{"id":25245,"date":"2025-07-03T12:15:20","date_gmt":"2025-07-03T09:15:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-her-gruptan-rastgele-satir-secme\/"},"modified":"2025-07-03T12:15:20","modified_gmt":"2025-07-03T09:15:20","slug":"postgresql-her-gruptan-rastgele-satir-secme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/postgresql-her-gruptan-rastgele-satir-secme\/","title":{"rendered":"PostgreSQL: Her Gruptan Rastgele Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7me"},"content":{"rendered":"<p># PostgreSQL&#8217;de Her Gruptan Rastgele Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7mek<\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda her bir grup i\u00e7in rastgele bir sat\u0131r se\u00e7meniz gerekti\u011fini hayal edin.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, her \u015fehirden rastgele bir m\u00fc\u015fteriyi se\u00e7mek, her \u00fcr\u00fcn kategorisinden rastgele bir \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc listelemek veya her departmandan rastgele bir \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan\u0131 g\u00f6stermek gibi bir\u00e7ok senaryoda bu ihtiyac\u0131 duyabilirsiniz.  Bu makale, PostgreSQL kullanarak bu i\u015flemi nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirece\u011finizi, temel seviyeden ileri seviyeye kadar ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klayacak ve performans optimizasyonu konular\u0131na de\u011finecektir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6\u011frenme Yol Haritas\u0131:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>Yeni Ba\u015flayan:<\/strong> Temel SQL komutlar\u0131 ve <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY RANDOM()<\/code> fonksiyonunun kullan\u0131m\u0131. Basit bir \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinde ad\u0131m ad\u0131m a\u00e7\u0131klama.<br \/>\n* <strong>Orta Seviye:<\/strong> Ger\u00e7ek d\u00fcnya senaryolar\u0131, <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> kullan\u0131m\u0131 ve performans optimizasyonu ipu\u00e7lar\u0131.<br \/>\n* <strong>\u0130leri Seviye:<\/strong>  Karma\u015f\u0131k sorgular, performans analizi, b\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in optimizasyon teknikleri ve edge case&#8217;ler.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PostgreSQL&#8217;de Rastgele Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7mek: Temel Kavramlar<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de rastgele sat\u0131r se\u00e7menin en temel yolu, <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY RANDOM()<\/code> fonksiyonunu kullanmakt\u0131r.  Ancak, bu fonksiyon b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in performans sorunlar\u0131na yol a\u00e7abilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm tabloyu rastgele s\u0131ralamas\u0131 gerekir.  Bu nedenle, b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in daha verimli y\u00f6ntemler kullanmak \u00f6nemlidir.  \u00d6ncelikle, basit bir \u00f6rnek \u00fczerinde <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY RANDOM()<\/code> fonksiyonunu nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 inceleyelim.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6rne\u011fin, <code class=\"language-\">musteriler<\/code> adl\u0131 bir tablomuz olsun ve bu tabloda <code class=\"language-\">sehir<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">musteri_adi<\/code> s\u00fctunlar\u0131 bulunsun. Her \u015fehirden rastgele bir m\u00fc\u015fteri se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki sorguyu kullanabiliriz:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT sehir, musteri_adi\nFROM musteriler\nGROUP BY sehir\nORDER BY RANDOM()\nLIMIT 1;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, t\u00fcm \u015fehirleri gruplar ve her \u015fehir i\u00e7in rastgele s\u0131ralar.  <code class=\"language-\">LIMIT 1<\/code> ise her gruptan sadece bir sat\u0131r se\u00e7er. Ancak, bu y\u00f6ntemin b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in verimsiz oldu\u011funu unutmay\u0131n.  T\u00fcm tablo s\u0131ralanaca\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in performans ciddi \u015fekilde d\u00fc\u015febilir.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Her Gruptan Rastgele Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7mek:  Ad\u0131m Ad\u0131m Uygulama<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u015eimdi daha pratik ve verimli bir y\u00f6nteme bakal\u0131m.  Bu y\u00f6ntem, her \u015fehirden rastgele bir m\u00fc\u015fteri se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> fonksiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p>\u00d6ncelikle, her m\u00fc\u015fteriye her \u015fehir i\u00e7inde rastgele bir s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atayal\u0131m:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT\n    sehir,\n    musteri_adi,\n    ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY sehir ORDER BY RANDOM()) as rn\nFROM\n    musteriler;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY sehir<\/code> her \u015fehrin ayr\u0131 bir grup olarak i\u015flenmesini sa\u011flar. <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY RANDOM()<\/code> ise her \u015fehir i\u00e7inde m\u00fc\u015fterileri rastgele s\u0131ralar. <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> her \u015fehir i\u00e7indeki m\u00fc\u015fterilere s\u0131ral\u0131 bir numara atar.  \u015eimdi, her \u015fehirden sadece ilk s\u0131radaki m\u00fc\u015fteriyi se\u00e7elim:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"language-sql\"><code>SELECT sehir, musteri_adi\nFROM (\n    SELECT\n        sehir,\n        musteri_adi,\n        ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY sehir ORDER BY RANDOM()) as rn\n    FROM\n        musteriler\n) as ranked_musteriler\nWHERE rn = 1;<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu sorgu, \u00f6nce her \u015fehir i\u00e7in rastgele s\u0131ralanm\u0131\u015f m\u00fc\u015fterilere s\u0131ra numaras\u0131 atar ve daha sonra her \u015fehirden sadece <code class=\"language-\">rn = 1<\/code> olan, yani rastgele se\u00e7ilen ilk m\u00fc\u015fteriyi se\u00e7er. Bu y\u00f6ntem, b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY RANDOM()<\/code> y\u00f6nteminden daha verimlidir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm tabloyu s\u0131ralaman\u0131n aksine, her grup i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 ayr\u0131 s\u0131ralamalar yapar.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ger\u00e7ek D\u00fcnya Senaryolar\u0131 ve Vaka Analizleri<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek 1: E-Ticaret Sitesi \u00dcr\u00fcn \u00d6nerisi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir e-ticaret sitesinde, her kategori i\u00e7in rastgele bir \u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6nermek istedi\u011finizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.  \u00dcr\u00fcnler <code class=\"language-\">urunler<\/code> adl\u0131 bir tabloda saklan\u0131yor ve her \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bir <code class=\"language-\">kategori_id<\/code> s\u00fctunu var.  Yukar\u0131daki y\u00f6ntemle, her kategori i\u00e7in rastgele bir \u00fcr\u00fcn se\u00e7ebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00d6rnek 2: Anket Sonu\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n Analizi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bir ankete kat\u0131lan ki\u015filerin demografik bilgilerini (ya\u015f, cinsiyet, \u015fehir vb.) ve cevaplar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir tablonuz olsun.  Her demografik grup i\u00e7in rastgele bir kat\u0131l\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n cevaplar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclemek i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6ntemi kullanabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Performans Optimizasyonu \u0130pu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>* <strong>\u0130ndeksler:<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">sehir<\/code> s\u00fctununa bir indeks eklemek sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilir.<br \/>\n* <strong>WHERE ko\u015fullar\u0131:<\/strong>  E\u011fer sadece belirli \u015fehirlerden rastgele sat\u0131r se\u00e7meniz gerekiyorsa, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> ko\u015fulu ekleyerek sorguyu daraltabilirsiniz.<br \/>\n* <strong>Materyalize G\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in, \u00f6nceden hesaplanm\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 saklayan materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler kullanarak sorgu performans\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rabilirsiniz.<br \/>\n* <strong>Daha Az Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7in:<\/strong> <code class=\"language-\">LIMIT<\/code> kullanarak sadece ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funuz kadar sat\u0131r se\u00e7in.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0130leri D\u00fczey Teknikler ve Edge Case&#8217;ler<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in, daha geli\u015fmi\u015f teknikler kullanmak gerekebilir.  \u00d6rne\u011fin,  <code class=\"language-\">TABLESAMPLE<\/code> kullanarak tablonun bir alt k\u00fcmesini \u00f6rnekleyerek rastgele sat\u0131r se\u00e7ebilirsiniz.  Ancak, bu y\u00f6ntemin tam rastgelelik sa\u011flamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, bo\u015f gruplar\u0131n nas\u0131l ele al\u0131naca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnmeniz gerekir.  E\u011fer baz\u0131 gruplar bo\u015fsa, bu gruplar i\u00e7in hi\u00e7bir sat\u0131r se\u00e7ilmeyecektir.  Bu durumu kontrol etmek ve bo\u015f gruplar i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan bir de\u011fer d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in ek kod ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Sonu\u00e7<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PostgreSQL&#8217;de her gruptan rastgele sat\u0131r se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in birka\u00e7 y\u00f6ntem bulunmaktad\u0131r.  <code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY RANDOM()<\/code> basit bir y\u00f6ntemdir ancak b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in verimsiz olabilir.  <code class=\"language-\">ROW_NUMBER()<\/code> ve <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> kullanarak daha verimli bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm elde edebilirsiniz.  Performans optimizasyonu i\u00e7in indeksler, <code class=\"language-\">WHERE<\/code> ko\u015fullar\u0131 ve materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler kullanabilirsiniz.  B\u00fcy\u00fck veri k\u00fcmeleri i\u00e7in ise <code class=\"language-\">TABLESAMPLE<\/code> gibi daha geli\u015fmi\u015f teknikleri de\u011ferlendirebilirsiniz.  Do\u011fru y\u00f6ntemi se\u00e7mek, veritaban\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve performans gereksinimlerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n<p><strong>S\u0131k\u00e7a Sorulan Sorular:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. <strong><code class=\"language-\">ORDER BY RANDOM()<\/code> neden b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in verimsizdir?<\/strong> \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc t\u00fcm tabloyu rastgele s\u0131ralamas\u0131 gerekir, bu da \u00e7ok fazla i\u015flem g\u00fcc\u00fc ve zaman gerektirir.<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong><code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> nedir ve nas\u0131l kullan\u0131l\u0131r?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">PARTITION BY<\/code> bir sorguyu belirli s\u00fctunlara g\u00f6re gruplara ay\u0131r\u0131r ve her grup i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 i\u015flemler yapar.<\/p>\n<p>3. <strong>Materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler nedir ve ne zaman kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong> Materyalize g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcmler, \u00f6nceden hesaplanm\u0131\u015f sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 saklayan tablo benzeri yap\u0131lard\u0131r.  B\u00fcy\u00fck ve s\u0131k sorgu yap\u0131lan tablolar i\u00e7in performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n<p>4. <strong>Bo\u015f gruplar nas\u0131l ele al\u0131n\u0131r?<\/strong>  Bo\u015f gruplar i\u00e7in varsay\u0131lan bir de\u011fer d\u00f6nd\u00fcrmek veya bu gruplar\u0131 sorgu sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan hari\u00e7 tutmak i\u00e7in ek ko\u015fullar ekleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<p>5. <strong><code class=\"language-\">TABLESAMPLE<\/code> ne zaman kullan\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r?<\/strong>  <code class=\"language-\">TABLESAMPLE<\/code> b\u00fcy\u00fck tablolar i\u00e7in rastgele bir alt k\u00fcme se\u00e7mek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilir, ancak tam rastgelelik sa\u011flamayabilir.<\/p>\n<p>Yazar: Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"# PostgreSQL&#8217;de Her Gruptan Rastgele Sat\u0131r Se\u00e7mek PostgreSQL veritaban\u0131n\u0131zda her bir grup i\u00e7in rastgele bir sat\u0131r se\u00e7meniz gerekti\u011fini&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[644],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-25245","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-postgresql","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - 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