{"id":26811,"date":"2025-08-01T03:15:23","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T00:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-dizideki-yinelenen-degerleri-kaldirma\/"},"modified":"2025-08-01T03:15:23","modified_gmt":"2025-08-01T00:15:23","slug":"postgresql-dizideki-yinelenen-degerleri-kaldirma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-dizideki-yinelenen-degerleri-kaldirma\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Dizideki Yinelenen De\u011ferleri Kald\u0131rma"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL Dizilerinden Yinelenen De\u011ferleri Kald\u0131rma<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda dizi t\u00fcr\u00fcnde veriler sakl\u0131yor ve bu dizilerde yinelenen de\u011ferlerden kurtulman\u0131z m\u0131 gerekiyor?  Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de dizi i\u00e7indeki yinelenen de\u011ferleri kald\u0131rman\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemlerini, ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rneklerini i\u00e7eren kapsaml\u0131 bir rehber sunuyor.  Yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar herkesin anlayabilece\u011fi \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak verimli ve performansl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL Dizileri ve Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL, ili\u015fkisel veritaban\u0131 y\u00f6netim sistemlerinde (RDBMS) karma\u015f\u0131k veri yap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netmek i\u00e7in dizi t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc destekler. Diziler, ayn\u0131 veri t\u00fcr\u00fcnden birden fazla de\u011feri tek bir s\u00fctunda saklaman\u0131za olanak tan\u0131r.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir kullan\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n favori renklerini <code class=\"language-\">{k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131, mavi, ye\u015fil, k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131}<\/code> \u015feklinde bir dizi i\u00e7inde saklayabiliriz. Ancak, bu dizide &#8220;k\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131&#8221; de\u011ferinin iki kez yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcyoruz. Bu t\u00fcr durumlarda, yinelenen de\u011ferleri temizlemek, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc sa\u011flamak ve verimli sorgulamalar yapmak i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.  Bu makalede, PostgreSQL&#8217;deki dizi manip\u00fclasyon tekniklerini kullanarak bu sorunu nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011finizi \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Yinelenen De\u011ferleri Kald\u0131rma: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulama (Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar \u0130\u00e7in)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in, basit bir diziyi ele alarak ba\u015flayal\u0131m.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte, <code class=\"language-\">{1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5}<\/code> dizisinden yinelenen de\u011ferleri kald\u0131raca\u011f\u0131z.  Bunun i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">unnest<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">array_agg<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 1: Diziyi ayr\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">unnest<\/code> fonksiyonu, diziyi tek tek elemanlara ay\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT unnest('{1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5}'::integer[]);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 2: Benzersiz de\u011ferleri se\u00e7me:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">DISTINCT<\/code> anahtar kelimesi, yinelenen de\u011ferleri filtreler.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT DISTINCT unnest('{1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5}'::integer[]);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Ad\u0131m 3: Benzersiz de\u011ferleri yeniden bir diziye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrme:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">array_agg<\/code> fonksiyonu, se\u00e7ilen benzersiz de\u011ferleri tekrar bir diziye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT array_agg(DISTINCT unnest('{1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5}'::integer[])) AS unique_array;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}<\/code> sonucunu verecektir.  Bu basit y\u00f6ntem, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck diziler i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a etkilidir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya \u00d6rne\u011fi ve Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131 (Orta Seviye)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinin \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorilerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim.  Her \u00fcr\u00fcn birden fazla kategoriye ait olabilir ve bu kategoriler bir dizi olarak saklanabilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn kategorileri <code class=\"language-\">{Elektronik, Bilgisayar, Diz\u00fcst\u00fc, Elektronik}<\/code> olabilir.  Yinelenen &#8220;Elektronik&#8221; de\u011ferini kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in yukar\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemi kullanabiliriz, ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in performans sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015fayabiliriz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksleme:<\/strong>  E\u011fer dizi s\u00fctunu \u00fczerinde s\u0131k s\u0131k sorgulama yap\u0131yorsan\u0131z, uygun bir indeks olu\u015fturmak performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilir. Ancak, PostgreSQL&#8217;de dizi s\u00fctunlar\u0131na indeksleme genellikle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 fayda sa\u011flar.  Alternatif olarak, diziyi normalle\u015ftirip ayr\u0131 bir tabloda saklayarak performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz. Bu, daha karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulamalar\u0131 basitle\u015ftirir ve indeksleme i\u00e7in daha fazla f\u0131rsat sunar.<br \/>\n* <strong>Par\u00e7al\u0131 \u0130\u015flem:<\/strong> \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck diziler i\u00e7in, diziyi daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck par\u00e7alara b\u00f6l\u00fcp her par\u00e7ay\u0131 ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 i\u015fleyerek performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz.<br \/>\n* <strong>Fonksiyonel \u0130ndeksler:<\/strong> Baz\u0131 durumlarda, fonksiyonel indeksler kullanarak performans\u0131 optimize edebilirsiniz.  Bu, belirli bir fonksiyonun sonucuna g\u00f6re indeks olu\u015fturmay\u0131 i\u00e7erir.  Ancak, fonksiyonel indekslerin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve bak\u0131m\u0131 maliyetli olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi ve \u00d6zel Durumlar (\u0130leri Seviye)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Y\u00fcksek hacimli verilerle \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, performans kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r.  Yinelenen de\u011ferleri kald\u0131rma i\u015fleminin performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek ve olas\u0131 darbo\u011fazlar\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutunu kullanabiliriz.  Bu, sorgunun y\u00fcr\u00fctme plan\u0131n\u0131 ve her ad\u0131m\u0131n s\u00fcresini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6zel Durumlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Bo\u015f Diziler:<\/strong> Bo\u015f diziler (<code class=\"language-\">{}<\/code>) i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir durum kontrol\u00fc eklemek gerekebilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Karma\u015f\u0131k Veri T\u00fcrleri:<\/strong> Dizi i\u00e7inde karma\u015f\u0131k veri t\u00fcrleri (\u00f6rne\u011fin, JSON nesneleri) varsa, yinelenen de\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel fonksiyonlar kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u00c7ok B\u00fcy\u00fck Diziler:<\/strong>  \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck diziler i\u00e7in, yukar\u0131da bahsedilen par\u00e7al\u0131 i\u015flem y\u00f6ntemini veya alternatif bir yakla\u015f\u0131m olan diziyi normalle\u015ftirmeyi tercih etmelisiniz.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin,  bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00f6zelliklerini i\u00e7eren bir diziyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.  Bu dizi \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck olabilir ve yinelenen de\u011ferlerin tespiti ve kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 uzun s\u00fcrebilir.  Bu durumda, diziyi normalle\u015ftirmek ve her \u00f6zelli\u011fi ayr\u0131 bir sat\u0131rda saklamak daha verimli olabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL Dizilerinde Yinelenen De\u011ferleri Kald\u0131rma \u0130\u00e7in Fonksiyon Yazma<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Performans\u0131 optimize etmek ve kodun okunabilirli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in, yinelenen de\u011ferleri kald\u0131ran bir fonksiyon yazabilirsiniz.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki \u00f6rnek, bir PostgreSQL fonksiyonu g\u00f6stermektedir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION remove_duplicates(input_array integer[])\nRETURNS integer[] AS $$\nDECLARE\n  unique_array integer[];\nBEGIN\n  SELECT array_agg(DISTINCT unnest(input_array)) INTO unique_array;\n  RETURN unique_array;\nEND;\n$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;\n\nSELECT remove_duplicates('{1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5}'); -- {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} sonucunu verir.<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu fonksiyon, verilen diziyi al\u0131r ve yinelenen de\u011ferleri kald\u0131rarak benzersiz de\u011ferlerden olu\u015fan bir dizi d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.  Bu fonksiyonu, sorgular\u0131n\u0131zda do\u011frudan kullanabilirsiniz.  Daha karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolar i\u00e7in, fonksiyonun parametrelerini ve i\u015flevselli\u011fini geni\u015fletebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  Basit bir dizi \u00f6rne\u011fi ile <code class=\"language-\">unnest<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">DISTINCT<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">array_agg<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, basit kod \u00f6rnekleri verilerek temel kavramlar anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r bir \u015fekilde sunulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131 (e-ticaret \u00f6rne\u011fi) ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 (indeksleme, par\u00e7al\u0131 i\u015flem) verilmi\u015ftir.  Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, daha karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolar\u0131 ele alarak ve optimizasyon stratejilerini a\u00e7\u0131klayarak \u00f6\u011frenmeyi bir \u00fcst seviyeye ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong> Performans analizi (<code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code>), \u00f6zel durumlar (bo\u015f diziler, karma\u015f\u0131k veri t\u00fcrleri, \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck diziler) ve fonksiyon yazma teknikleri detayl\u0131 olarak incelenmi\u015ftir.  Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcm, performans odakl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirmeyi ve \u00f6zel durumlarla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de dizilerden yinelenen de\u011ferleri kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler mevcuttur.  Se\u00e7ilecek y\u00f6ntem, verilerin boyutuna, yap\u0131s\u0131na ve performans gereksinimlerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  Bu makalede, basit y\u00f6ntemlerden performans odakl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlere kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede teknikler ele al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  Uygun y\u00f6ntemleri se\u00e7erek, veritaban\u0131n\u0131zdaki veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc koruyabilir ve sorgulama performans\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 optimize edebilirsiniz.  Daha fazla PostgreSQL ipucu ve teknikleri i\u00e7in [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>Dizilerim \u00e7ok b\u00fcy\u00fckse ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong> \u00c7ok b\u00fcy\u00fck diziler i\u00e7in diziyi normalle\u015ftirmek veya par\u00e7al\u0131 i\u015flem y\u00f6ntemini kullanman\u0131z \u00f6nerilir.<br \/>\n2. <strong>Dizi i\u00e7inde karma\u015f\u0131k veri t\u00fcrleri varsa ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong> Karma\u015f\u0131k veri t\u00fcrleri i\u00e7in yinelenen de\u011ferleri kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in \u00f6zel fonksiyonlar kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir.<br \/>\n3. <strong>Performans\u0131 nas\u0131l optimize edebilirim?<\/strong> \u0130ndeksleme, par\u00e7al\u0131 i\u015flem ve fonksiyonel indeksler performans\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir.<br \/>\n4. <strong>Bo\u015f dizilerle nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kabilirim?<\/strong> Bo\u015f diziler i\u00e7in \u00f6zel bir durum kontrol\u00fc eklemeniz gerekebilir.<br \/>\n5. <strong>Yinelenen de\u011ferleri kald\u0131rmak i\u00e7in hangi fonksiyonlar\u0131 kullanabilirim?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">unnest<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">DISTINCT<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">array_agg<\/code> ve kendi yazd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z fonksiyonlar kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL Dizilerinden Yinelenen De\u011ferleri Kald\u0131rma PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda dizi t\u00fcr\u00fcnde veriler sakl\u0131yor ve bu dizilerde yinelenen de\u011ferlerden kurtulman\u0131z&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26811","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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