r\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>6.  Hata Y\u00f6netimi ve Edge Case&#8217;ler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya verileri her zaman m\u00fckemmel olmaz.  Eksik veriler, beklenmedik formatlar gibi durumlarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabiliriz.  Bu durumlar i\u00e7in hata y\u00f6netimi stratejileri geli\u015ftirmeliyiz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir s\u00fctunun bo\u015f olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol ederek i\u015flemi durdurabilir veya varsay\u0131lan bir de\u011fer atayabiliriz.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>awk -F ',' '{if ($3 != &quot;&quot;) {print $3} else {print &quot;Eksik veri&quot;}}' data.csv<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnekte, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u00fctun bo\u015fsa &#8220;Eksik veri&#8221; yazd\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>7. Vaka Analizi:  \u00dcr\u00fcn Sat\u0131\u015f Verilerinin Analizi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinin sat\u0131\u015f verilerini i\u00e7eren bir CSV dosyam\u0131z olsun.  Bu dosyada \u00fcr\u00fcn ad\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 ve sat\u0131\u015f adedi gibi bilgiler bulunmaktad\u0131r.  Diyelim ki, sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 100 TL&#8217;den fazla olan \u00fcr\u00fcnleri bulmak istiyoruz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-bash\"><code>awk -F ',' '$2 &gt; 100 {print $1, $2, $3}' sales.csv<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu komut, ikinci s\u00fctun (sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131) 100&#8217;den b\u00fcy\u00fck olan sat\u0131rlar\u0131 yazd\u0131r\u0131r ve \u00fcr\u00fcn ad\u0131, sat\u0131\u015f fiyat\u0131 ve sat\u0131\u015f adetini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>8.  Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri dosyalar\u0131ndan belirli kriterlere uyan sat\u0131rlar\u0131 ay\u0131klamak i\u00e7in son derece g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve verimli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r. Bu makalede, <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;\u0131n temel kullan\u0131m\u0131ndan ileri d\u00fczey tekniklere kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede bilgi vermeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131k.  Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rnekleri ve performans optimizasyonu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;\u0131 daha etkili kullanabilirsiniz.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n bloguna](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;\u0131 hangi i\u015fletim sistemlerinde kullanabilirim?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>, Linux, macOS ve di\u011fer Unix benzeri sistemlerde kullan\u0131labilir. Windows&#8217;ta da Cygwin veya WSL gibi ara\u00e7lar ile kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong><code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;ta d\u00fczenli ifadeler nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">~<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc ile d\u00fczenli ifadeler kullan\u0131labilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">$1 ~ \/pattern\/<\/code> ifadesi, birinci s\u00fctunun &#8220;pattern&#8221; d\u00fczenli ifadesini i\u00e7erip i\u00e7ermedi\u011fini kontrol eder.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong><code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;ta birden fazla ko\u015ful nas\u0131l belirlenir?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">&&<\/code> (ve) ve <code class=\"language-\">||<\/code> (veya) operat\u00f6rleri ile birden fazla ko\u015ful belirlenebilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">$1 == \"value1\" && $2 > 10<\/code> ifadesi, birinci s\u00fctunun &#8220;value1&#8243;e e\u015fit ve ikinci s\u00fctunun 10&#8217;dan b\u00fcy\u00fck oldu\u011fu sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong><code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;ta say\u0131sal i\u015flemler nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>, toplama, \u00e7\u0131karma, \u00e7arpma, b\u00f6lme gibi standart say\u0131sal i\u015flemleri destekler.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong><code class=\"language-\">awk<\/code>&#8216;ta dosya nas\u0131l okunur?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">awk '{komutlar}' dosya_adi<\/code> \u015feklinde dosya okunur.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# awk ile Belirli S\u00fctun De\u011ferine Sahip Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Yazd\u0131rma Veri i\u015flemede, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri dosyalar\u0131ndan belirli kriterlere uyan sat\u0131rlar\u0131&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1328],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27531","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-bash","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>awk ile Belirli De\u011fere Sahip S\u00fctuna G\u00f6re Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Yazd\u0131rma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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