{"id":18365,"date":"2025-04-17T03:30:14","date_gmt":"2025-04-17T00:30:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonin-selectors-modulu-ile-verimli-g-c-coklayici-kullanimi\/"},"modified":"2025-04-17T03:30:14","modified_gmt":"2025-04-17T00:30:14","slug":"pythonin-selectors-modulu-ile-verimli-g-c-coklayici-kullanimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonin-selectors-modulu-ile-verimli-g-c-coklayici-kullanimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Python’\u0131n `selectors` Mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile Verimli G\/\u00c7 \u00c7oklay\u0131c\u0131 Kullan\u0131m\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Python’\u0131n selectors Mod\u00fcl\u00fc ile Verimli G\/\u00c7 \u00c7oklay\u0131c\u0131 Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/p>\n

Merhaba, Fatih Soysal burada. Bu makalede, Python’\u0131n performansl\u0131 G\/\u00c7 i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in sundu\u011fu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7 olan selectors mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc detayl\u0131 olarak inceleyece\u011fiz. \u00d6zellikle, birden \u00e7ok a\u011f ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 veya dosya tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda y\u00f6netmek gerekti\u011finde nas\u0131l kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu, sunucu uygulamalar\u0131 veya y\u00fcksek performansl\u0131 uygulamalar geli\u015ftirirken olduk\u00e7a \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6ncelikle, G\/\u00c7 \u00e7oklay\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n ne oldu\u011funu ve neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu anlamam\u0131z gerekiyor. <\/p>\n

G\/\u00c7 \u00c7oklay\u0131c\u0131 Nedir ve Neden \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h2>\n

G\/\u00c7 \u00e7oklay\u0131c\u0131 (I\/O Multiplexing), tek bir i\u015flemcinin birden fazla G\/\u00c7 kayna\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda izlemesine ve olaylar\u0131 (\u00f6rne\u011fin, veri gelmesi, ba\u011flant\u0131 kesilmesi) i\u015flemesine olanak tan\u0131yan bir y\u00f6ntemdir. Basit\u00e7e s\u00f6ylemek gerekirse, tek bir program ile birden fazla soket veya dosyay\u0131 e\u015f zamanl\u0131 olarak izlemenizi sa\u011flar. Bu sayede, uygulaman\u0131z her bir kayna\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak kontrol etmek yerine, olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde bilgilendirilir ve kaynaklara daha verimli \u015fekilde eri\u015fir. Bu da performans ve kaynak kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir soket sunucu program\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Birden \u00e7ok istemci ile ba\u011flant\u0131 kurdu\u011funu varsayal\u0131m. Her istemci i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 bir i\u015flem ba\u015flatmak yerine, selectors mod\u00fcl\u00fc sayesinde tek bir i\u015flem i\u00e7inde t\u00fcm istemcileri izlemeniz ve gelen verileri i\u015flemeniz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olur. Bu, kaynak t\u00fcketimini azalt\u0131r ve uygulaman\u0131n daha \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n

selectors Mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn Temel Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n

Python’\u0131n selectors mod\u00fcl\u00fc \u00fc\u00e7 ana s\u0131n\u0131f sunar: DefaultSelector, EpollSelector (Linux’ta y\u00fcksek performans i\u00e7in) ve KqueueSelector (macOS ve BSD sistemlerinde y\u00fcksek performans i\u00e7in). Genellikle DefaultSelector yeterlidir; ancak performans kritik uygulamalar i\u00e7in di\u011ferlerini de kullanabilirsiniz. \u0130\u015fte basit bir \u00f6rnek:<\/p>\n

\nimport selectors\nimport socket\n\nsel = selectors.DefaultSelector()\n\ndef accept(sock, mask):\n    conn, addr = sock.accept()  # Bu fonksiyon bir istemci ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lacakt\u0131r.\n    print(f\"Accepted connection from {addr}\")\n    conn.setblocking(False)\n    sel.register(conn, selectors.EVENT_READ, read)\n\ndef read(conn, mask):\n    data = conn.recv(1024)  # Bu fonksiyon istemciden veri geldi\u011finde \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lacakt\u0131r.\n    if data:\n        print(f\"Received data: {data.decode()}\")\n        conn.send(b\"Echo: \" + data)\n    else:\n        print(f\"Closing connection\")\n        sel.unregister(conn)\n        conn.close()\n\nsock = socket.socket()\nsock.bind(('localhost', 12345))\nsock.listen()\nsock.setblocking(False)\nsel.register(sock, selectors.EVENT_READ, accept)\n\nwhile True:\n    events = sel.select() # Bu fonksiyon, olaylar\u0131n ger\u00e7ekle\u015fip ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmedi\u011fini kontrol eder.\n    for key, mask in events:\n        callback = key.data\n        callback(key.fileobj, mask)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu kodda,  sel.select() metodu,  kay\u0131tl\u0131 dosya tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131ndan birinde olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fene kadar bekler.  Olay ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011finde,  kay\u0131tl\u0131 geri arama fonksiyonu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n
Performans Kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 ve Avantajlar\u0131<\/h2>\n
 selectors mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn,  geleneksel select() veya poll() sistem \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131lar\u0131ndan daha verimli oldu\u011funu belirtmek \u00f6nemlidir.  \u00d6zellikle y\u00fcksek e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k gerektiren uygulamalarda,  performans art\u0131\u015f\u0131 olduk\u00e7a belirgindir.  selectors mod\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fcn di\u011fer avantajlar\u0131 \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n