{"id":16436,"date":"2025-03-28T00:00:17","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T21:00:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/"},"modified":"2025-03-28T00:00:17","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T21:00:17","slug":"rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/","title":{"rendered":"Rust’ta E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k: Atomikler A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Rust’ta E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k: Atomikler A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131<\/p>\n

Rust ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 programlama yaparken, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Birden fazla i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 veriyi ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, beklenmedik sonu\u00e7lara ve hatalara yol a\u00e7abilir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada atomikler devreye girer. Bu makalede, Rust’taki atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin ne oldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve neden \u00f6nemli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. \u00d6ncelikle, e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131 ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek sorunlar\u0131 anlamak gerekiyor. Ard\u0131ndan, atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin bu sorunlara nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sundu\u011funu g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.<\/p>\n

E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k ve Veri Yar\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/h2>\n

E\u015fzamanl\u0131 programlama, birden fazla i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 anda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir programlama yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131d\u0131r. Bu, performans\u0131 art\u0131rman\u0131n etkili bir yoludur, ancak ayn\u0131 zamanda dikkatli bir \u015fekilde y\u00f6netilmesi gereken zorluklar\u0131 da beraberinde getirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, iki i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayn\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fkeni ayn\u0131 anda g\u00fcncellemeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rsa, “veri yar\u0131\u015f\u0131” (data race) ad\u0131 verilen bir durum olu\u015fur. Bu durum, de\u011fi\u015fkenin tutars\u0131z bir duruma girmesine ve program\u0131n beklenmedik bir \u015fekilde davranmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, bir saya\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fkenini art\u0131rmak istedi\u011fimizi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnelim. \u0130ki i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu saya\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fkenini art\u0131rmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken, her ikisi de \u00f6nce saya\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fkeninin de\u011ferini okuyup, sonra bir ekleyip, son olarak yeni de\u011feri yazabilir. Bu durumda, her ikisi de ayn\u0131 eski de\u011feri okudu\u011fundan, saya\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fkeni sadece bir kez art\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131r, beklenilen iki kez yerine.<\/p>\n

Atomik De\u011fi\u015fkenler Kurtar\u0131c\u0131<\/h2>\n

Atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenler, bu t\u00fcr veri yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015f \u00f6zel de\u011fi\u015fkenlerdir. Atomik i\u015flemler, b\u00f6l\u00fcnemez \u015fekilde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar. Yani, bir i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir atomik de\u011fi\u015fken \u00fczerinde bir i\u015flem yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, ba\u015fka bir i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 o de\u011fi\u015fken \u00fczerinde ba\u015fka bir i\u015flem yapamaz. Bu, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korur ve veri yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.<\/p>\n

Rust’ta atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenler, std::sync::atomic mod\u00fcl\u00fc i\u00e7inde bulunur. Bu mod\u00fcl, farkl\u0131 veri tipleri i\u00e7in atomik i\u015flemler sunar. \u00d6rne\u011fin, AtomicUsize, i\u015faretsiz bir tamsay\u0131 i\u00e7in atomik i\u015flemler sunarken, AtomicBool boolean tipleri i\u00e7in atomik i\u015flemler sunar. Bu tipler, fetch_add, fetch_sub, load, store gibi atomik i\u015flemleri desteklerler.<\/p>\n

Atomik \u0130\u015flemler \u00d6rnekleri<\/h2>\n
\nuse std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};\n\nfn main() {\n    let counter = AtomicUsize::new(0);\n\n    \/\/ Birka\u00e7 i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 saya\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fkenini art\u0131r\u0131r\n    let handles: Vec<_> = (0..10).map(|_| {\n        std::thread::spawn(move || {\n            for _ in 0..1000 {\n                counter.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);\n            }\n        })\n    }).collect();\n\n    for handle in handles {\n        handle.join().unwrap();\n    }\n\n    println!(\"Saya\u00e7 de\u011feri: {}\", counter.load(Ordering::Relaxed));\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Yukar\u0131daki \u00f6rnekte, 10 i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir atomik saya\u00e7 de\u011fi\u015fkenini 1000 kez art\u0131r\u0131r.  Atomik i\u015flemler sayesinde, veri yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 olmadan do\u011fru sonucu elde ederiz.  Ordering parametresi, bellek bariyerleri ve performans aras\u0131nda bir denge sa\u011flar.  Ordering::Relaxed en h\u0131zl\u0131, ancak en az garantili se\u00e7enektir.  Daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc garantili se\u00e7enekler ( Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::Acquire, Ordering::Release ) mevcuttur.  Uygulamaya ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak uygun sipari\u015f se\u00e7ilmelidir.<\/p>\n
Atomikler ve Mutex’ler Aras\u0131ndaki Fark<\/h2>\n
Hem atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenler hem de mutex’ler e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r, ancak farkl\u0131 ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in daha uygundurlar.  Atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenler, basit, tekil de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin g\u00fcncellenmesi i\u00e7in olduk\u00e7a etkilidir.  Ancak, daha karma\u015f\u0131k veri yap\u0131lar\u0131 veya birden fazla de\u011fi\u015fkenin g\u00fcncellenmesi gerekti\u011finde, mutex’ler daha uygun bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sunar.  Mutex’ler,  bir seferde sadece bir i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n kritik b\u00f6lgeye eri\u015fmesine izin vererek, veri yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlerler.  Atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenler genellikle mutex’lerden daha hafiftir ve performans a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan avantaj sa\u011flarlar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6zetle, Rust’taki atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenler, e\u015fzamanl\u0131 programlamada veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.  Veri yar\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek, g\u00fcvenilir ve do\u011fru \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan e\u015fzamanl\u0131 uygulamalar geli\u015ftirmemize olanak tan\u0131rlar.  Ancak, atomiklerin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n da s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 oldu\u011funu unutmamak \u00f6nemlidir.  Karma\u015f\u0131k senaryolarda, mutex’ler veya di\u011fer e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k mekanizmalar\u0131 daha uygun olabilir. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in fatihsoysal.com<\/a> adresini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.  Ayr\u0131ca, Rust resmi dok\u00fcmantasyonuna buradan<\/a> ula\u015fabilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
#Etiketler:<\/strong> Rust, E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k, Atomik, AtomicUsize, Mutex, Veri Yar\u0131\u015f\u0131, Data Race, Performans,  \u0130\u015f Par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131,  std::sync::atomic, Ordering,  E\u015fzamanl\u0131 Programlama,  Rust Atomik De\u011fi\u015fkenler<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Rust’ta E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k: Atomikler A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131 Rust ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 programlama yaparken, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Birden fazla i\u015f…","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-16436","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nRust'ta E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k: Atomikler A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Rust ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 programlama yaparken, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Birden fazla i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 veriyi ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, beklenmedik sonu\u00e7lara ve hatalara yol a\u00e7abilir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada atomikler devreye girer. Bu makalede, Rust'taki atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin ne oldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve neden \u00f6nemli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. \u00d6ncelikle, e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131 ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek sorunlar\u0131 anlamak gerekiyor. Ard\u0131ndan, atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin bu sorunlara nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sundu\u011funu g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Rust'ta E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k: Atomikler A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Rust ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 programlama yaparken, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Birden fazla i\u015f par\u00e7ac\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ayn\u0131 veriyi ayn\u0131 anda de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, beklenmedik sonu\u00e7lara ve hatalara yol a\u00e7abilir. \u0130\u015fte bu noktada atomikler devreye girer. Bu makalede, Rust'taki atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin ne oldu\u011funu, nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve neden \u00f6nemli olduklar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. \u00d6ncelikle, e\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k kavram\u0131n\u0131 ve ortaya \u00e7\u0131kabilecek sorunlar\u0131 anlamak gerekiyor. Ard\u0131ndan, atomik de\u011fi\u015fkenlerin bu sorunlara nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sundu\u011funu g\u00f6rece\u011fiz.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-03-27T21:00:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Rust’ta E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k: Atomikler A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-27T21:00:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/\"},\"wordCount\":730,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/rustta-eszamanlilik-atomikler-aciklandi\/\",\"name\":\"Rust'ta E\u015fzamanl\u0131l\u0131k: Atomikler A\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-03-27T21:00:17+00:00\",\"description\":\"Rust ile e\u015fzamanl\u0131 programlama yaparken, veri b\u00fct\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc korumak kritik \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. 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