{"id":12922,"date":"2025-02-19T13:00:16","date_gmt":"2025-02-19T10:00:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/"},"modified":"2025-02-19T13:00:16","modified_gmt":"2025-02-19T10:00:16","slug":"pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/","title":{"rendered":"Python&#8217;da Dosya \u0130\u015fleme: Okuma, Yazma ve Y\u00f6netim"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><body><\/p>\n<p>Python&#8217;da Dosya \u0130\u015fleme: Okuma, Yazma ve Y\u00f6netim<\/p>\n<p>Python, dosya i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay fonksiyonlar sunar. Bu makalede, Python&#8217;da dosyalar\u0131 nas\u0131l okuyup yazaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, farkl\u0131 dosya modlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve olas\u0131 hatalarla nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz.  \u00d6ncelikle, dosya i\u015flemlerinin temelini olu\u015fturan open() fonksiyonuna bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n<h2>Dosya A\u00e7ma (open() fonksiyonu)<\/h2>\n<p>Bir dosyay\u0131 i\u015flemeye ba\u015flamadan \u00f6nce, onu open() fonksiyonu ile a\u00e7man\u0131z gerekir.  Bu fonksiyon, dosya yolunu ve eri\u015fim modunu (\u00f6rne\u011fin, okuma, yazma veya ekleme) parametre olarak al\u0131r.  \u00d6rne\u011fin,  &#8220;dosyam.txt&#8221; adl\u0131 bir dosyay\u0131 okuma modunda a\u00e7mak i\u00e7in \u015fu kodu kullanabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">\ndosya = open(\"dosyam.txt\", \"r\") \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Burada &#8220;r&#8221;, okuma modunu temsil eder.  Di\u011fer yayg\u0131n modlar \u015funlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;w&#8221;: Yazma modu (dosya varsa \u00fczerine yazar, yoksa olu\u015fturur)<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;a&#8221;: Ekleme modu (dosya varsa sonuna ekler, yoksa olu\u015fturur)<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;x&#8221;: Olu\u015fturma modu (dosya varsa hata verir, yoksa olu\u015fturur)<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;b&#8221;: \u0130kili dosyalar i\u00e7in (\u00f6rne\u011fin, resim veya ses dosyalar\u0131)<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;+&#8221;:  Okuma ve yazma modunu birle\u015ftirir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, &#8220;r+&#8221;, &#8220;w+&#8221;)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00d6nemli bir nokta, dosyay\u0131 kulland\u0131ktan sonra mutlaka close() metodu ile kapatman\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu, kaynaklar\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r ve veri kayb\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nler.  Ancak, daha g\u00fcvenilir bir y\u00f6ntem olan with blo\u011funu kullanman\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6neririm:<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">\nwith open(\"dosyam.txt\", \"r\") as dosya:\n    icerik = dosya.read()\n    print(icerik)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>Bu y\u00f6ntem, dosyay\u0131 otomatik olarak kapat\u0131r, olas\u0131 hatalar\u0131 \u00f6nler.  Ayr\u0131ca, daha temiz ve okunabilir bir kod yazman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n<h2>Dosya Okuma<\/h2>\n<p>Dosyay\u0131 a\u00e7t\u0131ktan sonra,  read(), readline(), veya readlines() metodlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak i\u00e7eri\u011fini okuyabilirsiniz. read() metodu t\u00fcm dosyay\u0131 bir string olarak okurken, readline() metodu dosyadan sat\u0131r sat\u0131r okuma sa\u011flar.  readlines() ise t\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131 bir liste halinde d\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">\nwith open(\"dosyam.txt\", \"r\") as dosya:\n    # T\u00fcm dosyay\u0131 oku\n    tumIcerik = dosya.read()\n    print(tumIcerik)\n\n    dosya.seek(0) # imleci ba\u015fa alal\u0131m\n\n    # Sat\u0131r sat\u0131r oku\n    satir = dosya.readline()\n    while satir:\n        print(satir, end=\"\")\n        satir = dosya.readline()\n\n    dosya.seek(0) # imleci ba\u015fa alal\u0131m\n\n    # T\u00fcm sat\u0131rlar\u0131 liste olarak oku\n    tumSatirlar = dosya.readlines()\n    for satir in tumSatirlar:\n        print(satir, end=\"\")\n\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>Dosya Yazma<\/h2>\n<p>Dosyaya yazmak i\u00e7in &#8220;w&#8221; veya &#8220;a&#8221; modlar\u0131n\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.  write() metodu, dosyaya string verileri yazar. <\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">\nwith open(\"yeni_dosya.txt\", \"w\") as dosya:\n    dosya.write(\"Merhaba, yeni dosyaya yaz\u0131yorum!\\n\")\n    dosya.write(\"Bu ikinci sat\u0131r.\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>Hata Y\u00f6netimi<\/h2>\n<p>Dosya i\u015flemleri s\u0131ras\u0131nda hatalar meydana gelebilir (\u00f6rne\u011fin, dosya bulunamad\u0131).  try&#8230;except bloklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bu hatalar\u0131 yakalayabilir ve program\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6kmesini \u00f6nleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n<pre><code class=\"language-python\">\ntry:\n    with open(\"olmayan_dosya.txt\", \"r\") as dosya:\n        icerik = dosya.read()\nexcept FileNotFoundError:\n    print(\"Dosya bulunamad\u0131!\")\nexcept Exception as e:\n    print(f\"Bir hata olu\u015ftu: {e}\")\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2>\u0130leri D\u00fczey Konular<\/h2>\n<p>Dosya i\u015flemlerinde daha ileri konulara girmeden \u00f6nce,  <a href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\">fatihsoysal.com<\/a>  sitesindeki di\u011fer Python makalelerimi inceleyebilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin, CSV dosyalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015flemek, JSON verileriyle \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak veya daha karma\u015f\u0131k dosya yap\u0131lar\u0131yla ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kmak gibi konulara de\u011finilmektedir.<\/p>\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca, daha detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in Python&#8217;\u0131n resmi d\u00f6k\u00fcmantasyonuna g\u00f6z atabilirsiniz: <a href=\"https:\/\/docs.python.org\/3\/tutorial\/inputoutput.html\">Python Dosya Giri\u015f\/\u00c7\u0131k\u0131\u015f D\u00f6k\u00fcmantasyonu<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Umar\u0131m bu makale, Python&#8217;da dosya i\u015flemeyi anlaman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmu\u015ftur.  Herhangi bir sorunuz varsa, yorumlarda sormaktan \u00e7ekinmeyin!<\/p>\n<h3>#Etiketler<\/h3>\n<p>Python, dosya i\u015fleme, file handling, okuma, yazma, dosya y\u00f6netimi, Python dosya okuma, Python dosya yazma, dosya a\u00e7ma, dosya kapama, hata y\u00f6netimi, open(), read(), write(), readline(), readlines(), with, try&#8230;except, FileNotFoundError<\/p>\n<p><\/body><br \/>\n<\/html><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Python&#8217;da Dosya \u0130\u015fleme: Okuma, Yazma ve Y\u00f6netim Python, dosya i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay fonksiyonlar sunar. Bu&hellip;","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_page_header_type":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_page_subscribe_form":"","csco_page_contact_form":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-12922","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-genel","7":"cs-entry","8":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v20.5 (Yoast SEO v25.3.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Python&#039;da Dosya \u0130\u015fleme: Okuma, Yazma ve Y\u00f6netim<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Python, dosya i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay fonksiyonlar sunar. Bu makalede, Python&#039;da dosyalar\u0131 nas\u0131l okuyup yazaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, farkl\u0131 dosya modlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve olas\u0131 hatalarla nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz. \u00d6ncelikle, dosya i\u015flemlerinin temelini olu\u015fturan `open()` fonksiyonuna bakal\u0131m.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Python&#039;da Dosya \u0130\u015fleme: Okuma, Yazma ve Y\u00f6netim\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Python, dosya i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay fonksiyonlar sunar. Bu makalede, Python&#039;da dosyalar\u0131 nas\u0131l okuyup yazaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131, farkl\u0131 dosya modlar\u0131n\u0131 nas\u0131l kullanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ve olas\u0131 hatalarla nas\u0131l ba\u015fa \u00e7\u0131kaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 ad\u0131m ad\u0131m \u00f6\u011freneceksiniz. \u00d6ncelikle, dosya i\u015flemlerinin temelini olu\u015fturan `open()` fonksiyonuna bakal\u0131m.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Kodlar\u0131n Gizemli D\u00fcnyas\u0131\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-02-19T10:00:16+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Yazan:\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Fatih Soysal\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Tahmini okuma s\u00fcresi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 dakika\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Fatih Soysal\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"headline\":\"Python&#8217;da Dosya \u0130\u015fleme: Okuma, Yazma ve Y\u00f6netim\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-19T10:00:16+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/\"},\"wordCount\":483,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#\/schema\/person\/002a254750921dcfd568a99e48240dd1\"},\"inLanguage\":\"tr\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/#respond\"]}],\"copyrightYear\":\"2025\",\"copyrightHolder\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#organization\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/pythonda-dosya-isleme-okuma-yazma-ve-yonetim\/\",\"name\":\"Python'da Dosya \u0130\u015fleme: Okuma, Yazma ve Y\u00f6netim\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2025-02-19T10:00:16+00:00\",\"description\":\"Python, dosya i\u015flemleri i\u00e7in g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 kolay fonksiyonlar sunar. 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