{"id":2538,"date":"2024-03-19T11:34:38","date_gmt":"2024-03-19T08:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/?p=2538"},"modified":"2024-03-19T11:34:39","modified_gmt":"2024-03-19T08:34:39","slug":"typescript-nedir-yeni-baslayanlar-icin-adim-adim-kilavuz","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/typescript-nedir-yeni-baslayanlar-icin-adim-adim-kilavuz\/","title":{"rendered":"TypeScript nedir?\u00a0Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in ad\u0131m ad\u0131m k\u0131lavuz"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Web’in yeni \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 90’l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda etkile\u015fimli web sayfalar\u0131na talep vard\u0131. \u0130nsanlar statik verileri g\u00f6stermekten fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yapan web siteleri istiyordu. JavaScript bu arzudan do\u011fdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

JavaScript ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta Mocha<\/strong> olarak biliniyordu . Daha sonra LiveScript<\/strong> olarak yeniden adland\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ve sonunda JavaScript<\/strong> oldu . Biraz kafa kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131, biliyorum \ud83d\ude04<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mocha => Livescript => Javascript<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

JavaScript, 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda Netscape Communications’ta \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken\u00a0Brendan Eich<\/strong>\u00a0adl\u0131 bir geli\u015ftirici taraf\u0131ndan olu\u015fturuldu .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

JavaScript, web geli\u015ftirme i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan ilk dil olmasa da, kullan\u0131m kolayl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve web geli\u015ftiricilerinin web sitelerine animasyonlar, etkile\u015fimli formlar ve dinamik i\u00e7erik gibi \u00f6zellikler eklemesine olanak sa\u011flamas\u0131 nedeniyle h\u0131zla pop\u00fclerlik kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takip eden y\u0131llarda JavaScript, yeni \u00f6zellikler ekleyerek, hatalar\u0131 d\u00fczelterek ve dili daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc hale getirerek geli\u015fmeye ve geli\u015fmeye devam etti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ilerlersek, JavaScript’in etkisi web geli\u015ftirmenin \u00e7ok \u00f6tesine uzan\u0131yor. \u00c7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc mobil uygulamalara, sunucu taraf\u0131 uygulamalara ve hatta masa\u00fcst\u00fc yaz\u0131l\u0131mlara kadar uzan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TypeScript, JavaScript’in modernle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir s\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcd\u00fcr<\/strong> . Statik yazmay\u0131 ve daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Bu, JavaScript’in tamamen yeniden yaz\u0131lmas\u0131 de\u011fildi; basit\u00e7e kendi temelleri \u00fczerine in\u015fa edildi ve geli\u015ftiricilere daha yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f bir geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcreci se\u00e7ene\u011fi sundu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TypeScript’in tarihi, 2012 y\u0131l\u0131nda Microsoft’un onu geli\u015ftirmede \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131. TypeScript, JavaScript’e statik yazma \u00f6zelli\u011fi ekleyerek kodun s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirli\u011fini ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmenin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra geli\u015ftirici \u00fcretkenli\u011fini de art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in tasarland\u0131. O zamandan bu yana, \u00f6zellikle statik yazman\u0131n avantajlar\u0131n\u0131n en iyi oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck projelerde b\u00fcy\u00fck ilgi g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bug\u00fcn TypeScript, web geli\u015ftirme teknolojilerinin ne kadar s\u00fcrekli geli\u015fti\u011finin ve uyum sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n bir \u00f6rne\u011fi olarak duruyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TypeScript’i neden kullanmal\u0131y\u0131m?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hatalar\u0131n Erken Yakalanmas\u0131na Yard\u0131mc\u0131 Olur:<\/strong> TypeScript, kodunuzu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmadan \u00f6nce hatalara kar\u015f\u0131 kontrol eder. Bu, in\u015faata ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce bir yap\u0131 m\u00fchendisinin plan\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 kusurlara kar\u015f\u0131 kontrol etmesi gibidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Koda Yap\u0131 Ekler:<\/strong> TypeScript ile farkl\u0131 veri t\u00fcrlerini (\u00f6rne\u011fin say\u0131, dize veya \u00f6zel t\u00fcr) tan\u0131mlayabilir ve bu veri t\u00fcrlerinin nas\u0131l kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edebilirsiniz. Bu, kodunuzu daha yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve okunabilir hale getirmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015fbirli\u011fini Geli\u015ftirir:<\/strong> Birden fazla ki\u015fi bir proje \u00fczerinde birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, TypeScript okunabilirli\u011fi ve tutarl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 artt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in onlar\u0131n birbirlerinin kodunu daha iyi anlamalar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dcretkenli\u011fi Art\u0131r\u0131r:<\/strong> TypeScript, kodlama s\u00fcresini azaltabilen ve hatalar\u0131 en aza indirebilen otomatik kod tamamlama ve geli\u015fmi\u015f ara\u00e7 deste\u011fi gibi yerle\u015fik \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilirlik:<\/strong> Projelerinizin boyutu artt\u0131k\u00e7a hepsini y\u00f6netmek zorla\u015f\u0131r. TypeScript tam da burada devreye giriyor. Aray\u00fczler ve t\u00fcr kontrol\u00fc gibi \u00f6zellikler sunarak kodunuzun g\u00fcncellenmesini ve zaman i\u00e7inde g\u00fcncellenmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kod Okunabilirli\u011fini ve Bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 Art\u0131r\u0131r:<\/strong> TypeScript’in sa\u011flam yaz\u0131m\u0131na ek olarak, kodun okunmas\u0131n\u0131 ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131ran aray\u00fczler ve t\u00fcr a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 gibi \u00f6zelliklere de sahiptir. Birisi kodunuzu okurken, her de\u011fi\u015fkenin veya i\u015flevin d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve bekledi\u011fi veri t\u00fcrlerini kolayca g\u00f6rebilecek. Bu, zaman i\u00e7inde kod taban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r; bu da mevcut kodu de\u011fi\u015ftirirken hata yapma veya kas\u0131ts\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fiklikler yapma riskini azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TypeScript’teki T\u00fcrler<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Number:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr 1, 2 ve 3 gibi tam say\u0131lar\u0131 temsil etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Hem tam say\u0131lar\u0131 (kayan noktal\u0131 say\u0131lar) hem de ondal\u0131k noktal\u0131 say\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

let myNumber: number = 5;<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

String:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr, “hello” veya “TypeScript” gibi metni veya metin dizelerini temsil etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

let myString: string = \"hello\";<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Boolean:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr, do\u011fru veya yanl\u0131\u015f olabilen mant\u0131ksal de\u011ferleri temsil etmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

let isDone: boolean = false;<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Array:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Alan ayn\u0131 t\u00fcrdeki verilerin koleksiyonudur. Say\u0131lardan olu\u015fan bir alan\u0131n\u0131z, dizelerden olu\u015fan bir alan\u0131n\u0131z veya ba\u015fka t\u00fcrden bir alan\u0131n\u0131z olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

let myArray: number[] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuple:<\/strong> Tuple, belirli say\u0131da \u00f6\u011fenin t\u00fcrde oldu\u011fu bilinen ancak ayn\u0131 olmas\u0131 gerekmeyen bir diziyi temsil eden bir ifadedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

let myTuple: [string, number] = [\"hello\", 10];<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herhangi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Herhangi bir t\u00fcr, herhangi bir de\u011fer t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc temsil eden soyut bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr. De\u011fer t\u00fcr\u00fc bilinmedi\u011finde veya t\u00fcr\u00fc olmayan JavaScript koduyla u\u011fra\u015f\u0131rken yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

let myVariable: any = \"hello\";<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Void:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

void t\u00fcr\u00fc, bir t\u00fcr\u00fcn yoklu\u011funu temsil eder. Genellikle de\u011fer d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmeyen i\u015flevler i\u00e7in d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f de\u011feri t\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

function sayHello(): void { console.log(\"Hello!\"); }<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Object:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nesne t\u00fcr\u00fc herhangi bir ilkel t\u00fcr\u00fcn temsilidir. Bu, bir dizi, bir i\u015flev, hatta NULL veya tan\u0131ms\u0131z olabilece\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

let myObject: object = { name: \"John\", age: 30 };<\/code><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Basit bir toplam \u00f6rne\u011fiyle anlayal\u0131m,<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6ncelikle toplam fonksiyonumuzu tan\u0131mlayal\u0131m. TypeScript’te, t\u00fcr g\u00fcvenli\u011fini garanti alt\u0131na almak ve kodun okunabilirli\u011fini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in i\u015flev ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fkenlerinin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc ve d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f de\u011ferlerini belirtebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bunu nas\u0131l yapabilece\u011fimize bakal\u0131m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki kod par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, a ve b olmak \u00fczere iki arg\u00fcman alan toplam ad\u0131nda bir fonksiyon tan\u0131mlad\u0131k. Bu arg\u00fcmanlar\u0131n her ikisi de say\u0131 t\u00fcrleridir. Parametre listesinden sonra gelen: say\u0131, bu fonksiyonun bir say\u0131 de\u011feri d\u00f6nd\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir. Bu fonksiyonun i\u00e7inde sadece a ve b’yi toplay\u0131p d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcyoruz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Art\u0131k toplam fonksiyonumuzu tan\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za g\u00f6re, onu \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken g\u00f6relim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte toplam fonksiyonunu 5 ve 3 arg\u00fcmanla \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131k. Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin t\u00fcr\u00fc TypeScript’teki i\u015flev imzas\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131r, dolay\u0131s\u0131yla bunlar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a belirtmemize gerek yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fonksiyon bu iki say\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131n\u0131n sonucunu d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr ve bunu konsolumuza kaydederiz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetle<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6zetlemek gerekirse TypeScript, JavaScript’in dinamik do\u011fas\u0131 ile yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f, hataya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 kod gereksinimi aras\u0131ndaki bo\u015flu\u011fu doldurur. JavaScript’in Mocha olarak ilk g\u00fcnlerinden \u015fu anki her yerde bulunmas\u0131na kadar TypeScript, geli\u015ftiricileri daha \u00fcretken, kod bak\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131labilir ve i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i hale getirdi. TypeScript, statik yazma ve geli\u015fmi\u015f ara\u00e7lar sunarak geli\u015ftiricilerin t\u00fcm platformlarda daha sa\u011flam uygulamalar olu\u015fturmas\u0131na olanak tan\u0131r ve bu da onu web geli\u015ftirmede ezber bozan bir hale getirir.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Web’in yeni \u015fekillenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 90’l\u0131 y\u0131llar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda etkile\u015fimli web sayfalar\u0131na talep vard\u0131. \u0130nsanlar statik verileri g\u00f6stermekten fazlas\u0131n\u0131 yapan web…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2541,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[129],"tags":[839,838,840],"class_list":{"0":"post-2538","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-javascript","8":"tag-typescript","9":"tag-typescript-nedir","10":"tag-yeni-baslayanlar-icin-typescript","11":"cs-entry","12":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nTypeScript nedir?\u00a0Yeni ba\u015flayanlar i\u00e7in ad\u0131m ad\u0131m k\u0131lavuz - 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