{"id":27511,"date":"2025-08-14T15:15:22","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T12:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-toplam-nasil-hesaplanir\/"},"modified":"2025-08-14T15:15:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T12:15:22","slug":"postgresql-gruplara-gore-toplam-nasil-hesaplanir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-toplam-nasil-hesaplanir\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Gruplara G\u00f6re Toplam Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Gruplamaya G\u00f6re Toplam Hesaplama<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri var ve bu verileri farkl\u0131 kategorilere g\u00f6re toplaman\u0131z gerekiyor mu?  \u00d6rne\u011fin, her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131, her m\u00fc\u015fterinin yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 toplam harcamay\u0131 veya her b\u00f6lgedeki toplam sipari\u015f say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplaman\u0131z gerekebilir. \u0130\u015fte tam bu noktada PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">SUM()<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131 devreye giriyor. Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de gruplamaya g\u00f6re toplam hesaplamay\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar herkesin anlayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.  Veritaban\u0131 performans\u0131n\u0131 optimize etme tekniklerini de ele alarak, verilerinizden en iyi \u015fekilde yararlanman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de gruplamaya g\u00f6re toplam hesaplamay\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenme yolculu\u011funuza rehberlik edecek \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00dc\u00e7 seviyeden olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong> Temel kavramlar, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klama ve basit kod \u00f6rnekleri.<br \/>\n* <strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek hayat \u00f6rnekleri, performans optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve daha karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong> Performans analizi, karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolar ve edge case&#8217;ler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Temel Toplama \u0130\u015flemleri: <code class=\"language-\">SUM()<\/code> Fonksiyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">SUM()<\/code> fonksiyonu, say\u0131sal verilerin toplam\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  Basit bir \u00f6rnek olarak, bir <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> tablosunda her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn fiyat\u0131n\u0131 toplayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT SUM(fiyat) AS toplam_fiyat\nFROM urunler;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> tablosundaki t\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 toplayarak <code class=\"language-\">toplam_fiyat<\/code> adl\u0131 bir s\u00fctuna yazar.  <code class=\"language-\">AS<\/code> anahtar kelimesi, s\u00fctunun ad\u0131n\u0131 belirlememizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Gruplama: <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> Klavuzu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">SUM()<\/code> fonksiyonunu tek ba\u015f\u0131na kullanmak t\u00fcm verilerin toplam\u0131n\u0131 verir. Ancak, verileri kategorilere g\u00f6re toplamak i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> klavuzunu kullanmal\u0131y\u0131z.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, her kategorideki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin toplam fiyat\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in \u015fu sorguyu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT kategori, SUM(fiyat) AS toplam_kategori_fiyati\nFROM urunler\nGROUP BY kategori;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> tablosundaki \u00fcr\u00fcnleri <code class=\"language-\">kategori<\/code> s\u00fctununa g\u00f6re gruplar ve her kategori i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">fiyat<\/code> s\u00fctunundaki de\u011ferlerin toplam\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar. Sonu\u00e7, her kategori i\u00e7in bir sat\u0131r i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek Hayat \u00d6rne\u011fi:  Bir E-ticaret Sitesinin Sat\u0131\u015f Raporlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u015fehir baz\u0131nda toplamak istedi\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim.  <code class=\"language-\">satislar<\/code> adl\u0131 bir tablo olsun ve bu tabloda <code class=\"language-\">sehir<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">tarih<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">tutar<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131 bulunsun.  Her \u015fehrin her g\u00fcnk\u00fc toplam sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplar\u0131z?<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT sehir, tarih, SUM(tutar) AS gunluk_toplam_satis\nFROM satislar\nGROUP BY sehir, tarih\nORDER BY sehir, tarih;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, \u00f6nce \u015fehir ve tarihe g\u00f6re grupland\u0131rma yapar ve sonra her grup i\u00e7in toplam sat\u0131\u015f tutar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar. <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> klavuzu ise sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 \u015fehir ve tarihe g\u00f6re s\u0131ralar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Gruplamaya G\u00f6re Toplam Hesaplama: \u0130leri Seviye Teknikler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Daha karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolar i\u00e7in, <code class=\"language-\">HAVING<\/code> klavuzu ve alt sorgular\u0131 kullanabiliriz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, toplam sat\u0131\u015f tutar\u0131 1000 TL&#8217;den fazla olan \u015fehirleri listelemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT sehir, SUM(tutar) AS toplam_satis\nFROM satislar\nGROUP BY sehir\nHAVING SUM(tutar) &gt; 1000;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">HAVING<\/code> klavuzu, gruplama i\u015fleminden sonra filtreleme yapmam\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.  Bu \u00f6rnekte, toplam sat\u0131\u015f tutar\u0131 1000 TL&#8217;den b\u00fcy\u00fck olan gruplar (\u015fehirler) se\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Optimizasyonu:  PostgreSQL Sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 H\u0131zland\u0131rma<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck veritabanlar\u0131nda, sorgu performans\u0131 kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir.  Performans\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u015fu teknikleri kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksler:<\/strong>  S\u0131k\u00e7a sorgulad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z s\u00fctunlara indeks eklemek, sorgu s\u00fcresini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde azaltabilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>WHERE klavuzu:<\/strong>  Gereksiz verileri filtrelemek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> klavuzunu kullan\u0131n.  <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> klavuzu, <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> i\u015fleminden *\u00f6nce* filtreleme yapar.<br \/>\n* <strong>Analiz:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">ANALYZE<\/code> komutunu kullanarak veritaban\u0131 istatistiklerini g\u00fcncelleyin.  Bu, PostgreSQL&#8217;in daha iyi sorgu planlar\u0131 olu\u015fturmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<br \/>\n* <strong>Sorgu optimizasyonu ara\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong>  PostgreSQL&#8217;in sundu\u011fu sorgu optimizasyon ara\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz edebilir ve iyile\u015ftirebilirsiniz.  <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutu, sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Karma\u015f\u0131k Senaryolar ve Edge Case&#8217;ler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bazen, birden fazla tabloyu birle\u015ftirerek (JOIN) gruplamaya g\u00f6re toplam hesaplama yapman\u0131z gerekebilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin ve sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir tablosundan her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn toplam sat\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 hesaplayabilirsiniz.  Bu t\u00fcr senaryolar, <code class=\"language-\">JOIN<\/code> i\u015flemlerinin do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve potansiyel performans sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n dikkatlice ele al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir.  Ayr\u0131ca, NULL de\u011ferlerin nas\u0131l ele al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeniz gerekebilir.  <code class=\"language-\">SUM()<\/code> fonksiyonu, NULL de\u011ferleri dikkate almaz, bu nedenle NULL de\u011ferleri 0 olarak i\u015fleme almak i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE()<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de gruplamaya g\u00f6re toplam hesaplaman\u0131n temellerinden ileri seviye tekniklere kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazeyi kapsad\u0131k.  Veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcne ve karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak, performans optimizasyonuna \u00f6zellikle dikkat etmeniz \u00f6nemlidir.  Verimli ve h\u0131zl\u0131 sorgular yazarak, verilerinizden maksimum fayday\u0131 sa\u011flayabilirsiniz.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in, [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n web sitesini](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> klavuzunda birden fazla s\u00fctun nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>  Birden fazla s\u00fctun kullanarak, verileri birden fazla kategoriye g\u00f6re gruplayabilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY sehir, tarih<\/code> sorgusu verileri hem \u015fehir hem de tarihe g\u00f6re gruplar.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong><code class=\"language-\">SUM()<\/code> fonksiyonu NULL de\u011ferleri nas\u0131l ele al\u0131r?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">SUM()<\/code> fonksiyonu NULL de\u011ferleri dikkate almaz.  NULL de\u011ferleri 0 olarak i\u015fleme almak i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE()<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong><code class=\"language-\">HAVING<\/code> klavuzu ne zaman kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">HAVING<\/code> klavuzu, gruplama i\u015fleminden sonra filtreleme yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> klavuzu ise gruplama i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce filtreleme yapar.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l iyile\u015ftirebilirim?<\/strong>  \u0130ndeksler, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> klavuzu, <code class=\"language-\">ANALYZE<\/code> komutu ve sorgu optimizasyon ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanarak sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular\u0131 nas\u0131l optimize ederim?<\/strong>  Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmeli, gereksiz JOIN i\u015flemlerinden ka\u00e7\u0131nmal\u0131 ve indeksleri do\u011fru kullanmal\u0131s\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Gruplamaya G\u00f6re Toplam Hesaplama PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda veri var ve bu verileri farkl\u0131 kategorilere g\u00f6re&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27511","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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