{"id":25748,"date":"2025-07-12T21:45:25","date_gmt":"2025-07-12T18:45:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/"},"modified":"2025-07-12T21:45:25","modified_gmt":"2025-07-12T18:45:25","slug":"bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/","title":{"rendered":"Bash: URL’den Alan Ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma"},"content":{"rendered":"

# Bash ile URL’den Alan Ad\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Komple Rehber<\/p>\n

Bir web geli\u015ftiricisi, sistem y\u00f6neticisi veya veri bilimcisi olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z, URL’lerden alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma ihtiyac\u0131 s\u0131kl\u0131kla kar\u015f\u0131n\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kar. Bu i\u015flem, g\u00fcnl\u00fck i\u015flerinizi otomatikle\u015ftirmek, log dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 analiz etmek veya veri temizli\u011fi yapmak i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu makalede, Bash komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak URL’lerden alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131, yeni ba\u015flayanlardan ileri d\u00fczey kullan\u0131c\u0131lara kadar ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz. Farkl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemleri, performans optimizasyonunu ve olas\u0131 sorunlar\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bu rehber, Bash ile URL’den alan ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmay\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 a\u015famada ele almaktad\u0131r:<\/p>\n

* Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong> Temel kavramlar ve basit bir sed<\/code> komutu ile alan ad\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma.
\n* Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131, grep<\/code>, cut<\/code> ve awk<\/code> komutlar\u0131n\u0131n kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve performans optimizasyon ipu\u00e7lar\u0131.
\n* \u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong> Performans analizi, d\u00fczenli ifadelerin (regex) kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve edge case’lerin (ola\u011fan d\u0131\u015f\u0131 durumlar\u0131n) ele al\u0131nmas\u0131.<\/p>\n

1. Temel Kavramlar: URL Yap\u0131s\u0131 ve Bash Komutlar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bir URL’nin temel yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 anlamak, alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karma i\u015flemini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Genel bir URL \u015fu \u015fekildedir: protokol:\/\/alan_ad\u0131\/yol?parametreler<\/code>. Bizim amac\u0131m\u0131z, alan_ad\u0131<\/code> k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131rmakt\u0131r. Bash, komut sat\u0131r\u0131 aray\u00fcz\u00fcnde komutlar\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir komut yorumlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. sed<\/code>, grep<\/code>, cut<\/code> ve awk<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7lar, metin i\u015flemede olduk\u00e7a kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r. Bu ara\u00e7lar\u0131 kullanarak URL’den alan ad\u0131n\u0131 efektif bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131karabiliriz. Daha fazla Bash komutu \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) sitesini ziyaret edebilirsiniz. (Bu k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6rnek bir ba\u011flant\u0131d\u0131r, ger\u00e7ek bir ba\u011flant\u0131 eklenmelidir.)<\/p>\n

2. Yeni Ba\u015flayanlar \u0130\u00e7in: sed<\/code> ile Basit Alan Ad\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma<\/strong><\/p>\n

En basit y\u00f6ntemlerden biri, sed<\/code> komutunu kullanmakt\u0131r. sed<\/code>, ak\u0131ll\u0131 bir metin ak\u0131\u015f d\u00fczenleyicisidir ve belirli kal\u0131plar\u0131 bulup de\u011fi\u015ftirebilir. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut, http:\/\/<\/code> veya https:\/\/<\/code> ile ba\u015flayan bir URL’den alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r:<\/p>\n

url="https:\/\/www.orneksite.com\/sayfa?param=deger"\necho "$url" | sed 's\/^[^\/]*\\\/\\\/[^\/]*\\\/\/\/'<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, URL’nin ba\u015f\u0131ndan (^<\/code>) iki \/<\/code> i\u015faretine kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131 siler (s\/^[^\/]*\\\/\\\/[^\/]*\\\/\/\/<\/code>).  Sonu\u00e7 olarak sadece www.orneksite.com\/sayfa?param=deger<\/code> kal\u0131r.  Daha sonra bir sonraki \/<\/code> i\u015faretine kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131 alarak domain ad\u0131n\u0131 elde edebiliriz. Bu y\u00f6ntem basittir ancak daha karma\u015f\u0131k URL’ler i\u00e7in yetersiz kalabilir.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rnek:<\/strong>  http:\/\/blog.fatihsoysal.com\/makale<\/code> URL’si i\u00e7in, \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 blog.fatihsoysal.com\/makale<\/code> olacakt\u0131r. Bu \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131y\u0131 daha da iyile\u015ftirmemiz gerekiyor.<\/p>\n
3. Orta Seviye:  cut<\/code>, grep<\/code> ve awk<\/code> ile Geli\u015fmi\u015f \u0130\u015flemler<\/strong><\/p>\n
Daha sa\u011flam bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm i\u00e7in, birden fazla komutu birle\u015ftirebiliriz. \u00d6rne\u011fin, grep<\/code> ile http<\/code> veya https<\/code> protokollerini filtreleyip, cut<\/code> ile alan ad\u0131n\u0131 belirli bir ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6re kesebiliriz.<\/p>\n
url="https:\/\/www.orneksite.com\/sayfa?param=deger"\necho "$url" | grep -oE 'https?:\/\/[^\/]+' | cut -d\/ -f3<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, grep<\/code> kullanarak URL’nin protokol k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 (https?:\/\/<\/code>) ve sonras\u0131nda gelen ilk \/<\/code> i\u015faretine kadar olan k\u0131sm\u0131 al\u0131r.  Sonras\u0131nda cut<\/code> komutu, \/<\/code> i\u015faretini ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 (-d\/<\/code>) olarak kullanarak 3. s\u00fctunu (-f3<\/code>) al\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem daha g\u00fcvenilirdir ancak yine de m\u00fckemmel de\u011fildir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc www.<\/code> gibi \u00f6nekleri i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n
Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya \u00d6rne\u011fi:<\/strong>  Bir log dosyas\u0131nda binlerce URL varsa, bu komutlar ile alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 h\u0131zl\u0131 ve etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u0131karabilirsiniz.  Daha sonra bu alan adlar\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek, hangi sitelerin en \u00e7ok ziyaret edildi\u011fini belirleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Optimizasyon \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131:<\/strong>  xargs<\/code> komutu ile birden fazla URL’yi ayn\u0131 anda i\u015fleyebilirsiniz. Bu, performans\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131rabilir.<\/p>\n
4.  Nas\u0131l Daha G\u00fcvenilir Bir \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm Elde Edilir?  awk<\/code> ile Geli\u015fmi\u015f Alan Ad\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma<\/strong><\/p>\n
awk<\/code> komutu, metin i\u015flemede olduk\u00e7a g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr ve karma\u015f\u0131k kal\u0131plar\u0131 kolayca i\u015fleyebilir.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki awk<\/code> komutu, daha g\u00fcvenilir bir \u015fekilde alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r:<\/p>\n
url="https:\/\/www.orneksite.com\/sayfa?param=deger"\necho "$url" | awk -F\/ '{print $3}' | awk -F. '{print $2"."$3}'<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, \u00f6nce \/<\/code> i\u015faretini ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullanarak 3. s\u00fctunu (alan ad\u0131 ve sonras\u0131) al\u0131r.  Sonra . <\/code> i\u015faretini ay\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak kullanarak  www.<\/code> gibi \u00f6nekleri atlar ve yaln\u0131zca domain ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.<\/p>\n
5. \u0130leri D\u00fczey: D\u00fczenli \u0130fadeler (Regex) ve Edge Case’ler<\/strong><\/p>\n
D\u00fczenli ifadeler (regex), karma\u015f\u0131k metin kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 e\u015fle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.  A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki komut,  daha karma\u015f\u0131k URL’leri de i\u015fleyebilen bir regex kullan\u0131r:<\/p>\n
url="https:\/\/subdomain.orneksite.com\/sayfa?param=deger"\necho "$url" | grep -oE 'https?:\/\/[^\/]+' | sed 's\/.*\\\/\\\/\\([^\/]*\\)\\\/.*\/\\1\/'<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, grep<\/code> ile URL’nin protokol k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 ve alan ad\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r.  Sonras\u0131nda sed<\/code>,  .*\\\/\\\/\\([^\/]*\\)\\\/.*<\/code> regex’ini kullanarak alan ad\u0131n\u0131 ay\u0131r\u0131r.  \\1<\/code> ifadesi, yakalanan grubun (parantez i\u00e7indeki k\u0131s\u0131m) kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
Edge Case’ler:<\/strong>  Baz\u0131 URL’ler, beklenmedik yap\u0131da olabilir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, port numaralar\u0131 i\u00e7eren URL’ler (https:\/\/www.orneksite.com:8080\/<\/code>) veya yol bilgisi olmayan URL’ler (https:\/\/www.orneksite.com<\/code>).  Bu durumlar\u0131 ele almak i\u00e7in regex’i daha da geli\u015ftirmeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
6. Performans Optimizasyonu ve \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fcm<\/strong><\/p>\n
B\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda URL ile \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, performans \u00f6nemlidir.  xargs<\/code> komutu ile birden fazla URL’yi ayn\u0131 anda i\u015fleyebilirsiniz.  Ayr\u0131ca, komutlar\u0131n performans\u0131n\u0131 time<\/code> komutu ile \u00f6l\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
time echo "https:\/\/www.orneksite.com https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com" | xargs -n1 -I {} bash -c 'echo {} | awk -F\/ '{print $3}' | awk -F. '{print $2"."$3}' '<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu komut, iki URL’yi xargs<\/code> kullanarak ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 i\u015fler ve her birinin \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma s\u00fcresini \u00f6l\u00e7er.<\/p>\n
7. Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryolar\u0131 ve Vaka \u00c7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n
Senaryo 1:<\/strong> Bir web sunucusunun log dosyas\u0131n\u0131 analiz ederek, hangi sitelerin en \u00e7ok ziyaret edildi\u011fini belirlemek istiyorsunuz.  Yukar\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemlerden birini kullanarak, her sat\u0131rdaki URL’den alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karabilir ve daha sonra sort<\/code> ve uniq<\/code> komutlar\u0131yla s\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 hesaplayabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Senaryo 2:<\/strong>  Bir veri taban\u0131nda bulunan URL’leri temizlemek istiyorsunuz.  Bash beti\u011fi yazarak, t\u00fcm URL’lerden alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karabilir ve veri taban\u0131n\u0131 g\u00fcncelleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
8. Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n
Bu makalede, Bash komut sat\u0131r\u0131 arac\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak URL’lerden alan ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemler \u00f6\u011frendiniz.  Basit y\u00f6ntemlerden, d\u00fczenli ifadeler kullanan geli\u015fmi\u015f y\u00f6ntemlere kadar bir\u00e7ok se\u00e7enek mevcuttur.  Hangi y\u00f6ntemin sizin i\u00e7in en uygun oldu\u011funu, verilerinizin yap\u0131s\u0131na ve performans gereksinimlerinize ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  Unutmay\u0131n ki,  en iyi y\u00f6ntem, temiz, okunabilir ve performansl\u0131 olan y\u00f6ntemdir.  Daha fazla ileri d\u00fczey Bash tekni\u011fi \u00f6\u011frenmek i\u00e7in [fatihsoysal.com](https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com) (Bu k\u0131s\u0131m \u00f6rnek bir ba\u011flant\u0131d\u0131r, ger\u00e7ek bir ba\u011flant\u0131 eklenmelidir.) sitesini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n
1. Hangi y\u00f6ntem en h\u0131zl\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong>  awk<\/code> ve xargs<\/code> kombinasyonu genellikle en h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00f6ntemdir.
\n2. Regex’ler ne kadar karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir?<\/strong>  Regex’ler olduk\u00e7a karma\u015f\u0131k olabilir, ancak iyi tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir regex, daha g\u00fcvenilir ve performansl\u0131 bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar.
\n3. Hata ay\u0131klama nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>  echo<\/code> komutu ile ara sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 yazd\u0131rarak, her ad\u0131m\u0131n do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz.
\n4. Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck dosyalarda nas\u0131l performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flar\u0131m?<\/strong>  parallel<\/code> gibi ara\u00e7lar kullanarak paralel i\u015fleme yapabilirsiniz.
\n5. \u00d6zel karakterler i\u00e7eren URL’ler i\u00e7in ne yapmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong>  Regex’inizi \u00f6zel karakterleri de kapsayacak \u015fekilde g\u00fcncellemeniz gerekebilir.<\/p>\n
Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# Bash ile URL’den Alan Ad\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma: Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Komple Rehber Bir web geli\u015ftiricisi, sistem y\u00f6neticisi veya veri…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1328],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-25748","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-bash","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nBash: URL'den Alan Ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Bash: URL'den Alan Ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-07-12T18:45:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Bash: URL’den Alan Ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-12T18:45:25+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/\"},\"wordCount\":1119,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"articleSection\":[\"Bash\"],\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/\",\"name\":\"Bash: URL'den Alan Ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-07-12T18:45:25+00:00\",\"description\":\"Hi\u00e7bir etiketi bulunamad\u0131.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/bash-urlden-alan-adini-cikarma\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Anasayfa\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Bash: URL’den Alan Ad\u0131n\u0131 \u00c7\u0131karma\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/\",\"name\":\"Fatihsoysal.com\",\"description\":\"Blog - 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