{"id":26522,"date":"2025-07-26T15:15:23","date_gmt":"2025-07-26T12:15:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-sira-nasil-hesaplanir\/"},"modified":"2025-07-26T15:15:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-26T12:15:23","slug":"postgresql-gruplara-gore-sira-nasil-hesaplanir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-gruplara-gore-sira-nasil-hesaplanir\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Gruplara G\u00f6re S\u0131ra Nas\u0131l Hesaplan\u0131r"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Grup Baz\u0131nda S\u0131ralaman\u0131n Hesaplanmas\u0131<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda, belirli bir grup i\u00e7indeki sat\u0131rlar\u0131n s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l belirleyebilirsiniz?  \u00d6rne\u011fin, her bir \u015fubedeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n maa\u015f s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 veya her bir \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorisindeki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sat\u0131\u015f s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l hesaplars\u0131n\u0131z? Bu makale, PostgreSQL&#8217;de grup baz\u0131nda s\u0131ralama i\u015flemlerini ad\u0131m ad\u0131m, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri seviye kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar kapsayacak \u015fekilde a\u00e7\u0131klayacakt\u0131r.  PostgreSQL&#8217;in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bu sorunu nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6zebilece\u011finizi ve performans\u0131 nas\u0131l optimize edebilece\u011finizi \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonunun temel kullan\u0131m\u0131, basit bir \u00f6rnek ve ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klama.<br \/>\n* <strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131, <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong> Performans analizi, karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulamalar,  <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> maddelerinin etkisi,  edge case&#8217;ler ve \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Grup Baz\u0131nda S\u0131ralaman\u0131n Temelleri: <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> Fonksiyonu Nedir?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de grup baz\u0131nda s\u0131ralama i\u015flemleri, pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilir.  En yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131ndan biri <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonudur.  <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code>, her bir grup i\u00e7indeki sat\u0131rlara, belirtilen s\u0131raya g\u00f6re bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atar.  Ayn\u0131 s\u0131rada bulunan sat\u0131rlara ayn\u0131 s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 verilir ve bir sonraki s\u0131ra numaras\u0131, atlama yap\u0131larak atan\u0131r.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, \u00fc\u00e7 sat\u0131r\u0131n ayn\u0131 s\u0131rada olmas\u0131 durumunda, s\u0131ra numaralar\u0131 1, 1, 1 \u015feklinde atan\u0131r ve bir sonraki sat\u0131ra 4 numaras\u0131 verilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Basit Bir \u00d6rnek:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki tabloda, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n departmanlar\u0131 ve maa\u015flar\u0131 yer almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>| \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan_id | departman | maas |<br \/>\n|&#8212;|&#8212;|&#8212;|<br \/>\n| 1 | Sat\u0131\u015f | 50000 |<br \/>\n| 2 | Sat\u0131\u015f | 60000 |<br \/>\n| 3 | Sat\u0131\u015f | 60000 |<br \/>\n| 4 | Pazarlama | 70000 |<br \/>\n| 5 | Pazarlama | 80000 |<br \/>\n| 6 | Pazarlama | 70000 |<\/p>\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki SQL sorgusu, her bir departmandaki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n maa\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 hesaplar:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    calisan_id,\n    departman,\n    maas,\n    RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY departman ORDER BY maas DESC) as sira\nFROM\n    calisanlar;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> maddesi ile verileri departmanlara g\u00f6re gruplar ve <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> maddesi ile her bir grup i\u00e7indeki \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 maa\u015flar\u0131na g\u00f6re azalan s\u0131rada s\u0131ralar.  <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonu, her bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana s\u0131ras\u0131n\u0131 atar.  Sonu\u00e7 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki gibi olacakt\u0131r:<\/p>\n<p>| \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan_id | departman | maas | sira |<br \/>\n|&#8212;|&#8212;|&#8212;|&#8212;|<br \/>\n| 5 | Pazarlama | 80000 | 1 |<br \/>\n| 4 | Pazarlama | 70000 | 2 |<br \/>\n| 6 | Pazarlama | 70000 | 2 |<br \/>\n| 2 | Sat\u0131\u015f | 60000 | 1 |<br \/>\n| 3 | Sat\u0131\u015f | 60000 | 1 |<br \/>\n| 1 | Sat\u0131\u015f | 50000 | 3 |<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Grup Baz\u0131nda S\u0131ralaman\u0131n \u0130leri Teknikleri: <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonuna ek olarak, PostgreSQL&#8217;de grup baz\u0131nda s\u0131ralama i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131 da kullan\u0131labilir.  <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code>, her bir sat\u0131ra benzersiz bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atar.  Ayn\u0131 s\u0131radaki sat\u0131rlar i\u00e7in bile farkl\u0131 s\u0131ra numaralar\u0131 olu\u015fturur.  <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> ise <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonuna benzer \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ancak ayn\u0131 s\u0131radaki sat\u0131rlar i\u00e7in ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k s\u0131ra numaralar\u0131 atar.  Atlama yapmaz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya \u00d6rne\u011fi: E-Ticaret Sitesi \u00dcr\u00fcn S\u0131ralamas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinde, her bir \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorisindeki \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin sat\u0131\u015f say\u0131s\u0131na g\u00f6re s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 hesaplamak istedi\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim.  <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code>, her \u00fcr\u00fcn i\u00e7in benzersiz bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 verecektir,  <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> ise ayn\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f say\u0131s\u0131na sahip \u00fcr\u00fcnlere ayn\u0131 s\u0131ray\u0131 verecektir.  <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> ise ayn\u0131 sat\u0131\u015f say\u0131s\u0131na sahip \u00fcr\u00fcnlere ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k s\u0131ra numaralar\u0131 atayacakt\u0131r.  Hangi fonksiyonun kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, ihtiyaca g\u00f6re de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    urun_id,\n    kategori,\n    satis_sayisi,\n    RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY kategori ORDER BY satis_sayisi DESC) as rank_sira,\n    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY kategori ORDER BY satis_sayisi DESC) as row_number_sira,\n    DENSE_RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY kategori ORDER BY satis_sayisi DESC) as dense_rank_sira\nFROM\n    urunler;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Grup Baz\u0131nda S\u0131ralaman\u0131n Optimizasyonu<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgulamalarda performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015fanabilir.  \u0130\u015fte baz\u0131 optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksler:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> maddelerinde kullan\u0131lan s\u00fctunlara indeks eklemek sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>WHERE Filtresi:<\/strong>  Gerekli verileri filtrelemek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> maddesini kullan\u0131n.  Bu, i\u015flenecek veri miktar\u0131n\u0131 azaltarak performans\u0131 iyile\u015ftirir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Fonksiyon Se\u00e7imi:<\/strong>  \u0130htiyaca en uygun pencere fonksiyonunu se\u00e7in.  <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131n performanslar\u0131 farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterebilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>Materyalize G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler:<\/strong>  S\u0131k kullan\u0131lan sorgulamalar i\u00e7in materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler olu\u015fturarak performans\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz.  [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) adresinde materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler hakk\u0131nda daha detayl\u0131 bilgi bulabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Grup Baz\u0131nda S\u0131ralaman\u0131n \u0130leri Seviye Teknikleri: Edge Case&#8217;ler ve \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Baz\u0131 durumlarda, beklenmedik sonu\u00e7lar elde edilebilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> de\u011ferler nas\u0131l ele al\u0131n\u0131r?  <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> maddesindeki s\u00fctunlar <code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> i\u00e7erdi\u011finde, <code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> de\u011ferlerin s\u0131ralamas\u0131 veritaban\u0131 sistemine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015febilir.  Bu durumun \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE()<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanarak <code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> de\u011ferleri belirli bir de\u011ferle de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Analizi ve \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;in <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN<\/code> komutu, sorgu plan\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmenize ve performans darbo\u011fazlar\u0131n\u0131 belirlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.  <code class=\"language-\">EXPLAIN ANALYZE<\/code> komutu ise sorguyu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 performans verilerini sa\u011flar.  Bu veriler, optimizasyon stratejileri belirlemenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de grup baz\u0131nda s\u0131ralama i\u015flemleri, pencere fonksiyonlar\u0131 sayesinde kolayca ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir.  <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fru kullanarak ve optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 uygulayarak, verilerinizi etkili bir \u015fekilde s\u0131ralayabilir ve analiz edebilirsiniz.  Ancak, karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolarda performans d\u00fc\u015f\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ya\u015fanabilece\u011fini unutmay\u0131n ve performans analizini ihmal etmeyin.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> maddesi ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/strong>  Verileri belirli gruplara ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.  Her grup i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir s\u0131ralama yap\u0131l\u0131r.<br \/>\n2. <strong><code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY<\/code> maddesi ne i\u015fe yarar?<\/strong>  Her grup i\u00e7indeki sat\u0131rlar\u0131n s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 belirler.<br \/>\n3. <strong><code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code>, <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki fark nedir?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">RANK()<\/code> ayn\u0131 s\u0131radaki sat\u0131rlara ayn\u0131 s\u0131ra numaras\u0131n\u0131 atar, <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> her sat\u0131ra benzersiz bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atar, <code class=\"language-\">DENSE_RANK()<\/code> ise ayn\u0131 s\u0131radaki sat\u0131rlara ard\u0131\u015f\u0131k s\u0131ra numaralar\u0131 atar.<br \/>\n4. <strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de grup baz\u0131nda s\u0131ralama performans\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l optimize edebilirim?<\/strong>  \u0130ndeksler, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> filtresi, uygun fonksiyon se\u00e7imi ve materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler kullanarak.<br \/>\n5. <strong><code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> de\u011ferleri nas\u0131l ele alabilirim?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">COALESCE()<\/code> fonksiyonu ile <code class=\"language-\">NULL<\/code> de\u011ferlerini belirli bir de\u011ferle de\u011fi\u015ftirebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Grup Baz\u0131nda S\u0131ralaman\u0131n Hesaplanmas\u0131 PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda, belirli bir grup i\u00e7indeki sat\u0131rlar\u0131n s\u0131ralamas\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l belirleyebilirsiniz? \u00d6rne\u011fin, her&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-26522","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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