{"id":14455,"date":"2025-03-07T07:15:15","date_gmt":"2025-03-07T04:15:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/yazilim-test-kapsam-olcutleri-satir-kapsamindan-mc-dcye\/"},"modified":"2025-03-07T07:15:15","modified_gmt":"2025-03-07T04:15:15","slug":"yazilim-test-kapsam-olcutleri-satir-kapsamindan-mc-dcye","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/yazilim-test-kapsam-olcutleri-satir-kapsamindan-mc-dcye\/","title":{"rendered":"Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Test Kapsam \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fctleri: Sat\u0131r Kapsam\u0131ndan MC\/DC’ye"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Test Kapsam \u00d6l\u00e7\u00fctleri: Sat\u0131r Kapsam\u0131ndan MC\/DC’ye<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecinde, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n kalitesini ve g\u00fcvenilirli\u011fini sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 testler hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. Bu testlerin kapsam\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek ve eksiklikleri tespit etmek i\u00e7in ise \u00e7e\u015fitli kapsam kriterleri kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu makalede, en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan test kapsam kriterlerini, sat\u0131r kapsam\u0131ndan en karma\u015f\u0131k olan MC\/DC’ye (Modified Condition\/Decision Coverage) kadar ad\u0131m ad\u0131m inceleyece\u011fiz. Her kriterin ne anlama geldi\u011fini, avantajlar\u0131n\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131n\u0131 detayl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Sat\u0131r Kapsam\u0131 (Line Coverage)<\/h2>\n

En basit kapsam kriteri olan sat\u0131r kapsam\u0131, kodunuzdaki her sat\u0131r\u0131n en az bir kez \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Yani, t\u00fcm kod sat\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n testler taraf\u0131ndan y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcp y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclmedi\u011fini kontrol eden bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fctt\u00fcr. Bu, basit bir \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct olsa da, kodun tamam\u0131n\u0131n en az bir defa \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in faydal\u0131d\u0131r. Ancak, kodun mant\u0131ksal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tam olarak de\u011ferlendirmez.<\/p>\n

Dallanma Kapsam\u0131 (Branch Coverage)<\/h2>\n

Sat\u0131r kapsam\u0131ndan daha kapsaml\u0131 olan dallanma kapsam\u0131, her karar noktas\u0131ndaki t\u00fcm dallar\u0131n (true ve false) en az bir kez \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131p \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. \u00d6rne\u011fin, bir if<\/code> blo\u011funda hem if<\/code> ko\u015fulunun do\u011fru hem de yanl\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu durumlar\u0131n test edilmesi gerekir. Bu, sat\u0131r kapsam\u0131ndan daha kapsaml\u0131 bir test sa\u011flar, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc kodun ak\u0131\u015f kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc daha iyi de\u011ferlendirir. Ancak yine de baz\u0131 eksiklikleri olabilir. <\/p>\n

Ko\u015ful Kapsam\u0131 (Condition Coverage)<\/h2>\n

Ko\u015ful kapsam\u0131, bir karar noktas\u0131ndaki her ko\u015fulun (\u00f6rne\u011fin, bir if<\/code> deyimindeki her boolean ifade) hem do\u011fru hem de yanl\u0131\u015f de\u011ferlerini almas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirir. Bu kriter, dallanma kapsam\u0131ndan daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r ve karma\u015f\u0131k ko\u015fullar\u0131n do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde de\u011ferlendirilmesini sa\u011flar. Ancak, birden fazla ko\u015fulun birle\u015fik etkilerini g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurmaz.<\/p>\n

De\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015f Ko\u015ful\/Karar Kapsam\u0131 (MC\/DC)<\/h2>\n

MC\/DC, en kapsaml\u0131 ve s\u0131k\u0131 kapsam kriterlerinden biridir. Her ko\u015fulun, karar\u0131n sonucunu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak etkiledi\u011fini g\u00f6stermeyi gerektirir. Bu, di\u011fer kriterlerden daha karma\u015f\u0131k ve uygulanmas\u0131 daha zor olabilir, ancak g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan kritik olan sistemlerde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, havac\u0131l\u0131k veya sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6rlerinde MC\/DC s\u0131kl\u0131kla kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n

MC\/DC’nin nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir \u00f6rnek verelim. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kod par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131 ele alal\u0131m:<\/p>\n

\nif (A && B) {\n  \/\/ Kod blo\u011fu 1\n} else {\n  \/\/ Kod blo\u011fu 2\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
MC\/DC i\u00e7in, A ve B ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n her birinin karar\u0131n sonucunu ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirdi\u011fini g\u00f6stermemiz gerekir.  Yani, A’n\u0131n de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde (B sabitken) karar\u0131n sonucu de\u011fi\u015fmeli ve B’nin de\u011feri de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde (A sabitken) karar\u0131n sonucu de\u011fi\u015fmelidir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n
Yaz\u0131l\u0131m test kapsam kriterleri, yaz\u0131l\u0131m kalitesini art\u0131rmak ve hatalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir ara\u00e7t\u0131r.  Sat\u0131r kapsam\u0131ndan MC\/DC’ye kadar \u00e7e\u015fitli kriterler mevcuttur ve her birinin kendine \u00f6zg\u00fc avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r.  Uygun kriterin se\u00e7imi, projenin risk profili ve gereksinimlerine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in fatihsoysal.com<\/a> adresini ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
Ayr\u0131ca bu konuda daha fazla bilgi edinmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kaynaklara da bakabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n