{"id":26969,"date":"2025-08-03T15:15:22","date_gmt":"2025-08-03T12:15:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-sadece-bir-sutun-icin-select-distinct-kullanimi\/"},"modified":"2025-08-03T15:15:22","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T12:15:22","slug":"postgresql-sadece-bir-sutun-icin-select-distinct-kullanimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-sadece-bir-sutun-icin-select-distinct-kullanimi\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Sadece Bir S\u00fctun \u0130\u00e7in SELECT DISTINCT Kullan\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Tek S\u00fctun \u0130\u00e7in SELECT DISTINCT Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n<p>Veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda tekrar eden verilerle bo\u011fu\u015fuyor ve yaln\u0131zca benzersiz kay\u0131tlar\u0131 almak istiyor musunuz? PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> komutu, bu sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ancak, yaln\u0131zca tek bir s\u00fctuna odaklanmak istedi\u011finizde, bu komutu nas\u0131l en etkili \u015fekilde kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 bilmek \u00f6nemlidir. Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de tek bir s\u00fctun i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rnekleriyle ve performans optimizasyon teknikleriyle a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>Veritaban\u0131 i\u015flemlerinde s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z tekrar eden veriler, performans\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilir ve raporlamalar\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131rabilir. Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;de tek bir s\u00fctun i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> kullanarak bu sorunu nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011finizi ve performans\u0131 nas\u0131l optimize edebilece\u011finizi \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.  <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code>&#8216;in temellerinden ileri d\u00fczey performans optimizasyonuna kadar her a\u015famada ad\u0131m ad\u0131m ilerleyece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de SELECT DISTINCT: Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> komutu, bir sorgu sonucunda elde edilen sat\u0131rlardaki tekrar eden kombinasyonlar\u0131 filtreleyerek yaln\u0131zca benzersiz sat\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.  Varsay\u0131lan olarak, t\u00fcm s\u00fctunlar\u0131 dikkate al\u0131r.  Ancak, yaln\u0131zca belirli bir s\u00fctunun benzersiz de\u011ferlerini almak istedi\u011fimizde, sadece o s\u00fctunu <code class=\"language-\">SELECT<\/code> ifadesinde belirtmemiz yeterlidir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> tablosunda her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131 (<code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code>) ve fiyat\u0131 (<code class=\"language-\">fiyat<\/code>) bulunmaktad\u0131r.  T\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcn isimlerinin benzersiz listesini almak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorg\u00fcy\u00fc kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT DISTINCT urun_adi\nFROM urunler;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> tablosundaki t\u00fcm <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code> de\u011ferlerini, tekrar edenleri yaln\u0131zca bir kez g\u00f6stererek d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.  Fiyat bilgisi ise g\u00f6z ard\u0131 edilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Tek S\u00fctun \u0130\u00e7in SELECT DISTINCT: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulama<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 1:<\/strong> Basit bir tablo olu\u015fturun.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE TABLE kitaplar (\n    kitap_adi VARCHAR(255),\n    yazar VARCHAR(255),\n    yayinevi VARCHAR(255)\n);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 2:<\/strong> Tabloya baz\u0131 veriler ekleyin.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>INSERT INTO kitaplar (kitap_adi, yazar, yayinevi) VALUES\n('Y\u00fcz\u00fcklerin Efendisi', 'J.R.R. Tolkien', '\u0130thaki Yay\u0131nlar\u0131'),\n('Y\u00fcz\u00fcklerin Efendisi', 'J.R.R. Tolkien', 'Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131'),\n('Hobbit', 'J.R.R. Tolkien', '\u0130thaki Yay\u0131nlar\u0131'),\n('1984', 'George Orwell', 'Can Yay\u0131nlar\u0131'),\n('1984', 'George Orwell', '\u0130thaki Yay\u0131nlar\u0131');<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 3:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">kitap_adi<\/code> s\u00fctunundaki benzersiz de\u011ferleri se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT DISTINCT kitap_adi FROM kitaplar;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, &#8220;Y\u00fcz\u00fcklerin Efendisi&#8221; ve &#8220;Hobbit&#8221; gibi benzersiz kitap isimlerini d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek Hayat \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong> Bir e-ticaret sitesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn veritaban\u0131nda, her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn birden fazla kategoriye ait oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m.  Her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi kategorilere ait oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steren bir tablo var.  T\u00fcm benzersiz kategorileri listelemek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> kullanabiliriz.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT DISTINCT kategori_adi\nFROM urun_kategorileri;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong>  B\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, <code class=\"language-\">INDEX<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131 performans\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.  <code class=\"language-\">kategori_adi<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks eklemek sorgunun h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirecektir.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE INDEX idx_kategori_adi ON urun_kategorileri (kategori_adi);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi:<\/strong>  \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar \u00fczerinde <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> kullan\u0131rken, sorgu y\u00fcr\u00fctme s\u00fcresi \u00f6nemli olabilir.  <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutu ile sorgunun performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz edebilir ve optimizasyon i\u00e7in gereken ad\u0131mlar\u0131 belirleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>EXPLAIN ANALYZE SELECT DISTINCT kategori_adi FROM urun_kategorileri;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Edge Case&#8217;ler:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> de\u011ferleri <code class=\"language-\">DISTINCT<\/code> i\u015flemi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir durum olu\u015fturur.  Birden fazla <code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> de\u011feri varsa, bunlardan yaln\u0131zca biri sonu\u00e7ta g\u00f6sterilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SELECT DISTINCT ile \u0130lgili Pratik \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmler ve Vaka Analizleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Vaka Analizi 1: M\u00fc\u015fteri Veritaban\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir m\u00fc\u015fteri veritaban\u0131nda, her m\u00fc\u015fterinin birden fazla adresi olabilir.  M\u00fc\u015fterilerin benzersiz \u015fehirlerini listelemek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT DISTINCT sehir\nFROM musteriler;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, m\u00fc\u015fterilerin ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm \u015fehirleri tekrar etmeden listeleyecektir.  E\u011fer performans sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015farsan\u0131z, <code class=\"language-\">sehir<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Vaka Analizi 2: \u00dcr\u00fcn Stok Takibi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir \u00fcr\u00fcn stok takibi sisteminde, her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn farkl\u0131 depolarda farkl\u0131 stok miktarlar\u0131 olabilir.  Her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn hangi depolarda bulundu\u011funu g\u00f6steren bir tablo olsun.  T\u00fcm benzersiz depo isimlerini listelemek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT DISTINCT depo_adi\nFROM urun_stoklari;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, t\u00fcm depolardaki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin listesini g\u00f6sterir.  Burada da performans optimizasyonu i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">depo_adi<\/code> s\u00fctununa indeks eklenebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Optimizasyonu i\u00e7in \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksler:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">DISTINCT<\/code> ile kullan\u0131lan s\u00fctundaki veriler \u00fczerinde indeks olu\u015fturmak, sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.  \u00d6zellikle b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in indeksleme olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir.<br \/>\n* <strong>WHERE Klauzu:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> klauzu kullanarak sorgunuzu filtreleyerek, <code class=\"language-\">DISTINCT<\/code> i\u015fleminin uygulanmas\u0131 gereken veri miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilirsiniz.  Bu, performans\u0131 art\u0131rmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<br \/>\n* <strong>LIMIT Klauzu:<\/strong>  Yaln\u0131zca belirli say\u0131da benzersiz de\u011fere ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z varsa, <code class=\"language-\">LIMIT<\/code> klauzu kullanarak sorgu sonucunu s\u0131n\u0131rlayabilirsiniz.<br \/>\n* <strong>Analiz:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutu ile sorgunuzun performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz edin ve gerekti\u011finde optimizasyon yap\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <strong>PostgreSQL ayarlar\u0131:<\/strong>  PostgreSQL&#8217;in baz\u0131 ayarlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirerek performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz.  Bu ayarlar veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve yap\u0131s\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de tek bir s\u00fctun i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131, veritaban\u0131n\u0131zdaki tekrar eden verileri ele alman\u0131n ve yaln\u0131zca benzersiz de\u011ferleri elde etmenin etkili bir yoludur.  Bu makalede \u00f6\u011frendi\u011finiz teknikleri kullanarak, veritaban\u0131 sorgular\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 optimize edebilir ve performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> ile <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">DISTINCT<\/code>, t\u00fcm s\u00fctunlardaki benzersiz sat\u0131r kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code>, belirli s\u00fctunlara g\u00f6re grupland\u0131rma yapar ve her grup i\u00e7in toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131 uygulayabilir.<br \/>\n2. <strong><code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> \u00e7ok yava\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsa ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong>  \u0130ndeksleme, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> klauzu kullan\u0131m\u0131, <code class=\"language-\">LIMIT<\/code> klauzu ve <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> ile performans analizi yapmay\u0131 deneyin.<br \/>\n3. <strong><code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> de\u011ferleri <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> taraf\u0131ndan nas\u0131l i\u015flenir?<\/strong>  Birden fazla <code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> de\u011feri varsa, bunlardan yaln\u0131zca biri sonu\u00e7ta g\u00f6sterilir.<br \/>\n4. <strong>\u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> kullanman\u0131n performans etkisi nedir?<\/strong>  B\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fc olabilir. \u0130ndeksleme ve di\u011fer optimizasyon teknikleri performans\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<br \/>\n5. <strong><code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code>&#8216;i birden fazla s\u00fctunda nas\u0131l kullanabilirim?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">SELECT DISTINCT<\/code> komutunda birden fazla s\u00fctun belirterek, bu s\u00fctunlar\u0131n benzersiz kombinasyonlar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Tek S\u00fctun \u0130\u00e7in SELECT DISTINCT Kullan\u0131m\u0131 Veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda tekrar eden verilerle bo\u011fu\u015fuyor ve yaln\u0131zca benzersiz kay\u0131tlar\u0131 almak&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26969","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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