HTTP \u00d6nbellekleme: G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00d6nbellek<\/p>\n
Merhaba! Fatih Soysal olarak, bug\u00fcn size web performans\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirebilen HTTP \u00f6nbellekleme mekanizmalar\u0131n\u0131, \u00f6zellikle de g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00f6nbellekleri a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m. Bu mekanizmalar\u0131 anlamak, web sitenizin h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 ve verimlili\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in son derece \u00f6nemlidir. \u00d6ncelikle, HTTP \u00f6nbelleklemenin ne oldu\u011funu ve neden \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu anlayal\u0131m.<\/p>\n
K\u0131saca, HTTP \u00f6nbelle\u011fi, sunucudan istemciye (\u00f6rne\u011fin, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131z) g\u00f6nderilen kaynaklar\u0131n (HTML sayfalar\u0131, resimler, CSS dosyalar\u0131 vb.) bir kopyas\u0131n\u0131 istemcinin veya bir ara sunucunun (proxy) yerel olarak saklamas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, bir sonraki istekte, sunucuya tekrar ula\u015fmak yerine bu \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f kopya kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Bu sayede, sayfalar \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fcklenir ve sunucu \u00fczerindeki y\u00fck azal\u0131r. Bununla birlikte, \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nan i\u00e7eri\u011fin ge\u00e7erli olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in mekanizmalara ihtiya\u00e7 vard\u0131r ve i\u015fte bu noktada g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00f6nbellekler devreye girer.<\/p>\n
G\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6nbellek, sunucu taraf\u0131ndan belirtilen kurallara g\u00f6re \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7eri\u011fin, \u00f6nbelle\u011fin ge\u00e7erlilik s\u00fcresine kadar do\u011frudan kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Sunucu, G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00f6nbellek, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6nbelle\u011fin aksine, i\u00e7eri\u011fin g\u00fcncel olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sunucuyla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek kontrol eder. Bu, genellikle G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00f6nbellek, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6nbelle\u011fe g\u00f6re daha esnektir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc i\u00e7eri\u011fin ge\u00e7erlili\u011fini daha hassas bir \u015fekilde kontrol eder. Ayr\u0131ca, sunucu, i\u00e7eri\u011fin de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini ancak i\u00e7eri\u011fin tamamen yeniden g\u00f6nderilmesinin gereksiz oldu\u011funu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc durumlarda, k\u0131smi g\u00fcncellemeler g\u00f6nderebilir. Bu, bant geni\u015fli\u011fini daha verimli kullanmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n Optimal performans i\u00e7in, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00f6nbellek mekanizmalar\u0131 genellikle birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6nbellek, i\u00e7eri\u011fin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde sunulmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Ard\u0131ndan, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00f6nbellek, i\u00e7eri\u011fin g\u00fcncelli\u011fini do\u011frulamak i\u00e7in devreye girer. Bu yakla\u015f\u0131m, hem h\u0131z\u0131 hem de do\u011frulu\u011fu sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n Bu \u00f6rnekte, Umar\u0131m bu makale, HTTP \u00f6nbellekleme ve \u00f6zellikle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00f6nbellek mekanizmalar\u0131 hakk\u0131nda daha iyi bir anlay\u0131\u015f kazand\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Web sitenizin performans\u0131n\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bu teknikleri uygulaman\u0131z\u0131 \u00f6neririm. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in, fatihsoysal.com<\/a> sitesini ziyaret edebilirsiniz. Ayr\u0131ca, konuyla ilgili daha ayr\u0131nt\u0131l\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in Mozilla Developer Network<\/a> kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 inceleyebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n #Etiketler: HTTP \u00f6nbelle\u011fi, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6nbellek, g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00f6nbellek, HTTP cache, performans optimizasyonu, web performans\u0131, Cache-Control, Last-Modified, ETag, web geli\u015ftirme, Fatih SoysalCache-Control<\/code> HTTP ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla \u00f6nbelle\u011fin ne kadar s\u00fcre ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Cache-Control: max-age=3600<\/code> ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u00e7eri\u011fin 1 saat boyunca ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011funu belirtir. Bu s\u00fcre i\u00e7inde, taray\u0131c\u0131 veya proxy sunucu, sunucuya tekrar ula\u015fmadan \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f i\u00e7eri\u011fi kullan\u0131r. Bu y\u00f6ntem, olduk\u00e7a basit ve verimlidir. Ancak, i\u00e7eri\u011fin g\u00fcncellenmesi gerekti\u011finde, sunucu bunu zorunlu hale getirmelidir.<\/p>\nG\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00d6nbellek (Negotiated Caching)<\/h2>\n
Last-Modified<\/code> ve ETag<\/code> HTTP ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 kullan\u0131larak yap\u0131l\u0131r. Last-Modified<\/code>, i\u00e7eri\u011fin son de\u011fi\u015fiklik tarihini belirtirken, ETag<\/code> i\u00e7eri\u011fin benzersiz bir tan\u0131mlay\u0131c\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r. \u0130stemci, bu bilgileri sunucuya g\u00f6nderir ve sunucu, i\u00e7eri\u011fin g\u00fcncellenip g\u00fcncellenmedi\u011fini kontrol eder. G\u00fcncellenmemi\u015fse, \u00f6nbellekteki kopya kullan\u0131l\u0131r. G\u00fcncellenmi\u015fse, sunucu yeni i\u00e7eri\u011fi g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\nG\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc ve G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeli \u00d6nbelle\u011fin Birlikte Kullan\u0131m\u0131<\/h2>\n
\u00d6rnek Kod (
Cache-Control<\/code> Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131)<\/h2>\n\nCache-Control: public, max-age=3600, s-maxage=86400\n<\/code><\/pre>\npublic<\/code>, i\u00e7eri\u011fin herkes taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6nbelle\u011fe al\u0131nabilece\u011fini belirtir. max-age=3600<\/code>, istemci i\u00e7in \u00f6nbelle\u011fin 1 saat ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, s-maxage=86400<\/code> ise proxy sunucular\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nbelle\u011fin 1 g\u00fcn ge\u00e7erli olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtir.<\/p>\n
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