{"id":26766,"date":"2025-07-31T09:17:38","date_gmt":"2025-07-31T06:17:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-sutun-sayi-iceren-satirlari-secme\/"},"modified":"2025-07-31T09:17:38","modified_gmt":"2025-07-31T06:17:38","slug":"postgresql-sutun-sayi-iceren-satirlari-secme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-sutun-sayi-iceren-satirlari-secme\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: S\u00fctun Say\u0131 \u0130\u00e7eren Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7me"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL: S\u00fctun \u0130\u00e7inde Say\u0131 Bulma Rehberi<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda bir s\u00fctunun i\u00e7inde say\u0131 i\u00e7eren sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7mek mi istiyorsunuz?  Bu, \u00fcr\u00fcn kodlar\u0131n\u0131, sipari\u015f numaralar\u0131n\u0131 veya di\u011fer say\u0131sal verileri i\u00e7eren veritabanlar\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan bir sorundur. Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de bu i\u015flemi nas\u0131l yapaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7 seviyesinden ileri seviyeye kadar ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya \u00f6rnekleriyle ve performans optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r.  Veritaban\u0131n\u0131zdaki de\u011ferli zaman\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 en verimli \u015fekilde kullanman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacak pratik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu rehber, PostgreSQL&#8217;de s\u00fctun i\u00e7inde say\u0131 bulma konusunda farkl\u0131 seviyelerdeki kullan\u0131c\u0131lar i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki yol haritas\u0131n\u0131 takip ederek, yeteneklerinizi geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  Temel <code class=\"language-\">LIKE<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve basit \u00f6rnekler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong>  Daha karma\u015f\u0131k desen e\u015fle\u015ftirme i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli ifadeler (<code class=\"language-\">regexp_like<\/code>) ve ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131. Optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong>  Performans analizi, karma\u015f\u0131k desen e\u015fle\u015ftirme senaryolar\u0131 ve s\u0131n\u0131r durumlar\u0131 (edge cases).<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Say\u0131 \u0130\u00e7eren Sat\u0131rlar\u0131 Se\u00e7me: Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de bir s\u00fctunun i\u00e7inde say\u0131 i\u00e7eren sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 y\u00f6ntem mevcuttur.  En basit y\u00f6ntem, <code class=\"language-\">LIKE<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmakt\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">LIKE<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, belirli bir desenle e\u015fle\u015fen sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  Say\u0131sal de\u011ferler i\u00e7in, <code class=\"language-\">%<\/code> karakterini (y\u00fczde i\u015fareti) kullanarak herhangi bir say\u0131 dizisini temsil edebiliriz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?  <code class=\"language-\">LIKE<\/code> Operat\u00f6r\u00fc ile Say\u0131 Arama<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code> s\u00fctununda say\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00fcr\u00fcn adlar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT urun_adi\nFROM urunler\nWHERE urun_adi LIKE '%1%';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code> s\u00fctununda &#8220;1&#8221; rakam\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren t\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7er.  <code class=\"language-\">%<\/code> karakteri, &#8220;1&#8221; rakam\u0131ndan \u00f6nce veya sonra herhangi bir karakter dizisinin olabilece\u011fini belirtir.  Benzer \u015fekilde, di\u011fer rakamlar i\u00e7in de bu sorguyu de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> tablosunda  <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code> s\u00fctununda &#8220;K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 123&#8221;, &#8220;Mavi 45&#8221;, &#8220;Ye\u015fil Kalem&#8221;, &#8220;Sar\u0131 7&#8221; gibi veriler oldu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Yukar\u0131daki sorgu &#8220;K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 123&#8221;, &#8220;Mavi 45&#8221; ve &#8220;Sar\u0131 7&#8221; sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntem basittir, ancak sadece tam say\u0131lar\u0131n tespitinde etkilidir. Ondal\u0131kl\u0131 say\u0131lar veya daha karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131sal desenler i\u00e7in yeterli olmayabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r? D\u00fczenli \u0130fadeler (Regular Expressions) ile Geli\u015fmi\u015f Arama<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Daha karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131sal desenleri bulmak i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli ifadeler (regular expressions) kullanabiliriz.  PostgreSQL&#8217;de <code class=\"language-\">regexp_like<\/code> fonksiyonu bu ama\u00e7la kullan\u0131labilir.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT urun_adi\nFROM urunler\nWHERE urun_adi ~ '\\d+';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code> s\u00fctununda en az bir rakam i\u00e7eren t\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7er. <code class=\"language-\">\\d+<\/code> d\u00fczenli ifadesi, bir veya daha fazla rakam\u0131 (<code class=\"language-\">\\d<\/code>) temsil eder.  <code class=\"language-\">~<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc, d\u00fczenli ifade e\u015fle\u015fmesini g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek:<\/strong>  E\u011fer <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code> s\u00fctununda &#8220;\u00dcr\u00fcn Kodu: 12345&#8221;, &#8220;Model A12B&#8221;, &#8220;100 TL&#8221;, &#8220;Fiyat: 9.99&#8221; gibi veriler varsa, bu sorgu t\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya \u00d6rne\u011fi: Sipari\u015f Numara Analizi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinin sipari\u015f veritaban\u0131n\u0131 ele alal\u0131m.  <code class=\"language-\">siparisler<\/code> tablosunda <code class=\"language-\">siparis_no<\/code> s\u00fctunu bulunmaktad\u0131r ve bu s\u00fctun sipari\u015f numaralar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.  Sipari\u015f numaralar\u0131 genellikle say\u0131sal de\u011ferlerdir, ancak baz\u0131 durumlarda \u00f6zel karakterler de i\u00e7erebilirler.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, baz\u0131 sipari\u015f numaralar\u0131 &#8220;ORD-12345&#8221;, &#8220;SIP-67890&#8221; gibi bir \u00f6n ek i\u00e7erebilir.<\/p>\n<p>Bu durumda, sipari\u015f numaralar\u0131nda say\u0131sal bir de\u011fer i\u00e7eren t\u00fcm sipari\u015fleri se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT siparis_no\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_no ~ '\\d+';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, sipari\u015f numaras\u0131nda en az bir rakam bulunan t\u00fcm sipari\u015fleri se\u00e7er.  Daha spesifik bir e\u015fle\u015fme i\u00e7in, d\u00fczenli ifadeleri daha detayl\u0131 olarak kullanabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, sadece &#8220;ORD-&#8221; \u00f6n ekli sipari\u015f numaralar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT siparis_no\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_no ~ '^ORD-\\d+$';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu,  &#8220;^ORD-\\d+$&#8221; d\u00fczenli ifadesini kullanarak sadece &#8220;ORD-&#8221; ile ba\u015flayan ve sadece rakamlarla devam eden sipari\u015f numaralar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7er.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Optimizasyonu: \u0130ndeks Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck veritabanlar\u0131nda, <code class=\"language-\">LIKE<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">regexp_like<\/code> operat\u00f6rlerini kullanarak arama yapmak performans sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir.  Performans\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in indeks kullan\u0131m\u0131 \u00f6nemlidir.  <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">siparis_no<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131na bir indeks eklemek, arama i\u015flemlerinin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>CREATE INDEX idx_urun_adi ON urunler (urun_adi);\nCREATE INDEX idx_siparis_no ON siparisler (siparis_no);<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Ancak, d\u00fczenli ifadeler kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda indeks kullan\u0131m\u0131 her zaman etkili olmayabilir. PostgreSQL, d\u00fczenli ifadeleri optimize etmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli stratejiler kullan\u0131r, ancak karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczenli ifadeler indeks kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 engelleyebilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri D\u00fczey Teknikler:  Karma\u015f\u0131k Desen E\u015fle\u015ftirme ve S\u0131n\u0131r Durumlar\u0131 (Edge Cases)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 durumlarda, daha karma\u015f\u0131k say\u0131sal desenleri tespit etmek gerekebilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, ondal\u0131k say\u0131lar\u0131 veya belirli bir formatta olan say\u0131lar\u0131 se\u00e7mek isteyebilirsiniz.  Bu durumlarda, daha karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczenli ifadeler kullanman\u0131z gerekebilir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, ondal\u0131k say\u0131lar\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki d\u00fczenli ifadeyi kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT urun_adi\nFROM urunler\nWHERE urun_adi ~ '\\d+\\.\\d+';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu d\u00fczenli ifade, bir veya daha fazla rakam (<code class=\"language-\">\\d+<\/code>), ard\u0131ndan bir nokta (<code class=\"language-\">.<\/code>) ve ard\u0131ndan bir veya daha fazla rakam (<code class=\"language-\">\\d+<\/code>) olan desenleri arar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi ve Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.  <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutu, sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterir ve sorguyu optimize etmek i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011finiz bilgileri sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>EXPLAIN SELECT urun_adi FROM urunler WHERE urun_adi ~ '\\d+';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Performans\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksler:<\/strong> Uygun s\u00fctunlara indeks ekleyin.<br \/>\n* <strong>D\u00fczenli \u0130fadeler:<\/strong> Gereksiz yere karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczenli ifadeler kullanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <strong>Veri Tipleri:<\/strong>  Say\u0131sal veriler i\u00e7in uygun veri tiplerini kullan\u0131n.<br \/>\n* <strong>Par\u00e7alama (Partitioning):<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar\u0131 par\u00e7alara ay\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de bir s\u00fctun i\u00e7inde say\u0131 i\u00e7eren sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler mevcuttur.  <code class=\"language-\">LIKE<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc basit durumlar i\u00e7in uygundur, ancak daha karma\u015f\u0131k durumlar i\u00e7in d\u00fczenli ifadeler kullanmak daha etkilidir.  Performans optimizasyonu i\u00e7in indeks kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve sorgu plan\u0131 analizi \u00f6nemlidir.  Bu makalede ele al\u0131nan y\u00f6ntemleri ve ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak, PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zdaki say\u0131sal verileri daha verimli bir \u015fekilde i\u015fleyebilirsiniz.  Daha fazla bilgi ve ileri d\u00fczey PostgreSQL teknikleri i\u00e7in [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">LIKE<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">regexp_like<\/code> aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">LIKE<\/code> basit desen e\u015fle\u015ftirmeleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, <code class=\"language-\">regexp_like<\/code> daha karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczenli ifadeleri destekler.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>D\u00fczenli ifadeler performans\u0131 nas\u0131l etkiler?<\/strong> Karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczenli ifadeler performans\u0131 olumsuz etkileyebilir.  Basit ve hedeflenen ifadeler kullanmaya \u00f6zen g\u00f6sterin.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>\u0130ndeks kullan\u0131m\u0131 ne zaman etkilidir?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">LIKE<\/code> operat\u00f6r\u00fc ile basit desen e\u015fle\u015ftirmelerinde indeks kullan\u0131m\u0131 etkili olabilir.  Ancak, karma\u015f\u0131k d\u00fczenli ifadelerde indeks kullan\u0131m\u0131 her zaman etkili olmayabilir.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de say\u0131sal verileri nas\u0131l daha verimli bir \u015fekilde saklayabilirim?<\/strong> Uygun veri tiplerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">INTEGER<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">NUMERIC<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">FLOAT<\/code>) kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>B\u00fcy\u00fck veritabanlar\u0131nda performans\u0131 nas\u0131l iyile\u015ftirebilirim?<\/strong>  \u0130ndeksleme, par\u00e7alama (partitioning) ve sorgu optimizasyonu tekniklerini kullan\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL: S\u00fctun \u0130\u00e7inde Say\u0131 Bulma Rehberi PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda bir s\u00fctunun i\u00e7inde say\u0131 i\u00e7eren sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7mek mi istiyorsunuz?&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26766","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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