{"id":27375,"date":"2025-08-12T06:15:25","date_gmt":"2025-08-12T03:15:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-sonuclari-gune-gore-gruplandirma\/"},"modified":"2025-08-12T06:15:25","modified_gmt":"2025-08-12T03:15:25","slug":"postgresql-sonuclari-gune-gore-gruplandirma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-sonuclari-gune-gore-gruplandirma\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 G\u00fcne G\u00f6re Grupland\u0131rma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de G\u00fcnl\u00fck Veri Grupland\u0131rma: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulama Rehberi<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00fcnl\u00fck sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131, web site trafi\u011fini veya herhangi bir zaman serisine ba\u011fl\u0131 veriyi analiz etmek istiyorsunuz.  Ancak, verileriniz saniyelik, dakikal\u0131k veya saatlik zaman damgalar\u0131yla kaydedilmi\u015f ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck toplamlar\u0131 veya ortalamalar\u0131 g\u00f6rmek istiyorsunuz.  \u0130\u015fte tam bu noktada PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> fonksiyonu ve tarih fonksiyonlar\u0131yla g\u00fcnl\u00fck veri grupland\u0131rma devreye giriyor. Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de g\u00fcnl\u00fck veri grupland\u0131rmay\u0131 s\u0131f\u0131rdan uzman seviyesine kadar ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klayacak, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rnekleri ve performans optimizasyon teknikleriyle dolu bir rehber sunacakt\u0131r.  PostgreSQL&#8217;de g\u00fcnl\u00fck verileri nas\u0131l etkili bir \u015fekilde gruplayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in okumaya devam edin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Tarih ve Zaman Fonksiyonlar\u0131: Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL, tarih ve zaman verilerini i\u015flemek i\u00e7in zengin bir fonksiyon seti sunar.  Bu fonksiyonlar,  <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">timestamp<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">timestamptz<\/code> gibi veri tiplerini kullanarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> ile g\u00fcnl\u00fck verileri grupland\u0131rmak i\u00e7in en s\u0131k kullan\u0131lan fonksiyonlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong><code class=\"language-\">date(timestamp)<\/code>:<\/strong> Bir <code class=\"language-\">timestamp<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">timestamptz<\/code> de\u011ferini <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code> tipine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr. Bu fonksiyon, g\u00fcnl\u00fck grupland\u0131rman\u0131n temelini olu\u015fturur.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">date('2024-10-27 10:30:00')<\/code>  sonucu <code class=\"language-\">2024-10-27<\/code> olur.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong><code class=\"language-\">EXTRACT(field FROM timestamp)<\/code>:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">timestamp<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">date<\/code> de\u011ferinden belirli bir alan\u0131 (y\u0131l, ay, g\u00fcn, saat, dakika, saniye) ay\u0131klar.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">EXTRACT(DAY FROM '2024-10-27 10:30:00')<\/code> sonucu <code class=\"language-\">27<\/code> olur.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong><code class=\"language-\">to_char(timestamp, format)<\/code>:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">timestamp<\/code> de\u011ferini belirtilen formata g\u00f6re bir metin dizesine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.  Bu, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 format\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">to_char('2024-10-27 10:30:00', 'YYYY-MM-DD')<\/code> sonucu <code class=\"language-\">2024-10-27<\/code> olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de G\u00fcnl\u00fck Veri Grupland\u0131rma: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulamal\u0131 K\u0131lavuz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi,  PostgreSQL&#8217;de g\u00fcnl\u00fck veri grupland\u0131rman\u0131n pratik uygulamalar\u0131na ge\u00e7elim.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rneklerde,  <code class=\"language-\">orders<\/code> adl\u0131 bir tablomuz oldu\u011funu ve bu tablonun <code class=\"language-\">order_date<\/code> (timestamp) ve <code class=\"language-\">order_total<\/code> (numeric) s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini varsayaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong># \u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 1: Basit G\u00fcnl\u00fck Toplam Hesaplama<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki SQL sorgusu, her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in toplam sipari\u015f tutar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT date(order_date) AS order_day, SUM(order_total) AS total_daily_sales\nFROM orders\nGROUP BY order_day\nORDER BY order_day;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">order_date<\/code> s\u00fctununu <code class=\"language-\">date()<\/code> fonksiyonu ile g\u00fcnl\u00fck tarihe d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrerek <code class=\"language-\">order_day<\/code> adl\u0131 yeni bir s\u00fctun olu\u015fturur.  <code class=\"language-\">SUM(order_total)<\/code> fonksiyonu ise her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in toplam sipari\u015f tutar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar.  <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY order_day<\/code> ifadesi, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 g\u00fcnl\u00fck olarak gruplar ve <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY order_day<\/code> ifadesi sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 tarih s\u0131ras\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 2: G\u00fcnl\u00fck Sipari\u015f Say\u0131s\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu ise her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in yap\u0131lan toplam sipari\u015f say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT date(order_date) AS order_day, COUNT(*) AS total_orders\nFROM orders\nGROUP BY order_day\nORDER BY order_day;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu \u00f6rnekte, <code class=\"language-\">COUNT(*)<\/code> fonksiyonu her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in ka\u00e7 sat\u0131r (sipari\u015f) oldu\u011funu sayar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek Hayat \u00d6rne\u011fi: E-Ticaret Analizi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret \u015firketinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve g\u00fcnl\u00fck sat\u0131\u015f trendlerini analiz etmek istedi\u011finizi varsayal\u0131m.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in toplam sat\u0131\u015f gelirini, ortalama sipari\u015f de\u011ferini ve sipari\u015f say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    date(order_date) AS order_day,\n    SUM(order_total) AS total_revenue,\n    AVG(order_total) AS average_order_value,\n    COUNT(*) AS total_orders\nFROM orders\nGROUP BY order_day\nORDER BY order_day;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksler:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">order_date<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks eklemek, sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.  \u0130ndeks olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komutu kullanabilirsiniz: <code class=\"language-\">CREATE INDEX order_date_idx ON orders (order_date);<\/code><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>WHERE Klauzu:<\/strong>  Belirli bir tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> klauzu kullan\u0131n. \u00d6rne\u011fin, son 7 g\u00fcn\u00fcn verilerini analiz etmek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT date(order_date) AS order_day, SUM(order_total) AS total_daily_sales\nFROM orders\nWHERE order_date &gt;= NOW() - INTERVAL '7 days'\nGROUP BY order_day\nORDER BY order_day;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri D\u00fczey:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz. Bu komut, sorgunun y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclme plan\u0131n\u0131 ve her ad\u0131m\u0131n s\u00fcresini g\u00f6sterir.  Performans darbo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek ve optimizasyon stratejileri geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bu bilgiyi kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Edge Case&#8217;ler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Bo\u015f Tarihler:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">order_date<\/code> s\u00fctununda bo\u015f de\u011ferler varsa,  <code class=\"language-\">WHERE order_date IS NOT NULL<\/code> klauzu kullanarak bu de\u011ferleri filtreleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck Veri Setleri:<\/strong> \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck veri setlerinde,  par\u00e7al\u0131 sorgulama (partitioning) teknikleri performans\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.  PostgreSQL&#8217;de tablolar\u0131 par\u00e7alara ay\u0131rmak,  sorgular\u0131n daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.  [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresinde PostgreSQL performans optimizasyonu hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi bulabilirsiniz. (Buraya bir makale linki eklenebilir)<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Zaman Dilimleri:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">timestamptz<\/code> veri tipi kullan\u0131yorsan\u0131z, zaman dilimlerini do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netmek \u00f6nemlidir.  <code class=\"language-\">AT TIME ZONE<\/code> fonksiyonu, farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerindeki verileri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryolar\u0131 ve Vaka \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vaka 1: Web Sitesi Trafi\u011fi Analizi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir web sitesinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck ziyaret\u00e7ilerini analiz etmek i\u00e7in,  <code class=\"language-\">visits<\/code> adl\u0131 bir tabloda <code class=\"language-\">visit_timestamp<\/code> (timestamptz) ve <code class=\"language-\">visitor_ip<\/code> (text) s\u00fctunlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in benzersiz ziyaret\u00e7ilerin say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT date(visit_timestamp) AS visit_day, COUNT(DISTINCT visitor_ip) AS unique_visitors\nFROM visits\nGROUP BY visit_day\nORDER BY visit_day;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Vaka 2: Sosyal Medya Etkile\u015fim Analizi:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sosyal medya g\u00f6nderilerinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck etkile\u015fimlerini analiz etmek i\u00e7in, <code class=\"language-\">posts<\/code> adl\u0131 bir tabloda <code class=\"language-\">post_date<\/code> (timestamp) ve <code class=\"language-\">likes<\/code> (integer) s\u00fctunlar\u0131 oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorgu, her g\u00fcn i\u00e7in toplam be\u011feni say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT date(post_date) AS post_day, SUM(likes) AS total_likes\nFROM posts\nGROUP BY post_day\nORDER BY post_day;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de g\u00fcnl\u00fck veri grupland\u0131rma,  tarih ve zaman fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde kullanarak olduk\u00e7a kolay bir i\u015flemdir.  Bu makalede,  temel kavramlardan ileri d\u00fczey tekniklere kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede bilgi sunuldu.  Uygulamada kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011finiz senaryolar i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rnekleri ve performans optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile desteklenen bu rehber, PostgreSQL&#8217;i daha etkin kullanman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> kullanmadan g\u00fcnl\u00fck veri grupland\u0131rmas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fcd\u00fcr?<\/strong>  Hay\u0131r, <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> klauzu olmadan g\u00fcnl\u00fck verileri toplamak veya \u00f6zetlemek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fildir.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>\u00c7ok say\u0131da s\u00fctun i\u00e7eren bir tabloda g\u00fcnl\u00fck grupland\u0131rma nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> klauzu, grupland\u0131rma i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan t\u00fcm s\u00fctunlar\u0131 i\u00e7ermelidir. Di\u011fer s\u00fctunlar i\u00e7in toplama, ortalama veya sayma gibi agregasyon fonksiyonlar\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>Farkl\u0131 zaman dilimlerinde kaydedilen verileri nas\u0131l grupland\u0131rabilirim?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">AT TIME ZONE<\/code> fonksiyonu ile verileri ortak bir zaman dilimine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmeniz gerekir.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>G\u00fcnl\u00fck veri grupland\u0131rmas\u0131nda performans sorunlar\u0131yla nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilirim?<\/strong> \u0130ndeksler olu\u015fturmak, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> klauzu kullanmak, par\u00e7al\u0131 tablolar olu\u015fturmak gibi optimizasyon teknikleri kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de tarih ve zaman fonksiyonlar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha fazla bilgi nerede bulabilirim?<\/strong> PostgreSQL resmi d\u00f6k\u00fcmanlar\u0131na ve [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresindeki makalelere g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de G\u00fcnl\u00fck Veri Grupland\u0131rma: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulama Rehberi PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda g\u00fcnl\u00fck sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131, web site trafi\u011fini veya herhangi&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-27375","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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