{"id":26602,"date":"2025-07-27T21:15:24","date_gmt":"2025-07-27T18:15:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-where-kosulu-ile-toplama-fonksiyonunun-kullanimi\/"},"modified":"2025-07-27T21:15:24","modified_gmt":"2025-07-27T18:15:24","slug":"postgresql-where-kosulu-ile-toplama-fonksiyonunun-kullanimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-where-kosulu-ile-toplama-fonksiyonunun-kullanimi\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: WHERE Ko\u015fulu ile Toplama Fonksiyonunun Kullan\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de WHERE ile Toplama Fonksiyonlar\u0131 Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulamalar yapman\u0131z ve verileri \u00f6zetlemeniz gerekiyorsa, toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131yla birlikte kullanman\u0131z ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131r.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, belirli bir tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda yap\u0131lan toplam sat\u0131\u015flar\u0131 hesaplamak veya belirli bir \u015fehirdeki m\u00fc\u015fterilerin ortalama ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131 bulmak gibi i\u015flemler i\u00e7in bu teknik hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131yla nas\u0131l etkili ve verimli bir \u015fekilde kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r.  PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6zelliklerini kullanarak verilerinizi analiz etmeyi ve anlaml\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar elde etmeyi \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 WHERE ile kullanma konusunda yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar herkese hitap edecek \u015fekilde tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 izleyerek konuyu ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011frenebilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  Basit SELECT sorgular\u0131 ve temel toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131 (SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX) ile ba\u015flay\u0131p, bunlar\u0131 basit WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131yla birle\u015ftirece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131na dayal\u0131 \u00f6rneklerle, daha karma\u015f\u0131k WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve birden fazla toplama fonksiyonunun ayn\u0131 sorgu i\u00e7inde kullan\u0131m\u0131 ele al\u0131nacakt\u0131r.  Sorgu optimizasyonu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 da verilecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong>  Performans analizi teknikleri, karma\u015f\u0131k alt sorgular\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve potansiyel performans darbo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l tespit edilip \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fi incelenecektir.  Nadir g\u00f6r\u00fclen durumlar (edge cases) ve bunlar\u0131n nas\u0131l ele al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131 \u00fczerinde duraca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Temel Toplama Fonksiyonlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL, verileri \u00f6zetlemek i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc toplama fonksiyonu sunar.  En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lanlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>SUM():<\/strong>  Belirtilen s\u00fctunun de\u011ferlerinin toplam\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar.  Say\u0131sal s\u00fctunlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n* <strong>AVG():<\/strong> Belirtilen s\u00fctunun de\u011ferlerinin ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar. Say\u0131sal s\u00fctunlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n* <strong>COUNT():<\/strong> Belirtilen s\u00fctun veya sat\u0131r say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar.  <code class=\"language-\">COUNT(*)<\/code> t\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131 sayar, <code class=\"language-\">COUNT(s\u00fctun_ad\u0131)<\/code> ise NULL olmayan de\u011ferleri sayar.<br \/>\n* <strong>MIN():<\/strong> Belirtilen s\u00fctunun en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck de\u011ferini bulur.<br \/>\n* <strong>MAX():<\/strong> Belirtilen s\u00fctunun en b\u00fcy\u00fck de\u011ferini bulur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>WHERE Ko\u015fullar\u0131yla Toplama Fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 Birle\u015ftirme: Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar \u0130\u00e7in<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi, basit bir \u00f6rnek ile ba\u015flayal\u0131m.  <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir tablo oldu\u011funu ve bu tablonun <code class=\"language-\">urun_adi<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">fiyat<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">kategori<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini varsayal\u0131m.  &#8220;Elektronik&#8221; kategorisindeki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin toplam fiyat\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT SUM(fiyat) AS toplam_fiyat\nFROM urunler\nWHERE kategori = 'Elektronik';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> tablosundan <code class=\"language-\">kategori<\/code> s\u00fctunu &#8216;Elektronik&#8217; olan sat\u0131rlar\u0131 se\u00e7er ve bu sat\u0131rlardaki <code class=\"language-\">fiyat<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar. <code class=\"language-\">AS toplam_fiyat<\/code> ifadesi, sonu\u00e7 s\u00fctununa anlaml\u0131 bir isim verir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek Hayatta Toplama Fonksiyonlar\u0131 ve WHERE Ko\u015fullar\u0131: Orta Seviye<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret \u015firketinin veritaban\u0131n\u0131 ele alal\u0131m.  <code class=\"language-\">siparisler<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir tablo olsun ve bu tabloda <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">musteri_id<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">toplam_tutar<\/code> gibi s\u00fctunlar bulunsun.  \u015eirket, 2023 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Ocak ay\u0131 i\u00e7in toplam ciroyu ve ortalama sipari\u015f tutar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenmek istiyor.  Bu sorgu \u015fu \u015fekilde yaz\u0131labilir:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT \n    SUM(toplam_tutar) AS toplam_ciro,\n    AVG(toplam_tutar) AS ortalama_siparis_tutari\nFROM siparisler\nWHERE siparis_tarihi BETWEEN '2023-01-01' AND '2023-01-31';<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, iki farkl\u0131 toplama fonksiyonunu ayn\u0131 anda kullan\u0131r ve <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> ko\u015fulu ile belirli bir tarih aral\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 filtreler.  Bu \u00f6rnek, ger\u00e7ek hayatta kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131labilecek daha karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulama senaryolar\u0131na iyi bir \u00f6rnektir.  <strong>Optimizasyon ipucu:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">siparis_tarihi<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks eklemek, sorgunun performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Karma\u015f\u0131k Sorgular ve Alt Sorgular: \u0130leri Seviye<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi daha karma\u015f\u0131k bir senaryo ele alal\u0131m.  <code class=\"language-\">musteriler<\/code> ad\u0131nda bir tablomuz olsun ve bu tabloda <code class=\"language-\">musteri_id<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">sehir<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">yas<\/code> gibi s\u00fctunlar bulunsun.  &#8220;\u0130stanbul&#8221; \u015fehrinde ya\u015fayan m\u00fc\u015fterilerin ortalama ya\u015f\u0131n\u0131, ancak sadece 30 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fterileri dikkate alarak hesaplamak istiyoruz.  Bunun i\u00e7in alt sorgu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT AVG(yas) AS ortalama_yas\nFROM (\n    SELECT yas\n    FROM musteriler\n    WHERE sehir = '\u0130stanbul' AND yas &gt; 30\n) AS istanbul_musterileri;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, \u00f6ncelikle <code class=\"language-\">\u0130stanbul<\/code> \u015fehrinde ya\u015fayan ve 30 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck m\u00fc\u015fterilerin ya\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7en bir alt sorgu kullan\u0131r.  Daha sonra, bu alt sorgunun sonucunda elde edilen ya\u015flar\u0131n ortalamas\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar.  <strong>Edge Case:<\/strong> E\u011fer &#8220;\u0130stanbul&#8221; \u015fehrinde 30 ya\u015f\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck hi\u00e7bir m\u00fc\u015fteri yoksa, <code class=\"language-\">AVG()<\/code> fonksiyonu <code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> d\u00f6nd\u00fcrecektir.  Bu durumu kontrol etmek ve uygun bir de\u011fer d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE()<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT COALESCE(AVG(yas), 0) AS ortalama_yas  -- NULL ise 0 d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr\nFROM (\n    SELECT yas\n    FROM musteriler\n    WHERE sehir = '\u0130stanbul' AND yas &gt; 30\n) AS istanbul_musterileri;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi:<\/strong>  Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutunu kullanabilirsiniz.  <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN SELECT ...<\/code> komutu, sorgunun nas\u0131l y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclece\u011fini g\u00f6steren bir plan sunar.  Bu plan, sorgunun performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in indeksleme gibi optimizasyon stratejileri belirlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Optimizasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131 ve WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131rken performans\u0131 optimize etmek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 \u00f6nemli strateji vard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksleme:<\/strong> S\u0131k\u00e7a filtreleme yap\u0131lan s\u00fctunlara indeks eklemek, sorgular\u0131n daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<br \/>\n* <strong>WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 optimize etme:<\/strong> Gereksiz ko\u015fullardan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n ve ko\u015fullar\u0131 en etkili \u015fekilde d\u00fczenleyin.<br \/>\n* <strong>Alt sorgular\u0131 optimize etme:<\/strong> Alt sorgular performans\u0131 olumsuz etkileyebilir.  M\u00fcmk\u00fcnse, alt sorgular yerine JOIN i\u015flemleri kullanmay\u0131 deneyin.<br \/>\n* <strong>Veri tiplerini do\u011fru se\u00e7me:<\/strong>  Uygun veri tipleri se\u00e7mek, depolama alan\u0131n\u0131 ve sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirebilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Analizler:<\/strong> PostgreSQL&#8217;in <code class=\"language-\">ANALYZE<\/code> komutu, istatistiksel bilgileri g\u00fcnceller ve sorgu planlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n daha iyi kararlar vermesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<p><strong>GROUP BY ile Toplama Fonksiyonlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> c\u00fcmleci\u011fi ile birle\u015ftirerek, verileri gruplara ay\u0131rarak her grup i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 toplama i\u015flemleri yapabilirsiniz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, her kategori i\u00e7in \u00fcr\u00fcn say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak i\u00e7in:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT kategori, COUNT(*) AS urun_sayisi\nFROM urunler\nGROUP BY kategori;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131yla birlikte kullanmak, verileri analiz etmek ve \u00f6zetlemek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.  Bu makalede, temel kavramlardan ileri d\u00fczey tekniklere kadar geni\u015f bir yelpazede bilgi verildi.  Uygulama \u00f6rnekleri ve optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 ile verilerinizi daha etkili bir \u015fekilde analiz edebilirsiniz.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in [Fatih Soysal&#8217;\u0131n bloguna](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular (SSS)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong>WHERE ko\u015fulunda NULL de\u011ferleri nas\u0131l ele alabilirim?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">IS NULL<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">IS NOT NULL<\/code> ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>Birden fazla WHERE ko\u015fulu nas\u0131l kullanabilirim?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">AND<\/code> veya <code class=\"language-\">OR<\/code> mant\u0131k operat\u00f6rlerini kullanarak birden fazla ko\u015ful belirleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>Toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc de\u011ferler NULL olabilir mi?<\/strong> Evet, e\u011fer ilgili sat\u0131r bulunmazsa veya toplama i\u015flemi yap\u0131lacak veri yoksa NULL d\u00f6nd\u00fcrebilirler. <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE()<\/code> fonksiyonu ile bunu y\u00f6netebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>Performans sorunlar\u0131 ya\u015farsam ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutu ile sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131 inceleyin, indeksleri kontrol edin ve gerekti\u011finde sorguyu yeniden yaz\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong>GROUP BY ile HAVING c\u00fcmleci\u011fini nas\u0131l kullanabilirim?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">HAVING<\/code> c\u00fcmleci\u011fi, <code class=\"language-\">GROUP BY<\/code> ile olu\u015fturulan gruplar \u00fczerinde filtreleme yapman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de WHERE ile Toplama Fonksiyonlar\u0131 Kullan\u0131m\u0131 PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulamalar yapman\u0131z ve verileri \u00f6zetlemeniz gerekiyorsa, toplama fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26602","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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