{"id":10254,"date":"2025-01-21T22:00:18","date_gmt":"2025-01-21T19:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/next-js-uygulamanizi-guvence-altina-alma-temel-savunucular-guvenlik-basliklari\/"},"modified":"2025-01-21T22:00:18","modified_gmt":"2025-01-21T19:00:18","slug":"next-js-uygulamanizi-guvence-altina-alma-temel-savunucular-guvenlik-basliklari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fatihsoysal.com\/blog\/next-js-uygulamanizi-guvence-altina-alma-temel-savunucular-guvenlik-basliklari\/","title":{"rendered":"Next.js Uygulaman\u0131z\u0131 G\u00fcvence Alt\u0131na Alma: Temel Savunucular (G\u00fcvenlik Ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131)"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

Next.js Uygulaman\u0131z\u0131 G\u00fcvence Alt\u0131na Alma: Temel Savunucular (G\u00fcvenlik Ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131)<\/p>\n

Merhaba! Ben Fatih Soysal ve bu makalede, Next.js uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011finiz temel g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z. G\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, sunucunuzun taray\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ek bilgilerdir. Bunlar, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u00d6ncelikle, temel g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m. Sonras\u0131nda da, baz\u0131 ileri d\u00fczey tekniklere de\u011finece\u011fim.<\/p>\n

Neden G\u00fcvenlik Ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00d6nemlidir?<\/h2>\n

G\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, modern web uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fi i\u00e7in olmazsa olmazd\u0131r. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n olas\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 direncini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131r\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, Content-Security-Policy ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7l\u0131 kodlar\u0131n \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nleyerek, XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar. Ba\u015fka bir \u00f6rnek olarak, Strict-Transport-Security ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca HTTPS \u00fczerinden eri\u015filebilmesini sa\u011flar ve g\u00fcvenli olmayan HTTP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar. K\u0131sacas\u0131, g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde geli\u015ftirebilirsiniz. <\/p>\n

Temel G\u00fcvenlik Ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 ve Uygulamalar\u0131<\/h2>\n

\u015eimdi, Next.js uygulaman\u0131zda kullanabilece\u011finiz temel g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve bunlar\u0131n nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 inceleyelim. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 do\u011fru bir \u015fekilde yap\u0131land\u0131rmak, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde iyile\u015ftirebilir.<\/p>\n

Content-Security-Policy (CSP)<\/h3>\n

CSP, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n hangi kaynaklardan i\u00e7erik y\u00fckleyebilece\u011fini belirlemenizi sa\u011flar. Bu, XSS sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki CSP ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n yaln\u0131zca kendi alan ad\u0131ndan ve Google Fonts’tan kaynak y\u00fcklemesine izin verir:<\/p>\n

\nContent-Security-Policy: default-src 'self'; style-src 'self' https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Next.js uygulaman\u0131za eklemek i\u00e7in next.config.js dosyan\u0131z\u0131 kullanabilirsiniz.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in Mozilla geli\u015ftirici dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131na<\/a> bakabilirsiniz.  Uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6zelle\u015ftirmeniz \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n
Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)<\/h3>\n
HSTS, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n uygulaman\u0131za her zaman HTTPS \u00fczerinden ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bu, g\u00fcvenli olmayan HTTP ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flar.  Uygulamam\u0131z\u0131 HTTPS \u00fczerinden sunuyorsak mutlaka bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 eklemeliyiz. <\/p>\n
\nStrict-Transport-Security: max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da next.config.js dosyan\u0131zda ayarlayabilirsiniz.  max-age de\u011feri, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n HSTS politikas\u0131n\u0131 hat\u0131rlama s\u00fcresini belirtir (saniye cinsinden).  includeSubDomains ve preload parametreleri ise ek g\u00fcvenlik katmanlar\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n
X-Frame-Options<\/h3>\n
X-Frame-Options ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n iframe i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesini engeller.  Bu, t\u0131k-ka\u00e7\u0131rma (clickjacking) sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemlidir.  Ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n de\u011feri DENY veya SAMEORIGIN olabilir.  DENY hi\u00e7 bir yerde g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmemesi anlam\u0131na gelirken SAMEORIGIN sadece kendi alan ad\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fclenmesini sa\u011flar. <\/p>\n
\nX-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
X-Content-Type-Options<\/h3>\n
Bu ba\u015fl\u0131k, taray\u0131c\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fin MIME t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi \u00f6nlemesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Bu, MIME sniffing sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 engellemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ba\u015fl\u0131k de\u011fer olarak nosniff al\u0131r. <\/p>\n
\nX-Content-Type-Options: nosniff\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Referrer-Policy<\/h3>\n
Referrer-Policy ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131, HTTP referans ba\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n nas\u0131l i\u015flenece\u011fini kontrol eder. Bu ba\u015fl\u0131k, gizlilik sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.  Kullan\u0131lacak de\u011ferler,  no-referrer, no-referrer-when-downgrade, same-origin, origin, strict-origin, strict-origin-when-cross-origin, unsafe-url gibi se\u00e7enekleri i\u00e7erir.  Projeniz i\u00e7in en uygun de\u011feri se\u00e7meniz \u00f6nemlidir. Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in Mozilla geli\u015ftirici dok\u00fcmanlar\u0131n\u0131<\/a> inceleyebilirsiniz. <\/p>\n
Next.js’de G\u00fcvenlik Ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 Uygulama<\/h2>\n
Next.js’de g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 uygulaman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n yolu, next.config.js dosyas\u0131n\u0131 kullanmakt\u0131r. Bu dosyaya headers fonksiyonunu ekleyerek t\u00fcm istekler i\u00e7in g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz.  \u00d6rne\u011fin:<\/p>\n
\n\/\/ next.config.js\nmodule.exports = {\n  async headers() {\n    return [\n      {\n        source: '\/(.*)',\n        headers: [\n          { key: 'Content-Security-Policy', value: \"default-src 'self'; style-src 'self' https:\/\/fonts.googleapis.com;\" },\n          { key: 'Strict-Transport-Security', value: 'max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains; preload;' },\n          { key: 'X-Frame-Options', value: 'SAMEORIGIN' },\n          { key: 'X-Content-Type-Options', value: 'nosniff' },\n          { key: 'Referrer-Policy', value: 'strict-origin-when-cross-origin' }\n        ]\n      }\n    ]\n  }\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
Bu konfig\u00fcrasyon, t\u00fcm istekler i\u00e7in belirtilen g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ekler.  Daha spesifik route’lar i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 ba\u015fl\u0131klar tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz.  \u00d6nemli not:  Bu konfig\u00fcrasyonu kendi ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131za g\u00f6re uyarlaman\u0131z gerekmektedir.<\/p>\n
Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\n
Bu makalede, Next.js uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131z\u0131n g\u00fcvenli\u011fini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullanabilece\u011finiz temel g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ele ald\u0131k.  Bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 uygulamak, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 direncini \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde art\u0131racakt\u0131r. Unutmay\u0131n ki, g\u00fcvenlik s\u00fcrekli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir ve  ba\u015fka g\u00fcvenlik \u00f6nlemleriyle birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda  bu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n etkisi daha da artar.  Daha fazla bilgi i\u00e7in web sitemi<\/a> ziyaret edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n
#Etiketler
\nNext.js, g\u00fcvenlik, g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, HTTP ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, uygulama g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, web g\u00fcvenli\u011fi, CSP, HSTS, X-Frame-Options, X-Content-Type-Options, Referrer-Policy, Fatih Soysal<\/p>\n
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G\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131, sunucunuzun taray\u0131c\u0131ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ek bilgilerdir. Bunlar, uygulaman\u0131z\u0131n \u00e7e\u015fitli g\u00fcvenlik a\u00e7\u0131klar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. \u00d6ncelikle, temel g\u00fcvenlik ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 ve nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klayaca\u011f\u0131m. 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