{"id":26985,"date":"2025-08-03T21:15:21","date_gmt":"2025-08-03T18:15:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/"},"modified":"2025-08-03T21:15:21","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T18:15:21","slug":"postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: NULL De\u011ferlerini \u00d6nceki De\u011ferle Doldurma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de NULL De\u011ferlerini \u00d6nceki De\u011ferle Doldurma<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda bo\u015f (NULL) de\u011ferlerle mi bo\u011fu\u015fuyorsunuz? Zaman serileri verileri, sens\u00f6r okumalar\u0131 veya herhangi bir s\u00fcrekli veri ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u015fliyorsan\u0131z, eksik de\u011ferleri doldurmak performans ve veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fcz i\u00e7in kritik \u00f6neme sahiptir. Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de NULL de\u011ferlerini \u00f6nceki sat\u0131rdaki de\u011feri kullanarak nas\u0131l doldurabilece\u011finizi ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, farkl\u0131 seviyelerdeki deneyimlere g\u00f6re a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131z.  Veri analizi s\u00fcrecinizi optimize etmek i\u00e7in pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ve performans ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 sunaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de NULL de\u011ferlerini doldurma konusunda farkl\u0131 seviyelerdeki bilgiye sahip kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 takip ederek, konuyu ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frenebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> fonksiyonunun temel kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve basit bir \u00f6rnek.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131, performans optimizasyonu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ve daha karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulamalar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong>  Performans analizi, edge case&#8217;ler ve farkl\u0131 senaryolara \u00f6zel \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de NULL De\u011ferleri: Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL, ili\u015fkisel veritabanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir sistemdir ancak NULL de\u011ferleri veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve analizi etkileyebilir. NULL, bilinmeyen veya uygulanmayan bir de\u011feri temsil eder.  Bu de\u011ferler, ortalama hesaplamalar\u0131 etkileyebilir, grafiklerde bo\u015fluklar olu\u015fturabilir ve raporlamay\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir.  Bu nedenle, NULL de\u011ferlerini anlaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde doldurmak, verilerinizden daha do\u011fru sonu\u00e7lar elde etmenizi sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NULL De\u011ferlerini Doldurma: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulamal\u0131 K\u0131lavuz (Yeni Ba\u015flayan)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>En basit yakla\u015f\u0131m, <code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> pencere fonksiyonunu kullanmakt\u0131r. <code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> fonksiyonu, belirli bir say\u0131da sat\u0131r \u00f6nceki sat\u0131rdaki bir s\u00fctunun de\u011ferini d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rnek olarak, bir s\u0131cakl\u0131k sens\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn okumalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir tablo d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE TABLE sicaklik_okumalar (\n    zaman timestamptz NOT NULL,\n    sicaklik numeric\n);\n\nINSERT INTO sicaklik_okumalar (zaman, sicaklik) VALUES\n('2024-10-27 00:00:00', 20),\n('2024-10-27 01:00:00', 22),\n('2024-10-27 02:00:00', NULL),\n('2024-10-27 03:00:00', 25),\n('2024-10-27 04:00:00', NULL),\n('2024-10-27 05:00:00', 28);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> fonksiyonu ile NULL de\u011ferleri \u00f6nceki sat\u0131rdaki s\u0131cakl\u0131k de\u011ferleriyle doldurabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT \n    zaman,\n    COALESCE(sicaklik, LAG(sicaklik, 1, 0) OVER (ORDER BY zaman)) as doldurulmu\u015f_sicaklik\nFROM sicaklik_okumalar;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">LAG(sicaklik, 1, 0)<\/code> ile \u00f6nceki sat\u0131rdaki <code class=\"language-\">sicaklik<\/code> de\u011ferini al\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">1<\/code> parametresi, bir \u00f6nceki sat\u0131r\u0131 g\u00f6sterir.  <code class=\"language-\">0<\/code> parametresi, en ba\u015ftaki sat\u0131r i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan de\u011ferdir (NULL durumunda 0 olarak doldurur). <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE()<\/code> fonksiyonu, <code class=\"language-\">sicaklik<\/code> de\u011feri NULL de\u011filse onu, aksi takdirde <code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> fonksiyonunun sonucunu d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryolar\u0131 ve Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131 (Orta Seviye)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi, daha ger\u00e7ek\u00e7i bir senaryoyu ele alal\u0131m. Bir e-ticaret sitesinin g\u00fcnl\u00fck sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 takip eden bir tablo d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE TABLE gunluk_satislar (\n    tarih DATE NOT NULL,\n    satis_miktari INTEGER\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>E\u011fer baz\u0131 tarihlerde sat\u0131\u015f bilgisi eksikse, \u00f6nceki g\u00fcnk\u00fc sat\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT \n    tarih,\n    COALESCE(satis_miktari, LAG(satis_miktari, 1, 0) OVER (ORDER BY tarih)) as doldurulmu\u015f_satis\nFROM gunluk_satislar;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksler:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">tarih<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks eklemek, sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Veri Tipleri:<\/strong> Uygun veri tipleri kullanmak, sorgu optimizasyonuna yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<br \/>\n* <strong>Gereksiz S\u00fctunlar:<\/strong> Sadece gerekli s\u00fctunlar\u0131 se\u00e7mek, sorguyu h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi ve Edge Case&#8217;ler (\u0130leri Seviye)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolarla \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, performans kritik bir konudur.  <code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> fonksiyonu genellikle verimlidir, ancak \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in performans\u0131 analiz etmek \u00f6nemlidir.  <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutu ile sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131 inceleyerek performans\u0131 optimize edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Edge Case&#8217;ler:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Birden fazla NULL de\u011fer:<\/strong> Birden fazla ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k NULL de\u011feri varsa, ilk olmayan NULL de\u011fere kadar \u00f6nceki de\u011feri ta\u015f\u0131mak isteyebilirsiniz.  Bu durum i\u00e7in daha karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulamalar veya d\u00f6ng\u00fcsel i\u015flemler gerekebilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>De\u011fi\u015fen S\u0131ralama:<\/strong> Verilerinizin s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131n zamanla de\u011fi\u015fmesi durumunda, s\u0131ralama kriterini dikkatlice se\u00e7meniz gerekir.  Yanl\u0131\u015f s\u0131ralama, yanl\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Veri B\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc:<\/strong>  NULL de\u011ferlerini doldururken, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir.  Yanl\u0131\u015f doldurma, analiz sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 etkileyebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Karma\u015f\u0131k Senaryolar \u0130\u00e7in \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 durumlarda, <code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> fonksiyonu tek ba\u015f\u0131na yeterli olmayabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, ayl\u0131k sat\u0131\u015f verilerinde eksik aylar varsa, \u00f6nceki aya ait verileri do\u011frudan kopyalamak yerine bir ortalama hesaplamak veya daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir dolgu stratejisi uygulamak daha uygun olabilir.  Bu t\u00fcr durumlarda,  PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc fonksiyonlar\u0131 ve pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 birle\u015ftirerek \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz.  Bu konuda daha detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresindeki makalelerime g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de NULL de\u011ferlerini \u00f6nceki de\u011ferlerle doldurmak, veri analizi s\u00fcrecinizi \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirebilir.  <code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> fonksiyonu, basit durumlarda etkili bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar.  Ancak, daha karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolarda, performans optimizasyonu ve veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurularak, \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmi\u015f \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirmek gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> fonksiyonu ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong>  Genellikle verimlidir, ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in performans analizi yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilir.<br \/>\n2. <strong><code class=\"language-\">LAG()<\/code> fonksiyonu d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ba\u015fka y\u00f6ntemler var m\u0131?<\/strong>  Evet,  <code class=\"language-\">LEAD()<\/code> fonksiyonu veya \u00f6zel fonksiyonlar kullan\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n3. <strong>NULL de\u011ferlerini doldurmak her zaman do\u011fru mudur?<\/strong>  Hay\u0131r,  veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc ve analiz hedeflerini dikkate almak \u00f6nemlidir.<br \/>\n4. <strong>Hangi veri tipleriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirim?<\/strong>  \u00c7o\u011fu veri tipiyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilir, ancak uygun veri tipi se\u00e7imi performans\u0131 etkiler.<br \/>\n5. <strong>\u00c7ok fazla NULL de\u011feri varsa ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong>  Daha karma\u015f\u0131k dolgu stratejileri veya veri temizleme teknikleri gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de NULL De\u011ferlerini \u00d6nceki De\u011ferle Doldurma PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda bo\u015f (NULL) de\u011ferlerle mi bo\u011fu\u015fuyorsunuz? Zaman serileri verileri, sens\u00f6r&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26985","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PostgreSQL: NULL De\u011ferlerini \u00d6nceki De\u011ferle Doldurma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PostgreSQL: NULL De\u011ferlerini \u00d6nceki De\u011ferle Doldurma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-03T18:15:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"PostgreSQL: NULL De\u011ferlerini \u00d6nceki De\u011ferle Doldurma\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-03T18:15:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/\"},\"wordCount\":847,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"PostgreSQL\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/\",\"name\":\"PostgreSQL: NULL De\u011ferlerini \u00d6nceki De\u011ferle Doldurma\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-08-03T18:15:21+00:00\",\"description\":\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-null-degerlerini-onceki-degerle-doldurma\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"PostgreSQL: NULL De\u011ferlerini \u00d6nceki De\u011ferle Doldurma\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Fatihsoysal.com\",\"description\":\"Blog - 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